...Formal and Informal Networks Within the System Kara Cook-Tate Walden University There are so many resources available for the human service worker and their clients. Having the knowledge about these resources is the determining factor of whether it’s going to make you or break you. You have to have set goals in mind. Dedicate the time it takes to research and network. Figure out what will and won’t work for each individual client. Some of the resources available will work for some but not necessarily for everyone. As I read through Chapter 8 in our text, I started to finally see a much bigger picture than what I was expecting. I know the job is going to be difficult within itself, but that’s exactly what I’m hoping for. When I’m not really interested in something, I get bored and lazy and start to procrastinate and not give it my all. School is a prime example. It’s tedious and I loathe it. I achieve the minimum just to get by. With this job, there are so many avenues to explore and discover. I’m also a busy body and love to stick my nose in other peoples’ business. This is why this is the perfect job for me. According to the CASA case study there are a lot of formal networks being utilized. Since CASA is a non-profit agency, let’s take a look at the top of the list for the formal networks. The agency has to get its funding from somewhere. So where should we turn to for that? There is state or federal funding, and then charity as in donations, fund-raising...
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...Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart by David Krackhardt and Jeff Hanson Harvard Business Review Reprint 93406 This document is authorized for use only in SP 2016 B66 OB 565 Leading Change by Ray Sparrowe, Olin Business School from December 2015 to June 2016. This document is authorized for use only in SP 2016 B66 OB 565 Leading Change by Ray Sparrowe, Olin Business School from December 2015 to June 2016. HarvardBusinessReview JULY-AUGUST 1993 Reprint Number RICHARD NORMANN AND RAFAEL RAMIREZ FROM VALUE CHAIN TO VALUE CONSTELLATION: DESIGNING INTERACTIVE STRATEGY 93408 DAVID A. GARVIN BUILDING A LEARNING ORGANIZATION 93402 GEORGE STALK, JR. AND ALAN M. WEBBER JAPAN’S DARK SIDE OF TIME 93409 DAVID KRACKHARDT AND JEFF HANSON INFORMAL NETWORKS: THE COMPANY BEHIND THE CHART 93406 BARBARA PRESLEY NOBLE REINVENTING LABOR: AN INTERVIEW WITH UNION PRESIDENT LYNN WILLIAMS 93410 ROBERT KELLEY AND JANET CAPLAN HOW BELL LABS CREATES STAR PERFORMERS 93405 HBR CASE STUDY IS THIS THE RIGHT TIME TO COME OUT? 93411 WORLD VIEW MANAGING RISKS IN MEXICO 93403 JOSEPH M. JURAN FIRST PERSON MADE IN U.S.A.: A RENAISSANCE IN QUALITY 93404 NANCY A. NICHOLS IN QUESTION WHATEVER HAPPENED TO ROSIE THE RIVETER? 93407 PERSPECTIVES IS THE DEFICIT A FRIENDLY GIANT AFTER ALL? 93401 ALISTAIR D. WILLIAMSON LAURENCE HECHT AND PETER MORICI This document is authorized for use...
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...------------------------------------------------- Informal organization The informal organization is the interlocking social structure that governs how people work together in practice. It is the aggregate of, norms, personal and professional connections through which work gets done and relationships are built among people who share a common organizational affiliation or cluster of affiliations. It consists of a dynamic set of personal relationships, social networks, communities of common interest, and emotional sources of motivation. The informal organization evolves, and the complex social dynamics of its members. Tended effectively, the informal organization complements the more explicit structures, plans, and processes of the formal organization: it can accelerate and enhance responses to unanticipated events, foster innovation, enable people to solve problems that require collaboration across boundaries, and create footpaths showing where the formal organization may someday need to pave a way. Contents * 1 The informal organization and the formal organization * 2 Functions of informal organizations * 2.1 Perpetuate the cultural and social values * 2.2 Provide social status and satisfaction * 2.3 Promote communication among members * 2.4 Provide social control * 3 Disadvantages of informal groups * 3.1 Resistance to change * 3.2 Role conflict * 3.3 Rumor * 3.4 Conformity * 4 Benefits of the informal organization * 4.1 Blend...
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...CHAPTER 2 A review of related literature and studies, both local and foreign which are relevant in reinforcing the conceptual framework of reference on which this study is anchored, are contained in this chapter. Foreign Studies A recent study was conducted by the Direct Marketing Association (DMA) on the issue of Direct Marketing as a Global Industry. The potential reward are great, and direct marketers continue to venture outside the bounderies of thier native countries. The DMA estimates that Japans’ catalog market was worth $21 Billion in 1996 and that there are 500 catalog marketers competing for that market. A number of U.S firms among the successful competitors, driven by the Japanese desire for U.S products and their need for convenience. A survey few years ago, when the automibile industry was trying to ascertain how to advertise to the emerging women’s market, Ford Motor Company turned to an approach called “Curriculum Theory”. Based on theories of learning that you have probably studied in psychology or consumer behavior classes, “Curriculum Theory” argues that when the purchase is large or otherwise risky, direct marketers must move prospects through a carefully constructed series of steps that will culminate in a purchase. A study was conducted with the L.L Bean in marketing its products in Japan for a number or years. The D.M.A estimates that Japan’s catalog market was worth $21 Billion in 1994 and that there are 500 catalog marketers competing for that...
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...------------------------------------------------- Essay Type Coursework ------------------------------------------------- 10% of Your Mark ------------------------------------------------- Individual Coursework ------------------------------------------------- Chapters 07, 08, 09, 10 and 11 25 Essay Questions Each question is worth 0.4% (10% ÷ 25 questions = 0.4%) Chrysanthos Neophytides ------------------------------------------------- Chapter 07 & 08 ------------------------------------------------- Motivation Concepts and Applications ------------------------------------------------- Answer All 10 Questions 1. How does achievement-motivated and affiliation-motivation influence behavior? Achievement-motivated is the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed. The achievement-motivated people like to set goals that require stretching themselves a little. They dislike low odds because then there is no challenge to their skills. Affiliation-motivation is the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships. The needs for affiliation tend to be closely related to managerial success. 2. What are the important differences between Maslow, Herberg & Alderfers models? According to Maslow there are 5 levels of need and all these needs are arranged in a hierarchy. Individuals cannot move to the next higher level until all needs at the current (lower) level are satisfied. Aldefer argued that there are three...
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...strength. One thing that is not misconstrued is that the PJ has a very large base. The PJ contains, “membership is nearly 4 million” (pg. 30). It is also “one of the largest democratic parties in the world” (pg. 30). So how can we say this party is so weak, when in its physical size, it is very large. Even if you were to disregard the fact that the PJ is strong in regards to its electoral strength, you still wouldn’t understand Levitsky’s argument. The PJ’s organizational structure has been under researched. Scholars tend to focus on the wrong things. The weak or lack of formal structure tends to “obscure the informal structure that surrounds it” (pg 30). The Peronist may not be highly visible in regards to a party bureaucracy, but is established in unions, homes, and clubs. These things are harder to see in records or statues but provide the party its network to the working or lower class. To understand why the party works this way, you must examine some of its history. The PJ is a “survivor”. It survived the death of Peron, its leader, which is very vital to the history of parties in Latin America. It has also survived, “decades of proscription” (pg. 30). In the late 40’s and early 50’s the PJ was very centralized and consisted of paramilitary supports that were loyal to Peron. Which would pose problems after his death. The party was able to re-emerge in the 80’s,...
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...own brand names and private labels. Conair brands are quickly becoming household names around the world. Conair is headquartered in East Windsor, New Jersey, with sales and marketing offices in Stamford, Connecticut. The company has large distribution centers in East Windsor, Phoenix, Arizona and a manufacturing facility in Rantoul, Illinois (Conair Corporation 2011). Because of its different distribution centers, locations and corporate offices being so diverse in regards to locations. Analysis of Company’s Organizational Dynamics Within any company, there are two types of organization. Formal Structure and Informal Structure. Both effect the organization and relationships between staffs. The formal Organization refers to the formal relationships of authority and subordinates within a company. While the informal organization refers to the network of personal and social relations that is developed spontaneously between people associated with each other. The primary focus of the Formal organization is the position of the employee, manager holds....
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...combinations. Cassim (1982) considers the informal sector participation as “a trap associated with impoverishment” and Habib (2005) considers the informal sector participation as “the survivalist response of marginalised persons with no alternatives.” The informal sector is a part of the economy that is not under the government control and therefore any business conducted in the informal sector cannot be regulated. This paper aim is to argue against the above mentioned assertions made by Cassim and Habib. Is it true that the participation in the informal sector is associated with impoverishment? Is it true that people engage into conducting business in the informal sector because they need to survive as they have no other alternative? These two questions serve as a foundation into developing an argument against the assertions made by Cassim and Habib about the informal sector’s participation. The argument reflects on the entrepreneurial potential and dynamics in the informal sector. This paper firstly discusses Cassim’s and Habib’s assertions to have a general understanding of what they meant. This is then followed by a brief overview of the South African informal sector and an argument against those assertions will be provided using useful example of informal sector participation’s contribution. Finally, a conclusion is provided summarising the paper. The following lines will brighten this essay. Cassim’s and Habib’s perspective of the informal sector Taking into consideration Cassim’s...
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...The Evolution of Formal Organizations Sociology SOC/210 The Evolutions of Formal Organizations The interesting thing about formal organizations is that there is not just one kind of formal organization. Formal organizations arise out of and are necessary to informal organization; but when formal organizations come into operation, they create and require informal organizations (Barnard, C. I. 1962). There are actually three forms of formal organizations. The first type of organization is a normative organization. This organization can be joined voluntarily out of a common interest and to perhaps gain some form of prestige. Next we have the coercive formal organization. These types of organizations people are actually forced to join into the organization. We then have utilitarian organizations; these organizations are joined voluntarily and will provide the member with material rewards. Most formal organizations will have their own forms of rules and regulations that members will have to follow to continue within an organization. Formal organizations are known to be systems with activities that are very carefully controlled. The modern day formal organizations are still very much structures much in a manner that incorporates more members of that organization. Organizations remain driven by repetitive practices that have worked for the organizations for years and therefore are rarely changed. Organizations are very driven to be proven as legitimate and want to have longevity...
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...‘Migration into cities has resulted in the rise of the informal sector rather than transforming the urban space into an industrial site.’ Discuss the reasons for this seemingly perverse phenomenon using examples from any two countries. Starting from the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution led to an incontestable migration from the countryside to the city as industries agglomerated in the centre of Western cities. A century later, as industrialization gained what is known as the developing world, classical economists such as Lewis predicted large waves of migration that would transform the urban space into an industrial site. Yet, the most noticeable phenomenon of migration was a rise and establishment of an informal sector, comprising up to 90% of jobs and 70% of GDP production in countries like India. Are these results perverse, i.e. contrary to the accepted or expected norm? Looking specifically at cities in Ghana and Pakistan, while economic policies must take some blame for the lack of industrialisation, the rise and perseverance of an informal sector results of the confrontational and antagonising policies taken against rural to urban migration, which itself was misunderstood by authorities. More recent research proves that while the informal sector remains as prominent, it is not incompatible with the development of industry. The traditional explanation of migration towards cities (rural-urban migration) is laid out by Lewis in a model that emphasises...
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...their wishes through the fear of punishment. (x) Expert power – derived from the possession of expert knowledge or information that others need but have no alternative access. Politics is also the study of influence and the influential • Influence is measured on the basis of the number of shares one or a group has in the preferred values or attributes • The more values or attributes shared, the greater the influence • No single index (share) is a wholly accurate gauge of influence • Pfeffer (1992, p.30) defined politics as (the processes, the actions, the behaviors through which potential power is utilized and realized. Another author (Dubrin, 2001, p.192) defined organizational politics as (n informal approaches to gaining power through means other than...
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...Outcome covered 1 I have been asked to analyse the case study given on Joy of chocolate, and been given 5 questions and given exhaustive answers on these. A goal is a broad statement of where you want to be as an organisation and what you want to achieve. It is a future expectation of the organisation. The goals of an organisation will determine the nature of its inputs and outputs. An example of a company’s aim would be to increase profits. The inputs in a way of both employees and management. The efforts of both of these will make a big impact on how these goals are met and within the timescale. Suzy’s aim for the company was to create chocolate that would be boost local produce. She wanted the business to be well known for excellent and innovative products. Another aim Suzy set for the company was to create self-help in the communities that were supplying the cocoa. Suzy wanted to create a positive culture in all aspects of the business. Goals of the organisation should be categorised into different types of goals for example, Consumer goals which includes meeting the needs of the consumer, Product Goals which relates to the characteristics of the product, Operational goals relates to the series of activities involved in providing the outputs, operations and the functions of the organisation and lastly secondary goals which is not the main aim itself but the manner in which the organisation uses its powers and influence of its outputs. A goal is the end that the...
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...*RETHINKING THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN *THE * *NEO-LIBERALIST PHASE TABLE OF CONTENTS *RETHINKING THE INFORMAL *ECONOMY IN THE * *NEO-LIBERALIST PHASE Introduction : The labour markets in developing countries is markedly different from that in the developed countries. The most striking feature of labour markets in the developing countries is its non-homogeneous character. The status of the vast majority of workers in the developed countries is of wage and salary earners. Whereas in the developing countries there is a predominance of self-employment. This non-homogeneous character of labour markets in developing countries also implies that the nature of employment and the manner in which it is created is different in the two world’s. In the developing countries the vast majority of the population is left to fend for itself and create employment out of its own ingenuity, skills and capital. This leads to vast differences in the nature of employment and the creation of dualistic structure of ‘formal’and ‘informal’ components of the labour market. A large proportion of the workforce is in the unorganised or informal sector. These workers are engaged in economic activities with lower productivity resulting in lower incomes. They are also engaged in activities with less stable employment contracts (including the self-employed) and fewer social security benefits. While the wages and salaries of the formal sector workers are periodically revised to counter inflation...
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...1. Introduction In today’s business negotiations, dressing etiquette plays an important role. It embodies not only the personal taste but also the self-cultivation. To some extent, it can even make it all difference in the result of business negotiations. The more attention we draw to the details in modern business negotiations, the greater we will care about our dressing etiquette and maintain our personal image. Through analyzing dressing etiquette in business negotiations, the author tends to embody the advantages in business negotiations. 1.1 Background Having good business dressing etiquette is an indispensable quality of business activities is the basic guarantee for success In today’s business negotiations. 1.2Purpose of the Study During the business negotiation, the first impression is very important, therefore dressing etiquette plays an even more important role than we thought, it’s always worth studying. 1.3 Significance of the Study Dressing etiquette is likely a technique of business negotiation; it helps the process get smooth. 2 .Definitions and Principles You have heard this a million times: “You never get a second chance to make a first impression.” And you will keep hearing it because it is true. People size up each other within a few seconds. Based on external cues, including dress, people assess one another positively or negatively. We make a flash judgment of someone as trustworthy...
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...CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Case Study Selection Compensation is the remuneration received by an employee in return for his/her contribution to the organization. It is an organized practice that involves balancing the work-employee relation by providing monetary and non-monetary benefits to employees.Researcher are interested in doing research on the company becauseresearcher wanted to learn more about control system especially managementcompensation, both theoretical and practical. Lincoln Electric Company one of companies has realize the method of control system especially managementcompensation in their company.In the Lincoln Electric Company, researcher get knowledge of control systemespecially management compensation, particularly its association with corporate profits. However, in its application is often the application of compensation hasexperienced various problems and constraints. So also happened in the LincolnElectric Company.Every company absolutely has a strategy to sustainable them company. The top priority of Lincoln is customer. Company always sensitive with consumer needs.Certainly, the firm’s customer wants to get the best price and the best quality. And, product of Lincoln fulfill it. Lincoln also concerns employee and stockholders needs.Management compensation always was determined by a wage survey of similar jobsin Cleveland area where the company do operational process. Lincoln ElectricCompany is a good example for other company which is concern...
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