...Catheter associated urinary tract infection Introduction: A urinary tract infection is an infection, most commonly caused by E. coli, of either the lower or upper urinary tract. Urinary tract infections are the most common hospital acquired infection and the majority of the urinary tract infections acquired are associated with an indwelling urinary catheter. Recently, hospitals and other healthcare facilities have taken a special interest in the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections which is likely due to recent healthcare reforms. Facilities will usually have to cover the cost of any hospital acquired catheter associated urinary tract infection, hence why most facilities now have strict guidelines to prevent CAUTI. CAUTI not only is a financial problem for healthcare facilities but it is also a serious problem for the health of their patients. CAUTI increases mortality and morbidity on those who acquire it. The CDC has published a guideline to prevent CAUTI. CAUTI statistics: * Accounts for 36% of all hospital acquired infections * 10% mortality rate with 13000 associated deaths annually * It increases the length of a patient’s stay at the hospital to about 2-4 days on average * Urinary catheters are used on about 60-90% of the patients on an ICU * About 40-50% of urinary catheters do not have a valid indication for use * The risk of getting a UTI while catheterized increases about 3-10% daily, so by day 30 you will have...
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...Case Study Name: Marissa D. Jose Instructor: Dr. Linda Joyce Gunn, CPHRM Course title: AFT2 Accreditation Audit Name of institution: Western Governor University Current Compliance Status for Infection Prevention and Control 1. Commission Standard: Infection Investigation/Identification Recently the hospital implements preventing spread of Infection. The hospital has a successful framework for controlling the spread of infection and/or outbreaks among patients/clients, employees, physician, volunteers, students, and visitors. Identification and managing infections at the time of a client’s admission to the hospital and throughout their stay are the critical aspects of the infection prevention and control program, in addition to subsequent renowned infection control practices while providing care. In the hospital’s admission process, there are numerous ways to investigate, control, and prevent infections in the hospital setting, decides what procedures, such as isolation, should be applied to an individual client; and maintains a record of incidents and corrective actions related to infections. This process includes taking the patient’s history of infection, previous hospitalization, current diagnosis, and presence of draining wound, among others. During the health screening process, the hospital also ensures that the patient gets help from the right staff. Immediately the patient checks into the Nightingale...
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...URINARY TRACT INFECTION Elizabeth Quartey Abstract According to the CDC estimates in 2002 there were 1.7 million Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), and 99,000 HAI- associated deaths in the hospital. The report stated that the four largest categories of HAI, responsible for more than 80% of all reported HAI, are central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI, 14%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, 15%), surgical site infections (SSI, 22%), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI, 32%). HAI are a great financial costs to health care facilities. The Centers for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the medical cost of HAI in the U.S. hospitals as $6.65 billion in 2007, and that number has increased to almost $10 billion a year currently. Statement and Significance of the Problem One in 20 patients who are admitted to a hospital will be a victim to an infectious agent they are exposed to during their hospitalization according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (Goodman, Brenda, 201, Hospital-Acquired Infections cost $10 Billion a year). The five most common infections are surgical site infections, infections associated with the use of devices like central lines, catheters, ventilators and clostridium dificile are costing the health care System in the USA almost $10 billion a year to treat. In the article Vitamin D has the potential to reduce the risk of Hospital-Acquired Infections, the writer...
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...Quality Improvement Strategies (Vol. 6: Prevention of Healthcare–Associated Infections)" under the head Quality Improvement and Patient Safety What is Accountability? In Fundamentals of Nursing it says “The ability and willingness to assume responsibility for ones’ actions and accepting the consequences of one's behavior.” Accountability of nursing professional is a legal obligation; for a professional nurse it is relating to ethics and moral responsibility. Within the kingdom of professional accountability, there are many factors. The American Nursing Association (ANA) states in its code that the nurse will assume accountability for nursing judgment and actions. A professional nurse has the responsibility to take decisions and practice within the scope of care, calling upon his/her information and skills to make judgments in favor of the patient. A professional nurse is accountable to their profession, their patients, employer, and other health care team members and to themselves. Nurses are accountable to provide safest care for their patient based on evidence based practice and safe nursing interventions. Nursing profession as a whole is build up on accountability, unselfishness, integrity and social justice. A professional nurse who take decisions and practice on the basis of those ethical values will always be in favor of the patient, no matter what is his/her professional level. Methods The Healthcare-associated infections. In a patient care situation as a...
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...Communication Techniques in a Professional Setting Media Project October 27, 2012 Facts on Diversity MRSA infections can affect anyone of any age, race, culture, and socio-economic status. However there is a higher incidence in people in areas of poverty, mainly because of poor hygiene practices and people over 65 years of age. High risk venue can include gyms, correctional facilities, and anywhere conditions exist that include close skin to skin contact, people with poor hygiene, and overcrowded living conditions (CDC, 2010). Treatments The treatment for skin infections is drainage of wounds with purulent drainage as well as antimicrobial medications. Obtaining wound and blood cultures are recommended to ensure proper antimicrobial therapy. It is also very important to teach patients not to attempt to drain wounds themselves, and to return if the infection worsens without improvement over 48 hours after treatment is started. As a health care provider it is your responsibility to be familiar with MRSA. Educating the community as well as the patients you treat is the key to prevention. * Proper hand washing techniques. * Avoid contact with other people’s wounds such as skin to skin contact and towels. * Disinfect all exercise equipment before use. * Only prescribing necessary antimicrobials. * Teaching patients to wash clothes in warm or hot water as well as drying clothes in a dryer and not air drying because heat kill bacteria...
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...Bioterrorism/Disaster 2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: Name and Credentials of Teacher Estimated Time Teaching Will Last: 30mins Location of Teaching: Our Lady of Perpetual Help Parish Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed: Paper handouts Estimated Cost: None Community and Target Aggregate: Catholic community, CCD class of 5th graders and 2 adults to monitor discussion Topic: Primary Prevention/Health Promotion, Hand washing Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (statistics related to topic): Hand-washing with soap &water could reduce diarrheal disease up to 50 %( World Health Organization, 2001). Hand washing can reduce the risk of respiratory infections by 16% Using alcohol hand sanitizers in classrooms provided a reduction in absenteeism due to infection by 19.8% among 16 elementary schools and 6,000 students (Hammond, et al 2000). Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Infection R/T 1. Age 2. Lack of awareness Readiness for Learning: Identify the factors that would indicate the readiness to learn for the target aggregate. Include emotional and experiential readiness to learn. 1. Showing up to class to discuss topic 2. Participating and asking questions on hand washing and prevention of infections 3. Listening to presentation and demonstrating the correct technique. Learning Theory to Be Utilized: Explain how the theory...
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...prevalence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in our hemodialysis clinic and to implement measures to reduce or prevent these infections. Catheter-related bloodstream infections create a cascade of potential serious health problems. These infections not only create a major challenge for the patient, but the health care professionals taking of the patient and subsequently the organization...
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...among the organizations that are classified as follows: 1. Cause Analysis Tools: includes Fishbone, Pareto, and Scattered Diagram. 2. Evaluation and Decision Making Tool: Decision Matrix, Multivoting. 3. Process Analysis Tool: includes Flow chart, Failure Mode Effects Analysis, Mistake-proofing and Spaghetti Diagram. 4. Data Collection and Analysis Tools: box and whisker plot, check sheet, control chart, Design of experiments, Histogram, Scatter Diagram, Stratification, and Survey. 5. Idea Creation Tools: Affinity Diagram, Benchmarking, Brainstorming, Nominal Group Technique. 6. Project Planning and Implementation Tool: Gantt Chart, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle or Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle. 7. Seven New Management and Planning Tools: Affinity Diagram, Relations Diagram, Tree Diagram, Matrix Diagram, Matrix Data Analysis, Arrow Diagram, Process Decision Program Chart. Quality tools & techniques use statistical knowledge to accumulate data and analyze them. It serves diverse range of medical, computing, industrial, telecommunications and defense. These tools drive improvement throughout the organization. Employee has to at all levels has to master the fundamental Quality skills and advanced Quality tools. This is critical to improve the organization process. These tools helps to improve company’s business management, organization’s performance and increase the global recognition of the company so it would be able to compete on both domestic and world market. ...
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...Preventing Hospital Associated Infections April Shannon Walden University NURS 4000 Section 04, Research and Scholarship for Evidence-Based Practice November 18, 2012 Change in Practice: Preventing Hospital Associated Infections Benjamin Franklin was quoted as saying “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” With the increasing costs of healthcare and the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms this truth still resonates today. Hospital associated infections (HAIs), have been a complication in hospitals for many years. The purpose of this assignment is to address this problem in nursing practice, and discuss evidence on practices that will address this issue. The problem Hospital associated infections (HAIs) can be defined as an infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection. An infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other healthcare facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infections among staff of the facility (central line associated bloodstream infections, catheter associated urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, ventilator associated pneumonia, etc.) (World Health Organization, 2002). HAI’s have become one of the leading caused of hospital related deaths in the United States. However, these infections have been proven to be...
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...Primary Prevention: Handwashing Education September 17, 2015 Primary Prevention: Handwashing Education Preventing a health problem before it occurs is a major goal of healthcare today. Health promotion, specifically primary prevention, is used to accomplish prevention of health problems, such as infections, before they occur (Institute for Work and Health, n.d.). “This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur” (Institute for Work and Health, n.d., para. 1). Providing communities with health education is the best way to satisfy primary prevention, and thus prevent an illness or disease from occurring. In order to provide appropriate education, the nurse must first assess a community of interest, and determine what health issues require the most attention. The nurse can then create a teaching plan to assist the community in preventing the identified health risk. This writer assessed the Harry Hoag Elementary School third grade class community in Fort Plain, NY. Based on the community assessment findings, handwashing education was determined to be the topic of focus for the Harry Hoag Elementary School third grade class. The community assessment, the epidemiologic reason for this topic, the teaching plan, and evaluation of the experience require a closer look. * Fort Plain is a small...
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...Community Hospital is to establish a comprehensive Infection Control Program to ensure that the hospital has processes in place to minimize/eliminate the risk of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) B. The Infection Control Program at this hospital incorporates the following on an ongoing basis: i. Surveillance/identification, prevention/control, and reporting of infections throughout the hospital not limited to patients, employees, or physicians focusing on Nosocomial Infections (Endogenous infections and cross contamination infections) 1. Nosocomial Infections: known as hospital acquired infections are infections are not presenting at the time of admission but develop over the course of stay. a. Endogenous: the patient already has the infection at the time of admission minus the signs/symptoms of such infection but resistance lowers over course of stay and infection presents b. Cross Contamination: patient becomes infected while staying in the hospital by coming in contact with infective agents subsequently developing an infection ii. Evaluate and monitor the results of changes made 2. Continually edit procedures and policies as needed iii. Select and implement best techniques to minimize negative outcomes 3. Separate the infection source from the rest of the hospital (aspetic techniques included) 4. Cut off any further...
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...recent nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year. In your report, categorize the different parameters (i.e., person, time, place, ethnicity, and gender) used in the compilation of data into the nformation summative. Currently at the Good Health Hospital, there’s a nosocomial outbreak of E. coli on Ward 10 on the second floor. Four cases have been identified so far linked to spoil food from the cafeteria, with two more cases pending. After meeting with chief administrator Joe Wellborn, one patient could possibly been symptomatic with the bacteria prior to admission. Parameters discussion below: * Person: 4 identified cases. (1. Male, age 23), (2. Female, age 21), (Male, age 15), and (Female, age 42). * Place: Good Health Hospital, Ward 10, second floor; Good Health Hospital cafeteria. Also research has indicated that other area hospitals around Tampa Bay has been contaminated with E. coli as well. * Time: Within the past week. Propose at least six (6) questions for the health care administrator at Good Health Hospital, regarding potential litigation issues with infections from the nosocomial diseases. Rationalize, in your report, the logic behind your six (6) questions. Traditionally, nosocomial infections have generally been viewed as an unavoidable risk of hospitalization. Where this risk materialized, the infections were typically benign and treatable (Kleinpell, 2011). Even where the consequences of nosocomial infections were severe, legal...
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...Behavior is multifaceted and complex, stemming from a response to factors that are outside a purely ‘scientific’ understanding of infection and not simply understood as a deficit in knowledge. These call for educational interventions that consider beliefs, values and social understanding of pathogens and infection (Jackson, et al). It is not enough to have knowledge about the prevention of healthcare-acquired infections, but also the correct approach towards the right actions that are focused on patient safety. As far back as 1860, Florence Nightingale emphasized the importance of hygiene, cleanliness and standards of care, yet despite this, infections in hospitals and other healthcare settings continue to be a major concern for health services (Department of Health, (DH), 2009). In spite of recognizing the importance of hand washing in reducing transmission of microorganisms, compliance by healthcare professionals is often poor and protective equipment is not always used appropriately (Jackson, et al). Part of the problem is that healthcare workers are not always aware of the fields of contamination that surround them and inadvertently carry pathogens on their person and potentially go on the infect patients. While hand hygiene is certainly a crucial measure to prevent healthcare acquired infections, evidence suggests that transmission and infection occur as a result of additional unsafe movements during care. Researchers with extensive experience in human factors and observations...
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...Central Venous Line Infection Eileen D. Ibanez Medical Careers Institute Introduction Central venous access devices are used to administer chemotherapy, long-term antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, fluids and blood transfusion therapy. It is used for treatment of patients requiring long-term treatment for various health care disorders (WebMd, n.d.). Central venous catheters can also increase the risk of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, which in turn will increase the length of hospital stay, total costs of care and risk of mortality (Hatler, Buckwald, Salas-Allison & Murphy-Taylor, 2009). The lack of use in consistent protocols for central venous access devices accrue an approximately 250,000 bloodstream infections in U.S hospitals yearly (Hatler et al., 2009). An estimated 90,000 deaths a year result from these bloodstream infections associated with intravascular catheters (Hatler et al., 2009). The health care system averages $25,000 to $40,000 per incidence (Mathers, 2011). The identification of proper and/or improper practice and application of evidence-based practice protocols is essential to keeping catheter patency and prevention of infections. Definition of Topic Stated by the authors of Evidence-based Practice to Reduce Central Line Infections, “a catheter related blood stream infection is defined as a positive blood culture with clinical or microbiologic evidence that strongly implicates the catheter as the source of infection” (Render et al., 2006...
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...such infection ? To prevent and to control the spread of infection is primary in the health care settings. It begins by believing that everybody is very much infectious therefore, its everybody's responsibility to prevent and control the spread of infection. Healthcare workers have a guidelines on how to prevent and control the spread of infection when providing care for all hospitalised individuals in healthcare. Workplaces are obliged under the Occupational health and safety Act (2004) to provide a safe work place by training the staff the infection control procedures, instructing them to use the right equipment or techniques to prevent infections from spreading over. Every health worker plays a big role to minimise the transmission of infection by following the workplace infection control procedures. Standard precaution, additional precaution, sharp safety, exposure policy, staff vaccination, single use policy and waste management policy are a principle that break the chain of infection. This essay outlines the concept of occupational health and the control measure implemented to prevent such infection. Berman et all. (2012) states that Standard precaution is work practice required technique to be used by healthcare workers to minimise the spread of micro-organism. Standard precaution includes good hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment(PPE), appropriate handling and disposal of sharps and other contaminate waste, and use of aseptic techniques. Berman...
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