...COMMUNICATION IN ORGANISATIONS EXAM PAPER Bella Beckerman Topic: Investigate the concept of organisational culture, its dimensions, role and importance for organisations. Explain some of the communication practices that are likely to assist in the creation and maintenance of a positive and ethical organisational culture and climate. Organisational culture is ‘what the employees perceive and how this perception creates a pattern of beliefs, values, and expectations’. Shein (2004). Organisational culture consists of levels and dimensions that play an important role within the organisation, along with communication practices including communication audits, and ongoing training that assist in the creation and maintenance of positive and ethical organisational culture and climate that will be explored throughout this paper. According to Edger Schein (2004), ‘culture involves assumptions, adaptations, perceptions, and learning’ and ‘contends that an organisation’s culture… has three layers’ of which include artefacts and creations that are visible but not often interpreted, values or things that are important to people, and basic assumption people make that guide their behaviour. This is called Schein’s Three-Layer Organisational Model. Schein’s Three-Layer Organisational Model broken down show layer one includes visible artefacts such as wall dividers between employees or annual reports. Layer two includes conscious values or desires, and layer three include assumptions...
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...Managing People and Organisations 1. With references to the case study, summarise the relationship between goals, objectives and policy and advice the management of Scotia Airways of the contribution each will make to effective managerial performance. Goals determine the nature of inputs (the employees, management efforts) and outputs (quality of service). Goals also determine the interaction it has with its external environment. It is a future expectation. Goals are generically for an achievement or accomplishment for which certain efforts are put. Objectives are specific targets within the general goal, are time-related to achieve a certain task. The words Goal and Objective are often confused with each other. They both describe things that a person may want to achieve or attain but in relative terms may mean different things. Both are desired outcomes of work done by a person but what sets them apart is the time frame, attributes they are set for and the effect they inflict. Comparison chart | Goal | Objective | Meaning: | The purpose toward which an endeavour is directed. | Something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish; purpose; target. | Action: | Generic action, or better still, an outcome toward which we strive. | Specific action - the objective supports attainment of the associated goal. | Measure: | Goals may not be strictly measurable or tangible. | Must be measurable and tangible. | Time frame: | Longer...
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...ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Assignment 1 This essay will deeply look at the organisational structure and culture and It will compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture analysing the relationship between an organisations’ structure and the consequences on business performances. Finally it will analyse the factors which influence individual behaviour at work. Organisational Structure First of all, an organisational structure refers to how an organisation has Hierarchical subordinates of persons concerned to achieve the same goal. The culture of an organisation can be described as the value, attitudes and beliefs of people within an organisation. The structure and the culture of the organisation reflects the aims and strategies to be accomplished. Formal and Informal organisation In order to have control of an organisation’s performance, an organisation would have some type of deliberate organisational structure. This is called a formal organisation; Structures are clearly organised by dividing departments, level of authority, responsibility and communication line. On the other hand, there are informal organisations. An Informal organisation does not have a specific structure or a planned division of responsibility and this type of organisations can be seen within formal organisations. Geographic Structure A structure with one head office who has the power to control all departments, and several regional or territorial departments where...
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...Business Module code and title B403: Organisations and Behaviour Level and credit value Level 4, 15 credits Issue date 14/10/2014 Hand in deadline Midday, 6th January 2016 Presentation/Viva Date (if applicable) n/a Examiner name Ritchie Mehta Assessment overview As part of this assignment students are required to produce a 4,000 – 5,000 word report for the board, specifically focussing on the following four sections Section 1: Culture at FacileAvion Section 2: Management and leadership at FacileAvion Section 3: Motivation at FacileAvion Section 4: Effective teamwork Scenario/Vocational Context The assignment for the Organisation Behaviour module is project based on the following scenario: You work for FacileAvion the largest low cost airline operating in Europe. There has recently been a change of management at the board level and they are looking at how they can improve employee engagement over the next few years. The new Board have noticed that employee satisfaction feedback scores have consistently been decreasing over the last year and would like you to carry out an analysis as to the reasons and provide recommendations. Task 1 (this task provides evidence for LO 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) Section 1: Culture at FacileAvion Discuss the role of culture by focussing on the following areas: Compare and contrast different organizational cultures and structures (1.1) Explain how the relationship between organisation structure and culture can affect performance (1.2) Discuss...
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...department heads and also with a reporting subordinate. Other sources include organizational statements posted online and the behavioural aspects of employees as monitored before and during the interview process. The research draws attention to key findings that the organisation fosters open communication and there is a strong commitment from top management towards employees. The communication channels applied most frequently are informal, such as word-of-mouth and telephone coupled with a company intranet or emails which the employees can access. The dialogic communication has paved way for strong interpersonal relationships between the employees. While the firm’s operations are currently goal oriented, as the firm plans to enlarge its scale, operations will lean towards being process oriented. In such situations it will be difficult to sustain an informal communication structure and there will be a realization for a more formal communication structure. The report evaluates this range and concludes that even though the current communication practices in the organization are satisfactory, there is always a scope for improvement as there as in scenarios of expansion. The organization should strategize communication culture to maintain a healthy communication environment and shift from a goal based and client oriented work force to a communicating and strategic management. The key recommendations from this audit are: * The executive management should maintain a point of contact...
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...| A fit between Organizational dynamics and employee attitude | An Indian IT industry Perspective | | | | | | | Contents | Page No. | Introduction | 2 | Organizational design and change in employee outlooks | 3 | Motivation Impact | 5 | Reward system as a driver | 7 | Diversity of Groups & teams | 9 | Stress | 12 | Bibliography | 15 | Introduction Organisational design is the alignment of structure, process, rewards, metrics and talent with the strategy of the business. Companies must assess the competencies needed and the established collaborative structures linking the organization together, and must devise a system for stimulating the demand for solutions, with informed expectations. Organizational dynamics refers to the interaction of different factors that define the organization and how it reacts to changes at a broad level . Employee attitude is dependent on the changes that keep taking place in an organization. The perception of the employees about an organization is ever changing and thus an amiable atmosphere needs to be created for people to work and contribute in the best possible way . This study is focussed on the impact of organizational behaviour in context of the Indian IT industry. We as a group have chosen this topic because all of us have prior work experience in the IT sector and we could easily relate it to the concepts that we studied. Organisational Design and change in employee attitude Organisational...
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...Hotel, an independent luxury hotel situated in the Lake District. The report will analyse the structure and culture of the hotel. It will also evaluate the roles that organisational structures and cultures play within organisations and the internal and external environmental factors that impact on such. Key tourism and management theories will be used in these evaluations, and comparisons drawn with The Lakes Hotel. Findings will be applied to both the hotel scenario and that of tourism in general. 1. Background to the Case Study The Lakes Hotel is situated on the shores of Lake Windermere. Craig and Sally Elliot have owned the hotel for the past 10 years. They are also the general managers of the hotel. This report will look at the organisational structure of The Lakes Hotel, and decide how it fits into such models. The command structure will also be analysed in order to determine the effectiveness of the methods used by the hotel, in comparison to other methods available. 1.2 Report Structure and Aims The ‘Findings’ section of the report will be split into two categories – organisational structures and organisational cultures, each analysed theoretically and specific to The Lakes Hotel, using a variety of tourism and management theories and models. The aim of the report will be to provide a clear and concise account of what organisational cultures and organisational structures are, what they consist of, how they are developed and factors that affect them...
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...Managing People & Organisations Unit 1 Learning Outcome 1 Scotia Airways QUESTION 1 With reference to the case study, summarise the relationship between goals, objective and policy and advise the management of Scotia Airways of the contribution each will make to effective managerial performance. Summary Thousands of people travel by air each year from Scotland to Europe and the Far East. Scotia Airways a small private airline based next to Glasgow International Airport, already provide flights to UK and European destinations. Scotia have a goal to provide a business class service using custom built wide body jets at economy prices to customers travelling to Europe and the Far East when licensing is relaxed by European and UK governments. Introduction In 1996 a group of independent business investors launched Scotia Airways, their aim, was to provide scheduled flights, mainly targeted to business and leisure travellers, that gave exceptional value for money coupled with, unparalleled comfort and convenience to its passengers. Scotia Airways initially established themselves in the UK Domestic Market covering flights to Manchester, Birmingham, Bristol and four of London's Airports, but quickly expanded their services to include eight major European City destinations, Paris, Brussels, Madrid, Rome , Lisbon, Copenhagen and Amsterdam. They are now a leading presence in Scotland's main airports with a fleet of five aircraft and a staff of 80 across all departments...
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...1. What is an organisation a. Organisation is basically combine of the culture, people, business processes technology and work together to achieve management’s goals and maximize efficiency and competitiveness in the market and also deliver benefits to their stakeholders and employees. 1. Define organisation goal. b. Organisation goal explain how an organisation intends to go about achieving its mission. 2. Define globalisation and the impact on the workplace c. Globalisation means that the organisation starting their business at other country by using their strategy, their system and their head management leader. d. The challenges that will be face by the contemporary organisation are the compatible between workers and boss, personality, stress, and also the team working in the organisation. Besides, the diversification of workforce also influences the organisation. For example, different of culture and communication. 3. Distinguish between the formal and the informal organisation, and explain their main characteristics. e. Formal Organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons. (definite, structured, common purpose) i. Persons are able to communicate with one another ii. Willing to contribute action iii. To accomplish a common purpose iv. Hierarchy Structure f. Informal Organization is based on myriad interactions that take place throughout...
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...sCOTIA AIRWAYS | Managing People and Organisations | Outcome 1 HNC Business (Day Release) | | Kevin McCartan | Wednesday 23rd October 2013 | | Contents 1. Terms of reference 2 2. Procedures 2 2.1 Class Handouts 2 2.2 Internet Research 2 3. Findings 2 3.1 Background of Scotia Airways 2 3.2 Relationship between Organisational goals, Objectives and Policy 3 3.2.1 Policy 3 3.2.2 Goals 3 3.3 Open Systems 4 3.4 Formal and Informal organisation within Scotia Airways 4 3.4.1 Formal Organisation 4 3.4.2 Formal organisation within Scotia Airways 4 3.4.3 Informal Organisations 4 3.4.4 Informal Organisations within Scotia Airways 5 3.5 Primary Stakeholders and their Influence on Scotia Airways 5 3.5.1 Different primary stakeholders 5 3.5.2 Stakeholders influence on Scotia Airways 5 3.6 Control Strategies 6 3.6.1 Personal Centralised Control 6 3.6.2 Bureaucratic Control 6 3.6.3 Cultural Control 6 3.7 Control strategies relating to Scotia Airways 7 4. Conclusion 7 5. Recommendations 7 1. Terms of reference This report was requested by Jack Hides, MPO Lecturer and Margaret Scotland, Communications Lecturer to identify the relationship between goals, objectives and policy within Scotia Airways. The purpose of the report is for assessment MPO Outcome 1 for HNC Business. The report will identify the main principles of Open Systems Theory, the main differences between the formal and informal organisation within Scotia Airways, describe...
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...that he or she must have the capacity to • understand the behavioural patterns of individuals, groups and organisations, • predict the behavioural responses that will most probably follow managerial actions, and • use this understanding and these predictions to achieve control. The models or implicit theories that managers develop from everyday life to achieve the above mentioned results, are often inadequate because it depends on personal experience that may be narrow or static, and they vary in quality, sophistication and validity Therefore, a roadmap or guide for analysis and action is necessary. Any model influences the kinds of data we collect and the kinds we ignore; models guide our approach to analysing and interpreting the data we have; models help us to choose our course of action. We aim to present a model here that is build on the premise that for an organisation to be effective it subparts must be consistently managed to approach a state of congruence. It is an open systems model. A system is a set of interrelated elements and an open system is one that relates to its environment. It takes inputs from its environment, transforms them and produces outputs. General characteristics of systems As systems organisations display the following characteristics. Internal interdependence: Changes in one component of the organisation have repercussions for other parts. Capacity for feedback: Information about the output can be used...
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...to answer the research question of, “Is there a framework/s that can be used to help organisations increase organisational readiness and responsiveness to change”. Organisational readiness and organisational responsiveness are addressed throughout this literature review. The determinants and impediments of change in each branch of change management have been considered and addressed. Some elements fall outside the scope of the literature review and research. The literature review is structured in such a way that echoes this integration as illustrated in the following diagram (Figure XX). Figure XX: Areas within and outside the research boundaries leading to organisational responsiveness to change. Figure XX: Areas within and outside the research boundaries leading to organisational responsiveness to change. People Management Leadership Organisational Context. Culture. Organisational Learning. Knowledge Management. Change Management. Change Management Change Management is neither an art nor a science; it is an individual process relying solely on the organisation, individuals within the organisation (employees), leadership style and management of the organisation (middle and top managers), organisational culture, and a variety of external influences including environmental, technological and social. The scope for change management within an organisation to fail is huge; however the scope for effectiveness is as wide if approached holistically...
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...profits. In this case study, the main problems would be the culture, structure and the strategy for change. To enable us to have a better understanding of these problems we would need more information on the factors that is making the organisation resistant to change, besides the single personnel mentioned. Also a more detailed organisational structure of the organisation, and the current culture of Cox. Analysis Lets begin this section with the first problem that I have identified above which is the culture of the firm. Organisational culture affects not only task issues – how well or badly an organisation performs – but also emotional issues – how workers feel about their work and their companies (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2013). This makes culture important with regards to this change as culture influences the organisational effectiveness and provides direction for the company amongst other things. From the case study, the ownership and control of Cox has remained in hands of the Cox family and most of the employees have been with the firm for more than 10 years. Therefore the culture of the firm would be strong and stable, whereby all the staff are socialised into the culture of the firm. From the outburst of Abdul Aziz and the agreement of the staff with his viewpoint with regards to the change, we can infer that the culture is strong in COX. Based on the definition of O’Reilly (1989), a strong culture possesses intensity and sharedness, which is in full display...
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...Strategies for increasing supervisors’ personal power through informal channels Who’s the boss? White paper | 4.10.12 Emily Durham Contents Executive summary Personal biography The effects of power within organisations Sources of organisational power Developing the personal power of supervisors Recruitment approaches Development approaches Minimising the drawbacks of organisational power Reference ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 9 1 Emily Durham | Strategies for increasing supervisors’ personal power through informal channels Executive summary This paper highlights the influence of power within the workplace. Different sources of power are discussed, as well as the consequences of having employees who possess more informal power than their supervisors. Recommendations are made to increase supervisors’ levels of personal power, which can be implemented at both the recruitment stage and through development of supervisors. Personal biography Emily Durham has a BA, majoring in Psychology and English, and is currently working towards gaining a BA (Hons) with a focus in Industrial, Work and Organisational Psychology. 2 Emily Durham | Strategies for increasing supervisors’ personal power through informal channels The effects of power within organisations Power can be defined as the ability to overcome adversity in the attempt to influence others’ behaviour and opinions, with the intention of obtaining...
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...Managing People and Organisations. Outcome 1: Explain the characteristics and purpose of the organisation and it’s environment. 1. Analyse the relationship between organisational goals, objectives & policies and explain their contribution to effective management in the case study. There are four main types of goals: Consumer goals which refer to supplying a product or service that the market/consumer wants. Suzy’s consumer goals were to create gourmet chocolates to a very high standard, attention to detail and offering a unique product is a very important to Suzy as well as specialist chocolates for customer’s requirements. Product goals which refer to supplying an outstanding value proposition compared to other products perhaps due to the likes of quality, design, reliability and novelty. Suzy worked to offer a unique product, novelty and high class chocolates for her customers. She soon built up a reputation for dependability through always delivering orders on time. Operational goals which refer to running the organisation in such a way as to make the best use of management skills, technology and resources. hey joy of Chocolates operational goals are; all staff supported in developing their skills, training for the production staff ensured a high level of expertise. Hafiz holds a personal development review every four months to give feedback; he also uses job rotation to build knowledge further. Encourage a positive culture of staff development...
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