...2.6 Image Processing Image processing is a term which indicates the processing on the image which is taken as input and the result set of processing is may be a set of related parameters of an image. The purpose of image processing is visualization which is to observe the objects that are not visible. There are two types of image processing techniques are used which are analog image processing and digital image processing [22]. Analog image processing can be used for hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these analog techniques. Digital image processing technique will discuss in section 2.6.1. 2.6.1 Digital Image Processing Digital image processing offers more complex...
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...TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Digital Image Processing Lab Manual No 03 Dated: 31st August, 2015 to 04th September, 2015 Semester: Autumn 2015 Digital Image Processing Session:-2012 Computer Lab Instructor:-Engr. Farwa UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA FACULTY OF TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Objectives:The objectives of this session is to understand following. Image Resizing Image Interpolation Relationships between pixels Distance Transform Image Resizing:Resizing an image consists of enlarging or shrinking it, using nearest-neighbor, bilinear, or bicubic interpolation. Both resizing procedures can be executed using the imresize function. Let us first explore enlarging an image. Enlarge the cameraman image by a scale factor of 3. By default, the function uses bicubic interpolation. I=imread('cameraman.tif'); I_big1 = imresize(I,3); figure, imshow(I), title(’Original Image’); figure, imshow(I_big1), interpolation’); title(‘Enlarged Image using bicubic Use the imtool function to inspect the resized image, I_big1. Scale the image again using nearest-neighbor and bilinear interpolations. I_big2 = imresize(I,3,’nearest’); I_big3 = imresize(I,3,’bilinear’); figure, imshow(I_big2),title(‘Resized interpolation’); figure, imshow(I_big3), interpolation’); Digital Image Processing Session:-2012 Computer ...
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...One of these technologies being integrated with image processing is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN is a computational model based on structure and functions of biological neural network. Information that flows through the network moves the structure of the ANN because a neural network varies - or learns, in a sense - based on that input and output [Technopedia.com, (2010)]. Also, Artificial Neural Networks are fairly crude electronic models based on the neural structure of the brain. The brain basically acquires from experience. It is natural proof that some difficulties that are elsewhere the range of present computers are indeed solvable by small energy efficient packages. This brain modeling also promises a less technical way to improve machine solutions. This new method to calculating also provides a more smooth degradation during system overload than its...
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...Department of CS/ICT, Jaypee University of Information Technology Abstract--As networking continues to grow exponentially, the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) can be obtained and reproduced easily. These threats create a high demand for a content protection technique such as digital watermarking; which is one of the most efficient ways to protect the digital properties in recent years. Image watermarking techniques are frequently applied in the transform and spatial domains to achieve desired secure and robust protection. This paper provides an overview of the wavelet-based watermarking techniques available for medical images until now. In this paper the major methods have been analyzed along with their advantages & disadvantages. Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform, Medical image watermarking, ROI, NROI, I. INTRODUCTION D igital watermarking has emerged as a research area that was originally focused on copyright protection. Also, it has been implemented in lot of domains, such as video, audio, image, and 3D graphic model. Despite the fact there are only a few medical oriented watermarking studies in the literature to date, digital watermarking will be a valuable tool for copyright protection with medical confidentiality protection, patient and examination-related information hiding, data integrity control and source identification, in Hospital Information System(HIS) and picture archiving and communication system(PACS) based on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM)...
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...success. It provides us an advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively (scientific deduction and inductive thinking); skills of research particularly in the ‘age of information’. Also it defines the way in which the data are collected in a research project. In this paper it presents two components of the research methodology from a real project; the theorical design and framework respectively. Keywords: Research methodology, example of research methodology, theorical framework, theorical design. 1 Introduction The research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. It provides us an advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively (scientific deduction and inductive thinking); skills of research particularly in the ‘age of information’. The research methodology is a science that studying how research is done scientifically. It is the way to systematically solve the research problem by logically adopting various steps. Also it defines the way in which the data are collected in a research project. 1.1 Study case According to the World Health Organization (WHO) breast...
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...(ANPR) system is an image processing technology [6]. ANPR is the extraction of vehicle number plate information from an image or a sequence of images. The extracted information can be used with or without a database in many applications, such as electronic payment systems (toll payment, parking fee payment). The quality of the acquired images is a major factor in the success of the ANPR. ANPR as a real-life application has to quickly and successfully process number plates under different environmental conditions, such day or night time. It should also be generalized to process license plates from different nations or states [2]. Due the increasing number of stolen vehicles from year to year, researchers had...
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...Computer Vision Class test questions CT# 1 1. Define: Digital Image, Computer Vision Application, Human Vision Application, Image Analysis, Digital image processing, Computer imaging, Nyquist criterion, Vector image, Raster image, Color Model, Pixel. 2. Why is computer vision difficult? 3(a). Describe the four basic types of digital images. (b) Consider a 512*512 color image. Calculate the number of bytes used in this image where each pixel is associated with 3 bytes of color information. 4(a). List out the broad subclasses into which image processing algorithms can be subdivided. 4(b). Discuss PGM file format. 5(a). Write the steps of the image processing task to obtain the postal codes from envelopes by an automatic process. 5(b). Write some applications of digital image processing. CT# 2 1(a). Define: difference image, cumulative difference image, moment, central moment, scaled central moment, normalized un-scaled central moment (b) write a set of seven moments invariant to translation, scale image, mirroring (within a minus sign) 2(a). Discuss the arithmetic operations on images. (b) Why histogram equalization is performed? Write the MATLAB codes for viewing the histogram of an image and the effect of histogram equalization on an image. 3(a). What are separable filters? Write the following 3*3 operator/filter/mask: i) average ii) laplacian iii) identity (b) Discuss with theory and MATLAB code examples (only 1): i) Unsharp...
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...Dental X-Ray Image Analysis by Using Image Processing Techniques Qno.1. Identify the tools and technologies used in the paper. Elaborate or give details of all the tools used in the paper. In this paper author focused on to detect dental Caries. It is diseases that should be occurs in to teeth, so author used different digital image processing tools and techniques such as, Dental X-Rays, Image Processing, Image Segmentation and Binarization these all of defined and elaborate Below. 1. Dental X-Rays 2. Image Processing a) Image segmentation b) Binarization dental x-ray image is used by the dentist for the diagnosis and treatment purpose such as root canal treatment, detection of different factor similar to the...
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...implement a Natural Language Processing System, Image Processing system, a program to create a virtual keyboard and mouse interface in the tablet, program to assign colors randomly for each number typed and generate a pattern based on the colors assigned for the numbers to compare it with the entered pattern. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Live Video Transmission Using Image Processing 1) Materials required and feasible environment: The following components are required: a Bluetooth based transmitter embedded in the television, receiver in the tablet, modified Analog to Digital Converter (and Digital to Analog Converter)...
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...have many definitions these include: (A computer system perspective) 23 Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio, video, and animation in addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics/drawings, images). Back Close General Definition A good general working definition for this module is: 24 Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally. Back Close Multimedia Application Definition A Multimedia Application is an application which uses a collection of multiple media sources e.g. text, graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and/or video. 25 Back Close What is HyperText and HyperMedia? Hypertext is a text which contains links to other texts. The term was invented by Ted Nelson around 1965. 26 Back Close HyperText Navigation Traversal through pages of hypertext is therefore usually non-linear (as indicated below). 27 This has implications in layout and organisation of material — and depends a lot on the application at hand. Back Close Hypermedia HyperMedia is not constrained to be text-based. It can include other media, e.g., graphics, images, and especially the continuous media – sound and video. 28 Back Close Example Hypermedia Applications...
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...Digital Image Processing Second Edition Rafael C. Gonzalez University of Tennessee Richard E. Woods MedData Interactive Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Pubblication Data Gonzalez, Rafael C. Digital Image Processing / Richard E. Woods p. cm. Includes bibliographical references ISBN 0-201-18075-8 1. Digital Imaging. 2. Digital Techniques. I. Title. TA1632.G66 621.3—dc21 2001 2001035846 CIP Vice-President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton Publisher: Tom Robbins Associate Editor: Alice Dworkin Editorial Assistant: Jody McDonnell Vice President and Director of Production and Manufacturing, ESM: David W. Riccardi Executive Managing Editor: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: David A. George Production Editor: Rose Kernan Composition: Prepare, Inc. Director of Creative Services: Paul Belfanti Creative Director: Carole Anson Art Director and Cover Designer: Heather Scott Art Editor: Greg Dulles Manufacturing Manager: Trudy Pisciotti Manufacturing Buyer: Lisa McDowell Senior Marketing Manager: Jennie Burger © 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness...
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...Office Automation Systems Office Automation Systems Office Automation Systems are systems that try to improve the productivity of employees who need to process data and information. Perhaps the best example is the wide range of software systems that exist to improve the productivity of employees working in an office (e.g., Microsoft Office XP) or systems that allow employees to work from home or although on the move. OAS considered also as computer-based information system that collect, process, store, transmit electronic message, document, and other form of communication among individual, work group, and organizations. Examples- word processing, electronic mail, desktop publishing, telecommunication, and document image processing. A variety of office automation systems are applied to business a communication functions that performed to or in multiple locations manually of a company, such as preparing written communications and strategic planning. In addition, functions that once required coordinating the expertise of outside specialists in typesetting, printing, or electronic recording integrated into the everyday work of an organization, saving both time and money. Office automation products are in the office to make official work happen at a faster speed without any mess. Office automation products include computer, calculator, printer, copier machine, fax machine (facsimile), laminating machine, note binding machine, typewriter...
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...Shetty&, Chinmai$ , Rajeshwari Hegde@ #,*,&,, Department of Telecommunication Engineering, @ Guide and faculty BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India # supreethkrao@gmail.com arpithaprasad@gmail.com & anushree.shetty12@gmail.com $ cpchinmai@gmail.com * Abstract— A smart navigation system based on an object detection mechanism has been designed to detect the presence of obstacles that immediately impede the path, by means of real time video processing. This paper is discussed keeping in mind the navigation of the visually impaired. A video camera feeds images of the surroundings to a Da-Vinci Digital Media Processor, DM642, which works on the video, frame by frame. The processor carries out image processing techniques whose result contains information about the object in terms of image pixels. The algorithm aims to select that object, among all others, that poses maximum threat to the navigation. A database containing a total of three sounds is constructed. Hence, each image translates to a beep, where every beep informs the navigator of the obstacles directly in front of him. This paper implements a more efficient algorithm compared to its predecessor, NAVI. Keywords— Navigation, Edge Detection, Flood Function, Object Detection, DM642, Acoustic Transformation I. INTRODUCTION Assistance for the blind or visually impaired can range from simple measures, such as a white cane or a guide dog, to a very sophisticated computer technology...
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...essential the brains of a computer, CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it is the hardware inside of the computer which follows out the instructions of a program on the computer by performing the arithmetical. Graphics Card The graphics card is an expansion card which will create a feed of output images to display on a Monitor. The graphics card is known as a GPU which stands for graphics processing unit, It is used to process all graphical tasks required by the user. Internal memory (RAM) The Internal memory otherwise known as RAM stands for Random-access memory, Is a form of data storage. RAM allows data items to be read and written in the same amount of time regardless of which order the data items were opened....
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...PART ONE Requirements P art One defines the needs for information communications in the business environment. It discusses the ways in which various forms of information are used and the need for interconnection and networking facilities. ROAD MAP FOR PART ONE Chapter 2 Business Information The requirements for data communications and networking facilities in an organization are driven by the nature and volume of information that is handled. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the four basic categories of information used in any organization: audio, data, image, and video. The chapter discusses some of the salient characteristics of each type and looks at their networking implications. Chapter 3 Distributed Data Processing Chapter 3 describes the nature and role of distributed data processing (DDP) in an organization. Virtually all business information systems organizations are distributed, and the networking and communications requirements are driven by the way in which data and applications are distributed. ISBN 0-558-69515-9 31 Business Data Communications, Sixth Edition, by William Stallings. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER BUSINESS INFORMATION 2.1 2.2 2.3 Audio Networking Implications Data Networking Implications Image Image Representation Image and Document Formats Networking Implications Video Digital Video Networking Implications Performance Measures Response Time Throughput Summary Recommended...
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