...Polarity Management of Cost and Quality Dustin Klinger Kaplan University Polarity Management of Cost and Quality Polarities are interdependent pairs that support a common purpose yet tend to be contradictory of one other (Polarity Partnerships, para. 1). Some examples of polarities include: stability and change, individual and team, long and short term, autocratic and participatory and my topic, cost and quality. Any of these pairs are known to counter the other. In my case, it is important to note that when quality improves, cost generally increases and vice versa. Throughout this paper I will discuss managerial approaches to utilize these two concepts to your advantage without ever overlooking either of them. It is important to embrace the fact that there are polarities everywhere we turn and instead of trying to fight against them, we should develop their concepts to make us more complete. Larry Hirschhorn has argued that in order for managers to become proficient in managing polarities, they must develop a set of “rules of thumb” for when they encounter different circumstances. They establish these rules with the hopes of somewhat standardizing their way of thinking as well as how to allocate resources for each instance. The guidelines are generally developed to recognize patterns and opportunities. Hirschhorn recommends managers create a 2 x 2 table to help illustrate this concept and to categorize its different states. Each axis would include a “hi” and...
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...Thanks. All formal papers must be double-spaced and paragraphs indented Polarity Paper Polarities and polarity management We have all encountered stubborn problems that never seem to go away. These situations are not really problems waiting to be solved, but instead dilemmas in need of management. We all face dilemmas in our personal and professional lives. These are ongoing, unsolvable issues and unfortunately are unavoidable. According to Johnson (1998), Polarity Management is an insightful way to understand and succeed in mastering some of life’s most complex situations. Polarity management is a method of dealing with complex situations by looking at all aspects of the situation. Seidler (2009) describes polarity management as a model that helps us deal with all dilemmas in life. This approach facilitates the consideration of all perspectives to a situation, thereby avoiding the one right-answer approach. The most comprehensive decisions seek the advantages of all alternatives to a situation. When encountering a challenging condition, we must first determine if it is a problem we can solve, or an ongoing polarity/dilemma that must be managed. Johnson (1998) suggests two questions for determining whether an issue is a problem or polarity: 1. Is the issue an ongoing challenge? 2. Is the dilemma opposite points of view interdependent? For every dilemma there exist polarities - interdependent opposites we need to consider in order to create an optimal...
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...of Human Resources Date: October 5, 2012 Subject: Polarity Management: Autocratic vs. Participatory Management You’ve heard the term polar opposites it is used to describe objects, situations, or even people that are very different. North and South poles; yin and yang, dark and light are just a few of the hundreds of phrases used to illustrate polar opposites and their distinct differences. The term polar opposites are often used to brand or categorize things we like or good things versus things we don’t like or bad things. Polarities are persistent issues that are inevitable and unsolvable. The issues or conflicts seem very diverse, but operate at the same time. Sometimes a manager will experience a “damned if I do, damned if I don’t feeling, that is when you have a polarity. Polarity management has been around since early 1975 and continues to be a challenge to companies today. Polarities consist of two interdependent opposites that have two or more answers (Johnson, 1998). Polarities are two issues or conflicts on two far reaching ends of the spectrum, which have no reasonable solution. Each spectrum or pole has advantages as well as disadvantages (Noll, 2002). It is very important to recognize instances of polarity in management situations. If one pole is underlined or a solution is developed it leaves the other pole unresolved thus starting a vicious cycle. The value in comprehending polarities is the understanding they cannot be solved, but only be managed...
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...Case Discussion: Polarities 1. Provide an overview of polarities using at least three credible academic sources “Polarities are ongoing, chronic issues that are unavoidable and unsolvable. Attempting to address them with traditional problem solving skills only makes things worse. There is significant competitive advantage for those leaders, teams, or organizations that can distinguish between a problem to solve and a polarity to manage and are effective with both. (Johnson, 1998, p. 2).” “Polarity management is an approach to conflict resolution that’s about identifying and managing unsolvable problems. It stresses the importance of recognizing that some situations don’t have solutions- and that life doesn’t always have to be either/or. While some issues are just problems that have a definite answer, the more challenging issues are polarities. (Miller, 2008, para. 3&4).” For example, a manager of a team knows that she must constantly go back and forth between focusing on the team’s performance as a whole and on each individual team member’s performance. Were she to focus on one avenue more than the other, we can safely assume she was not as effective as she could be (Hirschhorn, 2001). “They are called paradox, dilemma and tensions. We refer to them as polarities; but whatever they are called, it has been documented that individuals and organizations that manage them well outperform those that don’t. Polarities are competing values that need each in order to achieve...
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...GB500 Unit 3 Manager’s Toolbox: Polarity Skills Project Submitted to: Extreme Computers, Inc. Prepared by VP Human Resources & VP of Finance and Accounting Extreme Computers, Inc. September 19, 2011 Introduction Polarities and Polarity Management What are Polarities? Polarities can be seen as competing pairs that function best when each are presented to balance with each other. By definition a “problem” is an issue which requires a solution. The goal of a problem is to find a fix to the current situation and move forward to a new reality without being required to ever look back. However, a “polarity” is an issue that needs to be addressed, but the “solution” is not one that can survive independently and will actually still require support from the original issue (Welp, M., 2009). What is Polarity Management? Polarity management involves moving from focusing on one pole as the problem and the other as the solution (either/or thinking), to valuing both poles (both/and thinking). Good polarity management gets the best of both poles while avoiding the limits of either (Welp, M., 2009). In short, polarities are ongoing dilemmas in which opposite points of view are interdependent of each other. Some common Polarities are: ● Individual and Team ● Autocratic and participatory ● Planning and action ● Centralized and Decentralized ● Stability and Change ● Cost and quality ● Task and Process ● Long term and...
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...Polarity found in Business Polarities are what we call predicaments or inconsistencies which are intrinsically inescapable and unsolvable. The ongoing natural stress connecting the poles can be devastating and that can show the way to improved effect. Polarity management helps business recognize mutually dependent forces and plan for both. This can help keep away from downside on either side. By managing polarities well, the inborn stress between them can turn into creative energy. Business influential can then observe their organization advantage from the console that is instilled in steadiness and still innovative ideas changes can bring. When this tension is not balanced correctly, stagnation can develop where stability should have been. On the other hand, chaos will erupt when changes was the desire. When business leaders mistake polarities as problems to solve, the tension between the two forces is converted into destructive energy (Irvin, 2010). Leaders of business that manage polarities well outperform other business both in the long term and short term. Polarities have an inherent power within them. One can lose this power when thinking in only terms. Business can either plan for stability at the expense of change or push hard for change while losing what is valuable in stability. Theses opposing forces need each other to sustain itself over time (Irvin, 2010). The goal of a problem is to find a fix to the current situation and move forward to a new reality without...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Polarity Skills Project: Polarity Paper Unit Three Polarity Skills Project: Polarity Paper Kaplan University GB500 Business Perspectives February 18, 2013 Polarities and Polarity Management Polarity management has been defined as a style of supervising that tackles conflict resolution on unsolvable problems. It places pressure on the importance of recognizing that some situations don't have solutions. It shows a “varied way of understanding complex problems and simplifying them “offering a both/and perspective to the either/or viewpoint” (Catalyst Training, 2013). It appears to try to take advantage of gleaning the best from opposing viewpoints when it comes to dilemmas, contradictions, or polarities. Most complex problems don’t have a specific solution. Thus, the task of becoming an effective leader is dependent upon one’s ability to recognize and then manage those complex problems. Polarity management has the ability to present a unique set of principles that will test anyone to view a situation in a new light, especially when you’re dealing with a team, whether virtual or standard. “These situations are not problems to solve; they are polarities which require effective management. Leaders, teams, and organizations become more effective as they learn to distinguish between the two and deal productively with both” (Johnson 2006). To be an effective leader of a team or an organization, management has to be able to manage unavoidable and unsolvable...
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...Action Polarity management, has been defined as a style of supervising that tackles conflict resolution on unsolvable problems. It places pressure on the importance of recognizing that some situations don't have solutions. It shows a “varied way of understanding complex problems and simplifying them “offering a both/and perspective to the either/or viewpoint”. (Catalyst Training, 2012) It appears to try to take advantage of gleaning the best from opposing viewpoints when it comes to dilemmas, contradictions, or polarities. Most complex problems don’t have a specific solution. Thus, the task of becoming an effective leader is dependent upon one’s ability to recognize and then manage those complex problems. Polarity management has the ability to present a unique set of principles that will test anyone to view a situation in a new light, especially when you dealing with a team, whether virtual or standard. “These situations are not problems to solve; they are polarities which require effective management. Leaders, teams, and organizations become more effective as they learn to distinguish between the two and deal productively with both.” (Johnson 2006) To be an effective leader of a team or an organization, management has to be able to manage unavoidable and unsolvable circumstances on a continual basis. So, the question becomes not if you can manage a problem, but how well. Which brings me to the issue of how well can we work in virtual teams when polarities are inevitable...
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...Polarities and Polarity Management: What is a polarity? Polarities can go by various names. These include paradoxes or dilemmas. One example is the basic human need for oxygen and release of carbon dioxide. Humans need for survival depends on the delicate balance of these two opposing activities. This has to be done and kept at a healthy balance. To live, humans must manage the polarity of oxygen vs. carbon dioxide (Pink, 2010). Leaders of businesses that manage polarities well outperform other businesses both in the long term and short term. Polarities have an inherent power within them. One can lose this power when thinking in only either/or terms. Businesses can either plan for stability at the expense of change or push hard for change while losing what is valuable in stability. These opposing forces need each other to sustain itself over time (Irvin, 2010). Polarity management helps business leaders identify interdependent forces and plan for both. This can help avoid downsides on either side. By managing polarities well, the inherent tension between them can turn into creative energy. Business leaders can then witness their organization benefit from the comfort that is instilled in stability and still embrace innovative ideas change can bring. When this tension is not balanced correctly, stagnation can develop where stability should have been. On the other hand, chaos will erupt when change was the desire. When business leaders mistake polarities...
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...Polarity Management Polarities and Polarity Management: What is a polarity? Polarities can go by various names. These include paradoxes or dilemmas. One example is the basic human need for oxygen and release of carbon dioxide. Humans need for survival depends on the delicate balance of these two opposing activities. This has to be done and kept at a healthy balance. To live, humans must manage the polarity of oxygen vs. carbon dioxide (Pink, 2010). Leaders of businesses that manage polarities well outperform other businesses both in the long term and short term. Polarities have an inherent power within them. One can lose this power when thinking in only either/or terms. Businesses can either plan for stability at the expense of change or push hard for change while losing what is valuable in stability. These opposing forces need each other to sustain itself over time (Irvin, 2010). Polarity management helps business leaders identify interdependent forces and plan for both. This can help avoid downsides on either side. By managing polarities well, the inherent tension between them can turn into creative energy. Business leaders can then witness their organization benefit from the comfort that is instilled in stability and still embrace innovative ideas change can bring. When this tension is not balanced correctly, stagnation can develop where stability should have been. On the other hand, chaos will erupt when change was the desire. When business leaders mistake polarities...
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...Summary of Contents Articles - Polarity 1. Articles available on Wiki Johnson, Barry. (1998). Polarity management: A summary introduction. Polarity Management Associates. Argyris, Chris. (2007, May) Skilled Incompetence. Harvard Business Review. Bunker, Benedict Barbara., Nochajski, Thomas., McGillicuddy, Neil. & Bennett, Debbie (1987). Designing and Running Training Events: Rules of Thumb for Trainers In Training Theory and Practice., Selected from Training Theory and Practice. Edited by Henderson, C Jr. & Reddy, W.B., (Eds.) University Associates. Cooper, Susan & Heenan, Cathy (1980) Co-Leading Selected from: Preparing, Designing, & Leading Workshops: a humanistic approach. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Goleman, Daniel. (1998, November-December) What Makes a Leader. Harvard Business Review. Required articles sent by e-mail upon request Beach, Patricia G. & Jennifer Joyce. (2009). Escape from flatland: Using polarity management to coach organizational leaders from a higher perspective. The International Journal of Coaching in Organizations. 7(2), 6483. (Based on Johnson’s model, the authors provide examples of polarity management in leadership) Keenan, Mary, J., Hurst, Joseph, B. & Karen Olnhausen. (1993). Polarity management for quality care: Self-direction and manager direction. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 18(1), 23-29. (A study of the individual group polarity in health care) Lang, Reg. (1999 May/June) Professional meets personal: Bringing the whole...
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...SCH4U – The Chemistry of Covalent Bonding Date_____________________ Orbital Hybridization One of the most influential chemistry books ever written was The Nature of the Chemical Bond by Linus Pauling (1901-1994). Published in 1939, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. Pauling received a second Nobel Prize for peace in 1962. Pauling made tremendous contributions to the field of chemistry, and was an outspoken activist against war and nuclear weapons. If you consider the energy level diagram for carbon it presents a problem to the VB theory. If bonds are formed between orbitals that contain unpaired electrons, how many bonds does it appear carbon can form? | | 2 | | 1 | | Since Carbon only has 4 different 4 valence electrons, according to the Aufbau principle, the 2s orbital is filled first, and then the 2p sub shell has 2 orbitals with unpaired electrons. This suggests that Carbon can only form 2 bonds. However Carbon is clearly able to form 4 bonds, as evidenced by any carbon compound (e.g. methane, CH4). Linus Pauling suggested that carbon is able to create four unpaired orbitals by promoting one electron from the 2s orbital to the empty 2pz orbital. This hybridizes the one 2s and three 2p orbitals together. This configuration is called ‘sp3’. Like s and p orbitals, the ‘shape’ of sp3 orbitals can be defined by a probability density map of electron location around the nucleus. The shape of a sp3 orbital looks like this: Since carbon...
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...CHROMATOGRAPHY Chromatography (from Greek word Chroma means “color” and Graphein means “to write”) is the collective term used for the separation of the mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it to another material known as the stationary phase. The separation is based on the speed of different constituents of the mixture and on the differential partition of the mobile and the stationary phase (web link7). Distribution or partition coefficient is the basis of chromatography which describes a way in which constituents of a mixture distributes between two immiscible phases. For two such phases A and B, the value for this coefficient is a constant at a given temperature and is given by the expression (36): Kd = Concentration in phase A Concentration in phase B COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY For separations of solid and liquids, column chromatography is one of the most important techniques. It is a solid liquid separation technique in which the stationary phase is solid and the mobile phase is liquid. It is based on the principle of differential adsorption of the substance by adsorbent (web link 8). The stationary phase is packed into a glass or metal column and mixture of analytes are then applied, the mobile phase (eluent) is passed through the column either by use of a pumping system or applied gas pressure. The stationary phase is either coated onto discrete small particles (the matrix)...
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...Jacinta Houng Comparing the Solubility of Chemicals in Water “Water is known as the “universal solvent” because so many different substances dissolve in it and we rely on this for many of our daily needs.” Introduction: Water is known as the ‘universal solvent’ as it is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances and dissolves more substances than any other liquid. However the ability to be soluble depends on a substances polarity and bonding. This then contributes to the various ways that different types of chemicals interact in water. Solubility is crucial to every living thing on earth as water can carry along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients necessary for survival. In fact Water covers 70% of the Earths surface and composes 55-70% of the human body. Water is an excellent solvent due to its chemical composition and physical attributes. According to USGS (http://water.usgs.gov/edu/qa-solvent.html ) Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) has a negative charge. A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to have a slight electrical dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative. "Like dissolves like" is an expression used by chemists to help them remember how solvents work. The expression refers to...
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...Physical Properties Boiling point is less than 500 degrees Celsius Melting point is between 169.0 - 170.5 degrees Celsius Odorless and has a bitter taste A white crystalline powder Density is at 1.293 g/cm^3 State at room temperature= solid Soluble in organic solvents like methanol and ethanol Not very soluble in water and ethene Acetaminophen (Tylenol) C8H9NO2 Chemical Properties IUPAC: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide Common Names: Paracetamol, Tylenol, Panadol, Tempera, APAP Organic Family/ Functional Group Biological Importance Primary organic family: aromatics Functional groups: alcohols (OOH) and amide (OCONHO) Taking too much acetaminophen can lead to liver damage/failure or death FDA recommends daily maximum of 4,000 mg for adults; overdoses of this painkiller are some of most common poisonings Sources and Abundance Manufactured by Ortho McNeil Pharmaceuticals Inc., G and W Laboratories Inc., etc. Packaged by McNeil Laboratories, CVS Pharmacy, Walgreen Co., Interesting Facts Acetaminophen is the most popular pain relief medication used in the U.S. and around the world Accounts for over 100,000 calls to poison centers, 60,000 ER visits, hundreds of deaths annually in the U.S. In 1982, seven deaths occurred, known as Chicago Tylenol Murders, as result of taking Extra-Strength Tylenol caplets laced with cyanide Origin/Discovery In 1899, Karl Morner of Germany, discovered Acetanilide became Acetaminophen when the body ...
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