...4A. Vesicular transfersome and liposome based transdermal gel of aceclofenac: 4A.1 Preformulation studies: Identification of drug was carried out by DSC, FTIR and UV spectrophotometry 4A.1.1 DSC studies-DSC studies were carried out at a temperature range of 25 º C to 165 º C at 10 º C increments of temperature. Figure4A.1-DSC Thermogram of Aceclofenac DSC thermogram indicates the M.P of 154º C which fairly matches with reported M.P of Aceclofenac, thus confirming the identity and purity of aceclofenac. 4A.1.2. FTIR studies- Figure4A.2 . FTIR spectra of Aceclofenac Figure.4A.3 Standard FTIR spectra of aceclofenac FTIR Interpretation: Figure 4A.4 Chemical structure of aceclofenac Table 4A.1 Interpretation of FTIR spectra of aceclofenac Functional groups Absorption (cm-1) Range (cm-1) C=0 stretching 1736.41 1540–1870 OH stretching 2925.50 2500–3100 NH stretching 3359.18 3300–3500 C-Cl 668.00 550–850 Interpretation- The FTIR spectra of sample fairly matches with that of reference spectra particularly in fingerprint region thereby confirming the identity of Aceclofenac. 4A.1.3 UV Scan for determining λmax of Aceclofenac The aceclofenac drug concentration of 10 µg/ml in methanol was scanned between 200 nm to 400 nm using UV‐visible spectrophotometer Shimadzu Corporation, Japan (UV-1800). Figure 4A.5 UV scan of aceclofenac in methanol Interpretation: - From the UV scan of aceclofenac, maximum absorbance was observed at 278...
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...Fig. 11 shows a single stage circuit diagram of the bi-directional Ćuk converter balancing system. Generally, the method uses n - 1 SMs to balance a series string of n battery cells where each SM is composed of two switches, two inductors, and one capacitor. Each SM is connected across two adjacent cells to allow energy transfer from the cell with a higher voltage to the cell with a lower voltage, so it takes a relatively long equalization time especially for long string battery packs. The voltage of each SM is equal to the cell voltage and, hence, low voltage MosFETs can be used as power devices to reduce conduction and switching losses. The energy is transferred between the two adjacent cells through the capacitor and the direction of power flow is determined by the voltage imbalance between the cells and the switching function of the two switches. The bi-directional Ćuk converter is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode in order to reduce the MosFETs conduction losses. The initial capacitive voltage is equal to vBj + vBj+1 and two PWM signals are used to achieve the balance between the two adjacent cells which controls the switches, Sj and Sj+1. If vBj > vBj+1, the energy is transferred from cell Bj to cell Bj+1 by controlling the switch, Sj. Conversely, If vBj+1 > vBj, the energy is transferred from cell Bj+1 to cell Bj by controlling the switch, Sj+1. During the period, Ton, the switch Sj is turned on and the switch, Sj+1, is turned off. In this case, the...
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...Body 2 and move the bodies closer to a final separation d. if the capacitance coefficients are known, the system potentials can be calculated: Q_1=c_11 V_1''+c_12 V_2 Q_2=c_12 V_1''+c_22 V_2 The solution of these equation yields: V_2=(Q_2 c_11-Q_1 c_12)/(c_11 c_22-c_12^2 ) V_1''=(Q_1 c_22-Q_2 c_12)/(c_11 c_22-c_12^2 ) V_1^''-V_2=(Q_1 〖[c〗_22+c_12]-Q_2 〖[c〗_11+c_12])/([c_11 c_22-c_12^2]) CONDUCTION CHARGING CONTACT WITH FLOATING CHARGED CONDUCTOR A third type of charging can occur between two conductors, one of which is initially charged. In this case a charge transfer takes place at the time of contact, and results in new body potentials after separation. Assume that Body 1 initially has a charge Q_1 and is isolated from Body 2 which is neutral. Then, for Body 1: Q_1=c_11 V_0 Let the two bodies approach until their separation is d. the body potentials, V_1 and V_2 can be calculated if the capacitance coefficients are known. Q_1=c_11 V_1+c_12 V_2 0=c_12 V_1+c_22 V_2 Let contact be made between the two bodies; the contact can be modelled by a fine conductor which joins the two bodies. After contact, both bodies are at the same potential V and the original charge Q_1 is distributed on the two bodies. The system equations become: q_1=c_11 V+c_12 V q_2=c_12 V+c_22 V Q_1=q_1+q_2 If the two bodies are now separated and moved back to their original positions, the new body potentials can be calculated: q_1=c_11 〖V'〗_1 q_2=c_22 〖V'〗_2 For conduction charging, the polarities of both bodies...
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...M.R.I Anatomy Axial, sagittal and coronal image planes are commonly used for foot and ankle examination. Axial images: Fig. 3-1 Sagittal localizer for axial cuts: perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia (Berquist, 2012) In the axial plane, the low signal intensity bands of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments are demonstrated at the level of the tibial plafond. The inferior extensor retinaculum is identified anterior to and at its attachment to the medial malleolus and represents the upper limb of this Y-shaped band of deep fascia (Stoller, 2007). On axial images through the tibiotalar joint, the tendons of the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscles occupy the anterior compartments in a medial to lateral direction. The peroneus brevis muscle and tendon and the more lateral peroneus longus tendon are located posterior to the lateral malleolus (Haaga, 2002). The tendons of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus can be identified posteriorly, running from a medial position posterior to the medial malleolus to a lateral position posterior to the tibial plafond and talar dome. Posterior and medial to the greater saphenous vein, the anterior tibionavicular fibers of the deltoid ligament blend with the low signal cortex of the anterior surface of the medial malleolus (Leffler and Disler, 2002). The Achilles tendon is identified in cross...
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...2.3.2 TWO AXES TRACKING CONCENTRATORS In order to achieve a high concentration for high temperature solar processes concentrators with double curvatures are used. These require two axes tracking of sun. Some of these have been described below: 1. PARABOLOIDAL DISH CONCENTRATOR A paraboloid is produced when a parabola rotates about its optic axis. when it is used to concentrate solar radiation ,a high concentration ratio is achieved. Due to the compound curvature with perfect optics point source of light, theoretically, light is focussed at a point in a paraboloid. However, an image is produced due to the finite angular subs tense of the sun. Also, the surface may not be strictly parabolic so that the image will be enlarged clue to misdirection of the light rays by misaligned surface elements. A degraded image is obtained if the object is off-axis. The rays from the central region of the paraboloid travel a shorter distance in arriving at the focus, whereas, the rays from the edges travel a larger distance, resulting in a spread of the image. Thus A three dimensional image of the sun in the shape of an ellipsoid is formed. Figure 2.9 Paraboloidal dish concentrator 2. CENTRAL TOWER RECEIVER Central tower receiver consisis of a central stationary receiver to which the solar radiation is reflected by heliostats at A heliostat is composed of a large array of mirrors fixed to a supporting frame. This frame - axed to track the sun, as desired. The heliostats are...
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...dissector counting method to quantify the density of synapses in data sets 3 and 4. To identify a synapse, a dark mass was needed. This dark mass was also to be located on a line in the cell, ie the cell membrane, and to be of no specific shape, like a circle, as those are axons split down the centre. It was also noted that synapses are generally roughly the same size as each other and so an abnormally large dark mass was unlikely to be a synapse. The dissector counting method was used to quantify the density of synapses in data sets 3 and 4. The dissector counting method was given by the equation: Density of synapses per unit volume (Nv) = [(No. synapses in ‘reference’ section) – (No. synapses in ‘look-up’ section) (Q)]/(h x Area) H= 0.08µm Area = 13.31µm2 Example equation for data set 3 image 1: Nv = (10-8)/0.08X13.31 Nv = 2/0.08X13.31 Nv = 1.88 synapses per unit volume. The Nv of the other images in each data set are given by the table below. Average 2.82 2.256 SEM 0.66468 0.535882 3. Generate an appropriate graph of your findings using GraphPad Prism and carry out statistical analysis. Figure 3. Results of the statistical analysis of the unpaired t test between data sets 3 and 4. The result of the unpaired t test gave a p value of 0.4813, indicating the means were not significantly different. In order to make the means more statistically significant in their differences, more tests could be carried out with more animals in each data set. Fig 4. Graph comparing the synaptic...
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... 7. SUMMERY AND CONCLUTION Cancer can be defined as a disease in which group of abnormal cells grow in uncontrolled manner by disregarding the normal rules of cell division. Normal cells are constantly subject to signals that dictate whether the cell should divide, differentiate in to another cell or die. Cancer cells develop a degree of autonomy from these signals, resulting in uncontrolled growth and proliferation. Topical route is the most commonly used route for drug administration through different route of administration are used for the delivery of the drug, topical route remain the preferred mode. Topical preparation are used for the localized effects at the site of their application by virtue of drug penetration into the underlying layers of skin. The main advantage of topical delivery system is to bypass first pass metabolism. Avoidance of the risk and inconvenience therapy and of the varied conditions of absorption, like pH changes, presence of enzymes, gastric emptying time are other advantage of topical preparations. Topical delivery includes two basic types of product such as; external formulation that are spread, sprayed or otherwise dispersed on to cutaneous tissue to cover the affected area. Internal topical form such as microsponge technique which allows an even, sustained drug release with minimum irritation while maintaining efficacy. Microsponges are uniform, spherical, porous polymeric particles. They offer a great potential to reduce the side effect...
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...What test is/ are performed for tuberculosis? And how do we make two diagnosis of it, if the skin test is positive? To answer these questions it is very crucial to know that there are two ways some one can be screened for TB test. They are TB skin test or (TST) and TB blood test (TBT). These two tests can help us only to tell whether the patient is infected with TB bacteria or not. They can’t tell whether the patient has latent TB infection or not. Therefore; based on the results if the patient is a positive for TB further tests are important to know exactly for TB disease. These tests are such as medical history, physical examination but more chest x-ray and sample of sputum in laboratory. I am not sure at this point but when I was coming to the US from Africa in the early of 2011 I was tested for TB and the test was skin test; however; the test doesn’t show any TB bacteria at that time. But two weeks after my arrival my blood test was positive and I did all the other tests too to make sure if I am with the disease. But I was just positive and I got the treatments sooner before it develops. So I am not sure only skin test can detect the TB bacteria or not. Where might be found the highest population risky for TB? In this case people who lives with someone who has TB, people who came from countries of the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, most Latin America countries and Russia should be tested from their arrival, people who works with high risk settings more related hospitals...
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...In microbiology lab different tests are performed for the diagnosis of different disease .they are used different techniques for the detection of presence of microorganism which are causing harmful disease Different test performed are • Test performed by ELISA technique a. Hepatitis B,C , b. Rheheumatoid arthritis (RF FACTOR ) c. Treponemapallidiumhaemagglutination test (TPHA) • Test performed by latex test a. CRP ( C reactive protein test ) b. ASO(anti - streptolysin o ) • Flocculation method Veneral disease research laboratory (VDRL) is the flocculation test. It is simple rapid convenient and economical procedure for serologic testing for syphilis • Culture a. Pus culture b. CSF or body fluid culture c. Blood culture • Media preparation • Staining • Sensitivity •...
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...MSE is the mean square error value. When MSE becomes zero, PSNR becomes infinity. Structural Similarity Index Measure The Structural Similarity (SSIM) Index is the quality metric between the original input image and the noise corrupted image by measuring the similarity between the two images. It is developed by Wang et al [ ] that describes the quality perception of the image. SSIM considers the image degradation to be the perceived change in the structural information where the pixel depends on the spatial properties. SSIM is designed to model any image distortion involving three factors such as loss of correlation, luminance distortion and contrast distortion [ ]. The SSIM is defined as SSIM( f,g ) = l( f,g ) c( f,g ) s( f,g ) (9) l(f,g )= (2μ_f μ_g+C_1)/(μ_f^2+μ_g^2+C_1 ) (10) c(f,g )= (2σ_f σ_g+C_2)/(σ_f^2+σ_g^2+C_2 ) (11) s(f,g )= (σ_fg+C_3)/(σ_f σ_g+C_3 ) (12) The first, second, third is the luminance ,contrast, structure comparison function respectively and the constants C_1,C_2,C_3 are used to avoid the null denominator. The PSNR and the SSIM differs in their degree of sensitivity of the corrupted image. ...
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...Explanation:. Suppose the cheat may be overtaken x hrs following 2. 30 p. M. Then, separation secured Toward those manager On (x - 1/2) hrs. 60x = 75(x - 1/2) => x = 5/2 hrs. So, those cheat is overtaken during 5 p. M. 105. The separation between two urban communities a Furthermore b will be 330 km. An prepare begins starting with An during 8 An. M. Furthermore goes towards b at 60 km/hr. An additional train begins starting with b at 9 a. M. And goes towards An toward 75 km/hr. In what t. A. 10 An. M b. 10. 30 a. M. C. 11 a. M d. 11. 30 An. M. Address & illustration. Reply: c. Explanation:. Assume they meet x hrs then afterward 8 a. M. Then,. (Distance moved by To begin with in x hrs) + [Distance moved by second On (x - 1) hrs] = 330. 60x + 75(x - 1) = 330 => x = 3. So, they meet toward (8 + 3) i. E. , 11 An. M. 106. The running track in a sports mind boggling will be 726 m to perimeter. Deepak Also as much wife start from those same perspective Furthermore stroll done inverse headings toward 4. 5 km/hr Also 3. 75 km/hr separately. They will help. An. 4. 9 min b. 5. 28 min. C. 5. 5 min d. 6 min. Reply & demonstration. Reply: b. Explanation:. Clearly, the two will meet when they need aid 726 m separated. To be (4. 5 + 3. 75) = 8. 25 km apart, they take 1 hour. Should a chance to be 726 m apart, they detract (100/825 * 726/1000) hrs = (242/2750 * 60) min = 5. 28 min. 107. Two autos p Furthermore Q begin at the same the long haul from An and b which need aid 120 km separated. If those...
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...ITT Technical Institute IS3340 Windows Security Onsite Course SYLLABUS Credit hours: 4.5 Contact/Instructional hours: 60 (30 Theory Hours, 30 Lab Hours) Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisite: NT2580 Introduction to Information Security or equivalent Course Description: This course examines security implementations for a variety of Windows platforms and applications. Areas of study include analysis of the security architecture of Windows systems. Students will identify and examine security risks and apply tools and methods to address security issues in the Windows environment. Windows Security Syllabus Where Does This Course Belong? This course is required for the Bachelor of Science in Information Systems Security program. This program covers the following core areas: Foundational Courses Technical Courses BSISS Project The following diagram demonstrates how this course fits in the program: IS4799 NT2799 IS4670 ISC Capstone Project Capstone ProjectCybercrime Forensics NSA NT2580 NT2670 Introduction to Information Security IS4680 IS4560 NT2580 NT2670 Email and Web Services Hacking and Introduction to Security Auditing for Compliance Countermeasures Information Security Email and Web Services NT1230 NT1330 Client-Server Client-Server Networking I Networking II IS3230 IS3350 NT1230 NT1330 Issues Client-Server Client-Server SecurityContext in Legal Access Security Networking I Networking II NT1110...
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