...Kaplan University Polarity Paper Prepared by Earl Ploche, Jr. December 31, 2012 Polarity Paper Polarities and Polarity Management Polarities are areas, dilemmas, issues, or conflicts that exist within an organization that cannot be solved. “Most organizational dilemmas confront us with polarities that we must manage rather than resolve once and for all.” (Hirschhorn, 2001, p. 12) The ability to identify and manage polarity within an organization is critical to its success. Within an organization, group, or team there are two categories of polarities that can be identified. Affective polarity refers to the interpersonal struggle based on the informal characteristics among the group or team members and substantive polarity refers to the intellectual struggle based on task-oriented opposition. (van Engelen, Kiewiet, & Terlouw, 2001, p. 50) Polarities are normally viewed negatively because they hamper the progress of work within a team, group, and organization and many believe they should be avoided or immediately resolved. (Kratzer, Leenders, van Engelen, 2006, p. 97) However, some believe that it is only through conflict and disagreement can a team, group, or organization gain ground breaking innovation and progress. (van Engelen, Kiewiet, & Terlouw, 2001, p. 48) To capitalize on the progress that can be gained from a conflict, it must be managed effectively. There are some polarities that are continuous within a team, group, and organization and must...
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...Case Discussion: Polarities 1. Provide an overview of polarities using at least three credible academic sources “Polarities are ongoing, chronic issues that are unavoidable and unsolvable. Attempting to address them with traditional problem solving skills only makes things worse. There is significant competitive advantage for those leaders, teams, or organizations that can distinguish between a problem to solve and a polarity to manage and are effective with both. (Johnson, 1998, p. 2).” “Polarity management is an approach to conflict resolution that’s about identifying and managing unsolvable problems. It stresses the importance of recognizing that some situations don’t have solutions- and that life doesn’t always have to be either/or. While some issues are just problems that have a definite answer, the more challenging issues are polarities. (Miller, 2008, para. 3&4).” For example, a manager of a team knows that she must constantly go back and forth between focusing on the team’s performance as a whole and on each individual team member’s performance. Were she to focus on one avenue more than the other, we can safely assume she was not as effective as she could be (Hirschhorn, 2001). “They are called paradox, dilemma and tensions. We refer to them as polarities; but whatever they are called, it has been documented that individuals and organizations that manage them well outperform those that don’t. Polarities are competing values that need each in order to achieve...
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...electrons cause an electric charge. The forces between them is defined in Coulomb’s Law. (4) 5. Capacitor – A component in an electrical circuit that stores potential energy in a circuit and changes the polarity of the power on the opposite side as the source. (1) 6. Switch – A component in an electrical circuit that opens, closes, or changes to allow current to flow when it’s closed and current to stop when it’s opened. (2) 7. Inductor – A component in an electrical circuit that stores potential energy in its magnetic field caused by an energized wire. The magnetic field opposes changes in current flow when the voltage through the coil is changed. (2) 8. Transformer – A component in an electrical circuit that can increase voltage to higher amount (step-up transformer) or lower the voltage (step-down transformer) coming out the other side. (2) 9. Direct Current – A DC voltage is a current of electricity that can only flow in one direction. (5) 10. Alternating Current – An AC voltage can change direction, polarity and even continually changes in magnitude. (5) 11. Inductive Reactance – How much opposition an inductor can put on against current. (2) 12. Capacitive Reactance – The natural resistance caused by the change in polarity from an energized capacitor. (1) 13. Impedance – The total resistance and reactance of a circuit to AC current flow,...
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...without a filler metal. In the TIG welding filler can be introduced manually or half automatic. Fig.1.7 TIG welding Principle The TIG welding process is may be manual, fully mechanised and partly mechanised. The TIG welding source of power delivers direct or alternating current (partly with pulsed current). The main difference between the TIG welding of aluminium and steel is the adhering oxide film on the aluminium surface which influences the welding behaviour and has to be concerned. In the TIG welding oxide film has to be removed to prevent oxides from being entrapped in the weld joint. By using of varying the current type or polarity and also use of suitable inert gas we can removed oxide film. 1.6 PROCESS PARAMETERS Current: The current is most effective parameter on weld bead shape, quality of weld and on welding speed. The TIG welding mostly employs direct current on electrode negative because it gives higher weld penetration and also higher travel speed then the electrode positive. When use of electrode positive (reverse polarity) produces rapid heating and degradation of the electrode tip, because anode is more heated than the cathode in tungsten inert gas welding. Fig.1.8 Polarity and current effect on weld bead shape Reverse polarity may be of interest in welding aluminum alloys because of the cathodic cleaning action of negative pole in the work-piece, that is the removal of the refractory aluminum oxide layer. However alternating current is better adapted...
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...Chapter 10 Outline The Shapes of Molecules Introduction Whether we consider the details of simple reactions, the properties of synthetic material, or the intricate life-sustaining processes of living cells, molecular shape is a crucial factor. 10.1 Depicting Molecules and Ions with Lewis Structures Lewis structures, also called electron-dot structures or electron-dot diagrams, are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. A Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently-bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. Using the Octet Rule to Write Lewis Structures The octet rule tells us that all atoms want eight valence electrons (except for hydrogen, which wants only two), so they can be like the nearest noble gas. Use the octet rule to figure out how many electrons each atom in the molecule should have, and add them up. The only weird element is boron - it wants six electrons. Lewis Structures for Molecules with Single Bonds The atoms share a pair of electrons, and that pair is referred to as a bonding pair. The pairs of electrons which do not participate in the bond have traditionally been called "lone pairs". A single bond can be represented by the two dots of the bonding pair, or by a single line which represents that pair. The single line representation for a bond is commonly used in drawing Lewis structures for molecules. · Hydrogen atoms form one bond. · Carbon...
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...PIEZOELECTRIC ARCHITECTURE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT JAGDEEP SINGH | B.ARCH SEM III | September 7, 2015 WHAT IS PEIZOELECTRIC EFFECT? Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress. The word piezoelectricity means electricity resulting from pressure. It is derived from the Greek piezo or piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and electric or electron, which means amber, an ancient source of electric charge. Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880 by French physicists Jacques and Pierre Curie. The piezoelectric effect is understood as the linear electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and the electrical state in crystalline materials with no inversion symmetry. The piezoelectric effect is a reversible process in that materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (the internal generation of electrical charge resulting from an applied mechanical force) also exhibit the reverse piezoelectric effect (the internal generation of a mechanical strain resulting from an applied electrical field). For example, Lead Zirconate Titanate(LZT) crystals will generate measurable piezoelectricity when their static structure is deformed by about 0.1% of the original dimension. Conversely, those same crystals will change about 0.1% of their static dimension when an external electric...
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...f(t)=(1-2*(pi)^2*fm^2*t^2)e^-(pi)^2*fm^2*t^2 2.3 The wavelet effect of various amounts of constant phase shift on a zero-phase wavelet. The 90-degree phase shift converts the zero-phase wavelet an anti-symmetric wavelet. The 180-degree phase shift changes the polarity of the zero-phase wavelet. The 270-degree phase shift changes the polarity of the zero-phase wavelet while converting it to an anti-symmetric wavelet. Finally, it is the 360-degree phase shift retains the shape of the original wavelet. A constant phase shift to changes the shape of a wavelet. In particular time intervals that a 90-degree phase shift converts a symmetric wavelet to an anti-symmetric wavelet it is a while a 180-degree phase shift changes its polarity. 2.1 MINIMUM PHASE LITERATURE REVIEW Seismic wavelet it is a kind of wavelet is minimum phase wavelet has a short time duration and a concentration of energy at the start of the wavelet. It is zero before time zero it is causal. The ideal seismic wave source would be a spike it is the maximum amplitude at every frequency but the best practical one would be minimum phase and another would be the maximum phase is quite common to convert at a given wavelet source wavelet into it is minimum phase at an equivalent source since several processing stages. For example, predictive removing of complications work best by assuming that the input data is minimum phase. Seismic wave is convolution of two waves is maximum and minimum in that maximum phase wavelet is the time...
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...When the circuit was fully set up, we then set the VPS to 18V. We measured Voltage for every resistor that we came across. We had to make sure that the polarity is set up right to get accurate readings. Four of our readings totalled to 36V and our last resistor equaled to -36V (because of polarity). In a sense, our total voltage was zero because of Kirchoff’s Voltage...
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...is need of light. It detects itself weather there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically street light is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project we have used three L.E.D for indication of bulb but for high power switching one can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555. Then it will be possible to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances connected all the way through relay. Principle : This circuit uses a popular timer I.C 555. I.C 555 is connected as comparator with pin-6 connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when the trigger pin 2 is at lower then 1/3rd level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to change the level of output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 6V battery for portable use. The circuit is economic in power consumption. Pin 4, 6 and 8 is connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is grounded. To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a source of light. LDR is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the brightness of the light which is falling on it. It has resistance of about 1 mega ohm when in total darkness, but...
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...performed between that point and some other point in the circuit. In most cases that other point is referred to as ground. The node method or the node voltage method, is a very powerful approach for circuit analysis and it is based on the application of KCL, KVL and Ohm’s law. The procedure for analyzing a circuit with the node method is based on the following steps. 1. Clearly label all circuit parameters and distinguish the unknown parameters from the known. 2. Identify all nodes of the circuit. 3. Select a node as the reference node also called the ground and assign to it a potential of 0 Volts. All other voltages in the circuit are measured with respect to the reference node. 4. Label the voltages at all other nodes. 5. Assign and label polarities. 6. Apply KCL at each node and express the branch currents in terms of the node voltages. 7. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations for the node voltages. 6.071, Spring 2006. Chaniotakis and Cory...
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...The relationship between the earth and the sun With a radius 110 times that of Earth and a mass 330,000 times greater, the sun reigns as the center of the solar system. The gravitational pull of the fierce, stormy ball of gas holds earth orbit, and its emissions power the Earth-atmosphere systems on which our lives depend. As the source of almost all the energy in our world, it holds the key to many of our questions about Earth and sky. Everybody is wondering about the environmental changes that take place throughout the year and from place to place over Earth’s surface. In the late years, people wondered why it got much warmer during summer than in winter and why some days were long whereas those in the other seasons were much shorter. These questions and many like them are probably as old as the earliest human thoughts, and the answers to them help to provide the understanding of the physical geography of the world. Physical geographers’ concerns take them beyond planet Earth to a consideration of the sun and Earth’s position in the solar system. Geographers examine the relationship between the sun and Earth to explain such earthly phenomena as the alternating periods of light and dark that is referred to as day and night. Other relationships between the Earth and sun also help to explain seasonal variations in climate. Although the universe and solar system are not strictly within the province of physical geography, an acquaintance with each can be helpful...
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...to introduce students to the quantitative and qualitative study of spectrophotometry. Spectrometry is the measurement of light that is absorbed or transmitted by the sample solution (Vo, n.d). It is one of the most commonly used methods in various fields to study the quantitative analysis of light that passes through a solution. Meanwhile, the use of spectrophotometer to determine the extent of absorption of wavelengths of visible of light is known as colorimetry. The intensity of light that passes through the sample as well as the concentration of the substance is measured by a spectrophotometer. The instrument consists of some basic components: Radiation light source (tungsten for visible region and deuterium lamp for ultraviolet region), wavelength selector (to isolate a desired wavelength form the source), a cuvette or container to hold the sample solution and a detector (photometer) which delivers the signal in a display device. The voltage output is determined by the difference in the amount of light absorbed by the sample. The fraction of light that passes through the solution is called transmittance, T and the proportion of light absorbed is the absorbance, Abs. Thus, the value of transmittance can be calculated by using the following formula: Transmittance, I = It/ I0 where, It = intensity of the incident radiation entering the medium, I0 = intensity of the transmitted radiation leaving the medium Meanwhile transmittance, T, and...
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...soapy feel. 9) Explain the role of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in causing acid rain (6.7-6.8). SO3 + H2O H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 = nitric acid 13) List the different sources of NOx and of SO2 and explain the variations in the levels of these pollutants over the past 30 years (6.10). NO is formed any time that high heat causes nitrogen and oxygen gases to react: in nature, this occurs during lightning strikes and forest fires, it is difficult to track NO but SO2 can be estimated pretty accurately. Over the past 30 years the levels have dropped due to clean air emission acts and the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. 16) Describe nitrogen saturation and its consequence for lakes (6.13). Farmers spray crops with N2 and the leftover N2 goes into rivers and lakes making them more N2 saturated. 1) Describe how water is linked to life on this planet (Introduction). Water plays a key role in cycling nutrients on our planet. The water cycle drives weather, climate and help shape the land. Water is very versatile; it dissolves and suspends many substances. Our bodies can only go days without water. Water is the only substance that you can find as a solid, liquid, and a gas. 2) Connect the electronegativity of atoms with the polarity of the bonds formed from these atoms (5.1). The greater in the difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms, the more polar the bond is. We can use electronegativity to...
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...point by point and curve tracing (statically and dynamically). Tools DC voltage source , Voltmeter , Diodes board (include different type of diodes ) , wires of connection. Steps Firstly, in this experiment, it was suppose to start with potential difference of 0.5 volt, so we achieve that by adjusting the voltage source to be exactly 0.5 volt First phase " Forward connection " Connect the positive (+) terminal that comes from the voltage source to the positive terminal of the diode board (it is located at the up left corner), and the negative terminal to the ground pin at the diodes board. Then, connect from the positive pin at the board to the anode of D1 and the ground pin to the cathode. Measure the value of the potential difference across R3 which is V4, that could achieved by using the voltmeter, connect the positive (+) terminal of the voltmeter to the node 4, and the negative (-) terminal to the ground. Do the same thing to found the value of the voltage of the diodeV6. Calculate the value of the current that flow through each diode by using the formula (V4-V6)/1100. change the power supply voltage to 1, 1.5, 2.0, 5, 8, 10 V. Second phase "Reverse connection" Here , it is suppose to change the polarity of the voltage terminal, and this could achieved by replace the connection wires (the positive to the place of the negative and vice versa ) at the voltage source. Find the value of the voltage across R4 (V5) and across the diode (V6). Calculate...
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...Measurement of Voltage: [pic] Voltage is measured using a multimeter set to a voltage range, or using a dedicated instrument called a voltmeter. The meter is connected across (in parallel with) the circuit component under test as shown in Fig 1.2. With analog meters, the meter leads must be connected with the correct polarity, as indicated in Fig 1.2. If the lead polarity is incorrect, the pointer will try to move in the wrong direction and the meter could be permanently damaged. With digital multimeters however, should the meter be connected with incorrect polarity, damage will not occur, and a - symbol is shown on the display. Measurement of Current: [pic] Current is measured using a multimeter set to a current range, or using a dedicated instrument called an ammeter. The meter is connected in series with the circuit so that the circuit current flows through the meter as shown in Fig 1.3. Measurement of Resistance: Resistance is measured using a multimeter set to a resistance range, or a dedicated instrument called an ohmmeter. The meter is connected across the resistor being measured as shown in Fig 1.4. [pic] For a resistor, the polarity of the lead connection does not matter but the resistor should be isolated from the remainder of the circuit if possible. This is because the presence of other components in the circuit will affect the reading obtained. It is essential that the power supplied to the circuit is switched off to avoid false...
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