...Ethics in the Public Relations Industry There are a wide range of complex definitions applied to the practice of ‘Public Relations’, the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) for example has a full page statement outlining the profession (PRSA website1), as well as the definition formally adopted during the PRSA 1982 National Assembly “Public Relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other” (PRSA website2). For the purposes of this discussion however I plan to use the definition as outlined in the PRINZ Constitution and Rules (PRINZ Constitution): “Public relations practice shall be defined as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding and excellent communications between an organisation and its publics” With this in mind it would appear that upholding principals such as honesty, independence and fairness to be a simple task; however when financial or employment pressures change the practice from “establish and maintain mutual understanding” to more selfish ‘profit driven’ and organisation centric views, ethical challengers arise. The modern business environment is fertile ground for unethical behaviour. There is an overwhelming emphasis on profit among many (certainly not all) large organisations. Looking at the prevalence of this ethos, particularly when combined with the short-term rewards that one may gain through less ethical actions, it is certainly not hard to understand how many...
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...Describe relational databases in detail. Why do we mostly use relational databases in the industry? A relational database consists of a collection of tables in which each is assigned a unique name. The tables represent both data and the relationship among those data. In each table you find multiple columns and each column has a unique name. A relation is a two-dimensional table in which the following attributes, entries in a table are single-valued; each location contains a single value. Each column has its own distinct name and the values in each column must match the column name. The columns order is immaterial, and each row is distinct with the order of rows is immaterial. Relational databases are used today because of its simplicity, which eases the job of the programmer, compared to earlier data models such as network or the hierarchical model. A relational database can be seen as the data handling part of another application. The application instructs the database to perform searches, as well as add, delete and modify data via the Structured Query Language or SQL. The SQL standard is supported by all major database vendors, but the implementation of the full standard in all cases is not a guarantee. The common workhorse functions are the same in most cases. Databases change over time as information is inserted and deleted. The collection of information stored in the database at a particular moment is called an instance of the database. The overall design of the database...
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...ISO CASE STUDY Broadway Cafe AUTHORS Julio Romero Zapata – Student ID 3031203 Amanthi Wijeyekoon – Student ID 3037866 Clara Chong – Student ID 3047408 Tina Swaker – Student ID 121271 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Assumptions 2 1.2 Where to from here 3 1.3 Use of Groupware tool 3 2 Competitive Advantage 4 2.1 Making business decisions I – Porter’s Five Forces & Generic Strategy 4 2.2 Making business decisions II – Customer Order Process 5 3 Customer Relationship Management 7 3.1 Making business decisions II - CRM 7 3.1.1 Extended Strategy 8 3.1.2 New Technologies 8 4 Business Intelligence 9 4.1 Making business decisions II 9 5 Systems Development 14 5.1 Making business decisions II – PYT Business Requirement 14 6 Bibliography 15 Appendix B – PYT Business Requirement for New Payroll System 16 Appendix C - Groupware Tools 20 Figures Figure 1: As-is Broadway Cafe Rich Picture 2 Figure 2: Broadway Cafe Alters Diagram 3 Figure 3: The Broadway Café Five Forces model 4 Figure 4: Customer Ordering Process 6 Figure 5. As-Is payroll system 14 Figure 6. Flow chart payroll system 17 Figure 7: Team ISO Groupware Home Page 20 Tables Table 1: YouTube Pros and Cons 7 Table 2. Comparison of Spreadsheet and Databases 11 Table 3. Wikispaces advantages & disadvantages 20 Introduction This case study addresses the following information systems (IS)...
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...Booking Assessment Using SMS Technologies Report November, 2013 Table of Contents 1. Abstract 3 2. Introducion 4 3. Objective 6 4. Scope. 7 5. Assumptions 8 6. Mandatory/Optional Dependencies 9 6.1 Proposal and Customer 9 6.2 Proposal and Invoice 9 6.3 Proposal and Work order 9 6.4 Work order and Work assignment 10 6.5 Work order and Task 10 6.6 Work Assignment and Employee 11 6.7 Work assignment and Materials 11 6.8 Work Assignment and Employee 12 7. M: N Relationships 13 7.1 Work_Assignment and Employee 13 7.2 Work_Assignment and Materials 13 7.3 Work_Order and Tasks 13 8. All possible tables of the ER Design 14 9. Why we need ER Diagram for the Scenario 18 10. Why we used relational model rather than using the hierarchical model 19 10.1 Hierarchical Model 19 10.2 Relational Model 19 10.3 Why we used Relational Database 19 11. Suggestions for the Improvements 21 12. Importance of the Database Modeling phase in a Database Development Project 22 12.1 Modeling Steps 22 12.2 Database Deigning Process 22 * Abstract Short Message Technology (SMS) is commonly used among the students modern world as it is a reliable mobile technology. Thus, to simplify the process of assignment booking and to save time SMS technology can be used effectively. In this project, the development of an SMS based assignment booking system is presented. Using the SMS interface, students would be able to send requests for time...
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...1. a) What is a database? A database is an organized collection of related data. b) How does an RDBMS store data? An RDBMS stores related data in tables. 2. What is one benefit of dividing data into tables? Dividing data into tables eliminates unnecessary data duplication, or data redundancy. 3. a) What is a database schema? A database schema is a description of the data and the organization of the data into tables in a relational database. b) Explain the considerations for dividing data into related groups. Considerations for dividing data into related groups includes grouping information so that there is little or no data redundancy. However, each table must have data related to at least one other table, which will require data duplication. This is not considered data redundancy. A table with no relationship to any another table does not belong in the database. 4. a) What is a field? A column in a table. Used to store data. b) Explain why a field that stores more than one piece of data is considered poor design. A field that stores more than one piece of data limits the sorting and searching capabilities of the database. 5. List four guidelines to follow when choosing field names. 1. Make field names unique. 2. Choose...
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...level language to realize some specific functions, don’t need to debug or testing the application functions, therefore DBMS reduces development time.In DBMS, the data model, which is called schema, for example relational, we can have entities and attributes, indexing and statistics and so on. We can think DBMS is working as a data dictionary because it is a relation that has all the relations and all the relations has all the attributes. DBMS has an efficient way to store and retrieve related data. There are many ways to compute the query, however, there must be a best way to do it. DBMS has unique techniques to read and return data users need. The insert, delete and modify operations of DBMS is very convenient for users to use. DBMS can help to find the best way to minimize the cost of computing. That’s why DBMS is considered query optimizing.DBMS is integrity constraints because it defines rules to describe the how data stored in the database system. If there is some data that does not obey the rule, it is not belong tothis database. Each set of data item is independent (there is a primary key for each item), and the relations are dependent.When there are multiple users using the same database, they are interrupting the execution of one query to each other if there is no way to solve it. DBMS solves the problem by making transactions one at a time. We can think DBMS is working for one user at one time. By this way, even if there are many users doing some operations to the same...
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...Mustang Music Case Analysis Date: 12/11/2011 Group 6 Mustang Music is a music store. Its president and chief executive officer (CEO) is Arthur Weber. He “graduated from a well-known performing arts conservatory with a master’s degree in music, double majoring in classical guitar and composition.” He opened the store three years ago. Weber’s emerging vision was not merely to operate a music store and earn a living. Mustang Music’s strategy from the start concentrated more on quality of its services and the richness of its product. Weber “wanted to provide a world-class musical education and high quality instruments to the general population and perhaps in the process, help to identify and develop the next gifted Hendrix,” Santana, Joe Satriani or even Keith Richards. With the perfect combination of store location, effective promotional style and great customer relationship building skills, Weber was successful in achieving his vision that he set for himself and for Mustang Music. The store has three zones: retail showroom, five small-soundproofed classrooms and office area. Its classroom setup was well planned and organized which provided great convenience not only to its customers, but also to the employees. The environment was built on such that it motivated not only the students that participated in its music, but also their parents, thereby, encouraging them to create long term commitment to its institution to deliver excellent tuition in music and to generate...
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...Database What is a database system? A database is can be thought of as an electronic file cabinet where everything is placed in it that needs to be remembered or to be documented for future referencing and where what you put in is exactly what you get out. In other words, a database holds everything that is important for you work or home. It is your e-filing cabinet. (Shenron, 2008) A database keeps important information for any future work close to hand so that the access of this information is almost instant without the hassle of paperwork or manual filing. This type of electronic data storage is very useful for users who are accessing the data from a network or shared drive. This allows users on the same network to have access to all the information at the same time without loss of data. Working for the State of Alaska as a Title 36 (public construction) Accounting Technician is very challenging as Alaska is a very big state and the requirements for this position are many and varied. One of the responsibilities is the management of the public construction database. This database holds all data on any public construction (over $2,000) in the state. The information is about the prime contractors, awarded state projects, the state agencies, who bid out the projects, and the projects themselves. Without the use of a database, there would be no reasonable way to track all the information that is required by this state office such as monthly reports, investigator reports, tracking...
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...versions, and license agreements • Track software requests from users to determine if a copy of the software is available and if is it is something that should be purchased. Preliminary Timeline: 1. Gathering Data – This task will consist of gathering all the information needed to complete the task. Time allotted: 3 weeks Deliverable: A list of the locations of the computers needing to have the software installed to track the software. 2. Analyzing Data – The data gathered will be used to analyze to determine the business rules and needs. Time allotted: 2 weeks Deliverable: List of business rules 3. Normalization – The data model will be completed with computers that need the software. Time allotted: 1 week Deliverable: Entity relation diagram for review 4. Building the physical database – The data model will be translated. Tables containing columns with the computers and machines that need the tracking software. Time allotted: 3 days Deliverable: The schema of the database for review. 5. Testing and Security – Do a sample data and each of the computers and machines will be tested. General database security and software will be tested. Time allotted: 3 weeks Deliverable: Documented test results...
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...Address the uses of the Amazon.com® database; possible data management issues; and the relationship amongst Amazon®’s data, information, and knowledge. Amazon is a one of the most amazing Internet sellers of used and new books that have been competitive with Borders. Amazon.com gives and present discounted books at different prices, but with true understanding of the seller and customer. The one company to have the largest product information databases in the world is Amazon. Amazon database contains more than thousands of customers, sellers, products and orders, which can be in the millions. The data of Amazon contains data information of payment transactions and type, browsing histories, and referrers. Most of the products that Amazon contains would be the price information from sellers, review, and the ranking. Customers and consumers uses the database of Amazon to read reviews to exam products, compare prices and use research tools to purchase products from the website. Issues with Amazon can occur with data management issue with using different versions of the product (Milliot 2003). . I notice that Amazon does give he or she a chance to review books online before making a purchase and also allow them to read reviews. Amazon sells various editions of books from textbooks to novels. Amazon’s data are the effects of any transactions in inventory, sale transactions, and information about the seller and about the buyer. Most consumers compare...
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...a) What is a database? A database is an organized collection of related data. b) How does an RDBMS store data? An RDBMS stores related data in tables. 2. What is one benefit of dividing data into tables? Dividing data into tables eliminates unnecessary data duplication, or data redundancy. 3. a) What is a database schema? A database schema is a description of the data and the organization of the data into tables in a relational database. b) Explain the considerations for dividing data into related groups. Considerations for dividing data into related groups includes grouping information so that there is little or no data redundancy. However, each table must have data related to at least one other table, which will require data duplication. This is not considered data redundancy. A table with no relationship to any another table does not belong in the database. 4. a) What is a field? A column in a table. Used to store data. b) Explain why a field that stores more than one piece of data is considered poor design. A field that stores more than one piece of data limits the sorting and searching capabilities of the database. 5. List four guidelines to follow when choosing field names. 1. Make field names unique. 2. Choose the shortest possible...
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...University of Phoenix Material Database Records and Relational Data Worksheet Complete Parts A and B of this worksheet. Cite any outside sources consistent with APA guidelines. Part A: Database Records l Answer the following patient information questions using the table provided. Refer to figure 4-10 on p. 83 of Health Information Technology and Management for assistance. 1. What patient resides in California? What is the patient number? Sofia Yakaria Pallares live in California. Her patient number is 10259. 2. Who is the provider of Sofia Yakaria Pallares? What credentials does her provider have? Sofia’s provider is Ruth Ann Raymond, her credentials are; MD. 3. What patient was seen on 11/05/2010? What is the patient’s date of birth? John Peters was seen on 11/05/2010. His date of birth is 5/25/1965. 4. What date and time did patient #1298 visit the doctor’s office? What is the patient’s name and date of birth? Lucy Ann Johnson was born on 6/12/1975. She was seen by a doctor on 06/04/2011 5. What patient lives in 1704 N. Atlantic Ave Ontario, AZ 85320? What is its encounter number? John Peters lives on 1704 N. Atlantic Ave in Ontario, AZ. His encounter number is 111218. Patient Info Table | Pat# | Last_Name | First_Name | Middle_Name | Birthdate | 10259 | Pallares | Sofia | Yakaria | 9/18/1985 | 30528 | Peters | John | | 5/25/1965 | 1298 | Johnson | Lucy | Ann | 6/12/1975 | Patient Address Table | Pat# | Address | City...
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...BIT 200 FINAL STUDY GUIDE • What is the difference between data and information: o Data is a set of discrete, objective facts about events. In an organizational context, data is most usefully described as structured records of transactions. o Information is a message to change the way the receiver perceives something to have an impact on his or her judgment or behavior. • Ex. Your doctor tells you are on the verge of being obese. If you do not want to increase your risk of heart disease or diabetes, then you need to change your eating habits. • What are the reference disciplines in information systems: o Computer Science- Computer Science is the discipline that seeks to build a scientific foundation for topics like computer design, computer programming, information processing, algorithmic solutions or problems, and the algorithmic process itself. o Management Science-The discipline using math and other analyzed methods to help make better decisions in business. Field includes- decision analysis, probability, and math modeling. • Management Science body of knowledge – uses quantitative approaches to decision making and is referred to as management science, operations research, and decisions science. • What do processors do: o A processor interprets computer program instructions and processes data. • Moore’s Law- Moore’s Law state that processor speeds will double every 18 months • The different kinds of storage memory are: kilobyte, megabyte, gugabyte, terabyte...
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...Relational Databases Jason A. Mizener Professor Merkel Intro to Information Technology 17 August 2014 Relational Databases As technology as grown throughout the years, so has the information it utilizes. Early on databases were organized through the hierarchical model, which was the earliest representation of the parent-child structure (each parent can have multiple children, but each child can only have one parent). Shortly thereafter the network database model was incorporated to more effectively represent complex data relationships. Large amounts of data became better organized, which improved database performance. Additionally, the parent-child structure was improved to where children could now have multiple parents. Despite these advances, databases continued to grow increasingly cumbersome and complex, and further advances were necessary to keep everything manageable. The relational database, designed in 1970 by E. F. Codd, represented a major breakthrough in database technology for both designers and users alike. The relational model is very simple, yet very effective in concept. As strange as it may be to think, the relational database pioneered the concept of using tables to hold and organize data. An Excel spreadsheet is probably the most obvious example of a relational database that the end user can relate to today. Essentially, a relational database is the logical view, rather than the physical view, of information. (Carlos Coronel, 2013) ...
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...Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Document Conventions 1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions 1.4 Project Scope 1.5 References 2. Overall Description 2.1 Product Perspective 2.2 Product Features 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics 2.4 Operating Environment 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies 3. System Features 4. External Interface Requirements 4.1 User Interfaces 4.2 Hardware Interfaces 4.3 Software Interfaces 4.4 Communications Interfaces 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements 5.1 Performance Requirements 5.2 Safety Requirements 5.3 Security Requirements 5.4 Software Quality Attributes 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this document is to provide the software requirement specification report for the airline database. 1.2 DOCUMENT CONVENTIONS |DB |Data base | |DDB |Distributed Data base | |ER |Entity relationship | 1.3 INTENDED AUDIENCE AND READING SUGGESTIONS ...
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