...RESEARCH METHODS FOR FINANCE The IFRS measures impact on French bank securities volatility during the financial crisis In Group with Mr Duchemin and Mr Melloul Benjamin CNUDDE Introduction: The world of finance is from now global and has huge repercussions all over the planet as we could see during those last years of the recent recession. The subprime crisis triggered in the United States during the second half of 2006 has quickly turned into an international financial crisis with huge repercussions on the European financial markets. Banks and financial intermediaries were particularly affected by it because of the fair value accounting for financial instruments. As we all know, the real estate crisis in the United States has been the triggering element of the financial crisis which has initiated the international financial crisis we are facing now. Credit rarefaction and an obvious rise of market volatility were the fundamental consequences of the crisis. And to stop the proliferation of the crisis worldwide (especially provoked by the “toxic” assets owned by banks) comes the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) intervention. We will discuss if such an intervention has managed to prevent a rise of the French banks securities volatility. In the financial crisis we are passing through, many personalities criticized the installation of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), and notably concerning the impact on fair value. According to Christine Lagarde...
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...BULLETIN CENTRAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY Issue: 8 December 2007 GOVERNOR YILMAZ’S PRESENTATION BEFORE THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS INSIDE: 2 Reserve and Risk Management at the Central Bank of Turkey 3 Publications and News from the Central Bank of Turkey 4 At a Glance In accordance with the Law on the Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) and the principle of accountability, twice a year, the Governor provides the Council of Ministers with information on current economic outlook and the monetary policy actions. In this context, Governor Durmuş Yılmaz made a presentation before the Council of Ministers on 12 November 2007. In the first part of his presentation, Governor Yılmaz pointed out the prerequisites to achieve sustainable growth rate and single-digit nominal interest rates. The Governor gave information about inflation developments, interest rate and the exchange rate policies of the CBT, growth, employment and balance of payments developments in the second part of his presentation. The Governor stated that sustainable growth might only be achieved via establishing macroeconomic stability, continuing structural reforms and enforcing the principles of good governance. 1981 - 1989 1990 - 2001 2002 - 2006 Average Inflation 43.4 % 74.0 % 15.9 % Average Growth 4.8 % 3.0 % 7.5 % The Governor, underlining the necessity of price stability and sustainable public finance for Source : TURKSTAT, CBT macroeconomic...
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...Enron – Unethical Financial Accounting Overview In 2001, Enron $111billion US energy firm employing 20,000 people worldwide collapsed and filed for bankruptcy, stemming from one of the largest and most complex corporate accounting scandals seen in corporate America. Involving senior managers like Jeffery Skilling (COO), Andrew Fastow (CFO) and Kenneth Lay (CEO and Chairman) and Arthur Anderson (Accounting Firm), jointly they orchestrated false balance sheets to report false earnings and inflated profits to push stock prices higher. Top management earned large bonuses in stocks and incentives based on revenues reported by division. Enron executives pushed up stock prices by reporting false/unrealised profits for years, thereby making top managers vastly wealthy. Finally, when news of the scandal got out on Wall Street, Enron filed for bankruptcy, stocks prices crashed - thousands of Enron employees lost their pension funds4, shareholders and creditors lost billions of dollars in investments. Key Agents (Active and Passive) and Ethical Issues Andrew Fastow (CFO): Andrew Fastow created Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) which were used by Enron to hide large liabilities and turn them into revenue through complex financial transactions, thereby inflating top line and bottom-line for Enron5. He also started working on a controversial concept of accounting - mark to market3, whereby any potential of future earnings could be reported as revenues today which enabled Enron to report future...
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...The Mortgage and Financial Crises: The Role of Credit Risk Management and Corporate Governance William W. Lang Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Ten Independence Mall, Philadelphia, PA 19106 Phone: 215-574-7225 E-mail: William.Lang@phil.frb.org Julapa Jagtiani Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Ten Independence Mall, Philadelphia, PA 19106 Phone: 215-574-7284 E-mail: Julapa.Jagtiani@phil.frb.org February 9, 2010 Abstract This paper discusses the role of risk management and corporate governance as causal factors in the onset of the financial crisis. The downturn in the housing and mortgage markets precipitated the first phase of the financial crisis in August 2007 when the solvency of a number of large financial firms was threatened by huge losses in complex structured financial securities. Why did these firms have such high concentrations in mortgage-related securities? Given the information available to firms at the time, these high concentrations in mortgage-related securities violated basic principles of modern risk management. We argue that this failure was a result of principal-agent problems internal to the firms and to breakdowns of corporate governance systems designed to overcome these principal-agent problems. Forthcoming in Atlantic Economic Journal (2010) JEL Classification Numbers: G01, G18, G21, G28 Keywords: Financial Crisis, Risk Management, Corporate Governance, Subprime Crisis _________________________ The opinions expressed in this paper...
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...France: A close relationship with CSR More than a legal problem, we have a lexical one. Corporate Social Responsibility is a generic word used all over the world, but as to use carefully in France because of Social. In a country where people are proud to have the best social system, we have to understand what is related to social and how to talk about it when it is linked to mores. France has adopted many legal frameworks and many companies have joined the United Nation Global Compact that makes France, one of the largest network. Moreover, CSR is related to history in France with the Human Right constitution. Nowadays, CSR is a key issue that has to be taking into consideration in a domestic that will impact an international scale. For France, CSR is not only related to ethnic issues bus can also have a good and a bad impact in social issues, economic in France and overseas and in the environment. France is perceived as one of the leader in CSR, more than 47% of French companies have an exemplary CSR management and system while only 40% in the OCDE and 15% in the BRICS. But France has a problem with the integration of ethical issues regarding risk management, recent conviction or rules policy. (Ecovadis, 2015). This good performance is linked to a good structured in their CSR approach that covers several aspects from the global key issues that has to be covered, but also through a good communication of the diverse actions and a constant innovation in the process to improve...
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...Thesis for the Degree of Master of...? INCORPORATING LIQUIDITY RISK INTO VAR MODEL TO IMPROVE RISK MANAGEMENT AND APPLYING THE LIQUIDITY ADJUSTED VALUE AT RISK MODEL ON VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET Student: Ten truong: Ten khoa hoc: September, 2012 INCORPORATING LIQUIDITY RISK INTO VAR MODEL TO IMPROVE RISK MANAGEMENT AND APPLYING THE LIQUIDITY ADJUSTED VALUE AT RISK MODEL ON VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET by student Avised by Ten giao su Submitted to Ten khoa of Ten truong in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of ...? Dissertation Committee ...Ten thanh vien hoi dong ABSTRACT In this paper, based on Bangia et. al (1999) Liquidity Adjusted Value at Risk, an explanation and demonstration for the importance of integrate liquidity risk component into Value at Risk Model are presented. The component is considered to be resulted from the exogenous liquidity risk, indeed, the bid-ask spread of a stock or a portfolio. This research is conducted from the analysis of an estimation of Value at Risk (VaR) and Liquidity adjusted Value at Risk for two portfolios containing stocks that are currently trading on Vietnamese Stock Market. After applying the Bangia Model to calculate, the backtesting will be executed to check the accuracy level of the results. The difference between the results of two portfolios, according to separate approaches will be the evidence to reach the conclusion of the research. Table of Contents List of...
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...Introduction Lehman Brothers holdings, Inc.: Lehman Brothers holding, Inc. was a financial services multinational firm who ranked 4th largest in investment banking sector in US. This was a huge organization having 26,000 employees working for Lehman Brothers (Join Bain & Company-Our Mission, 2012). On 15th of September 2008, the organization was filed in chapter 11 as bankrupt with $639 billion in assets & $619 billion in debt and had an incredible effects in financial markets and economies not only in US but worldwide and it leads to financial crises. The collapse of Lehman Brothers Holding, Inc. was the largest in US history (Nightmare mortgages, 2008). The key ethical words we are looking in these report are: Massive accounting fraud, failure to government policy and regulation, 26,000 employees lose their jobs worldwide, world economy and financial crises. The key players we are looking in these report are: employees, government, Lehman Brothers, other subordinate organization like Ernst & Young, shareholders, stakeholders, and customers. Bain Capital: Bain capital is one of the world’s foremost private investment firms which was found by Mitt Romney in 1984 (About Bain Capital, 2012). The culture of Bain capital and its organization was full of unethical who always find a way to bias and break laws in order to gain huge profits for its firm and for Mitt Romney as individual. In this report, we will discuss about the unethical behavior by Mitt Romney towards their...
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...The camel’s back is not the only thing broken When individuals think of prosperity, expansion and greatness, the first country that comes to mind is the United States of America. With an incredible history enabling it to achieve world dominance, the United States has undoubtedly caught the attention of all individuals walking the globe. Citizens of several foreign countries are rather green-eyed when it comes to the way our American government is set up. The United States government possesses a republic that is directly self-governed, over all the people, for all the people, by all the people. Recently however, circumstances have taken a turn and our country is facing one of the worst economic predicaments since the Great Depression. As the country takes a turn for a plummet, members of society find themselves pointing fingers at our government and the foundation of our republic, the constitution. Now the economy has improved to some extent under the presence of President Obama; however, the progress has been far more sluggish than anticipated by the general public, and the national debt, which was unapparent not too long ago, has managed to surpass 16 trillion dollars. With such a big toll over its shoulders, our country is facing an economic burden that is projected to keep mounting. As our citizens stand by and observe the government take on all its issues, a question leaves a great number of individuals puzzled: is our administration broken? As plausible modifications...
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...org/stable/25123778 . Accessed: 03/12/2013 07:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Business Ethics. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.209.6.50 on Tue, 3 Dec 2013 07:49:34 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions (2006) 65: 149-161 Journal of Business Ethics DOI 10.1007/sl0551-005-4175-4 ? Springer 2006 Corporate Psychological Defences: T. Ketola An Oil Spill Case ABSTPJVCT. protect isational morality defences the Organisational self-esteem even This an oil and moral at the paper refinery psychological integrity expense analyses and of the its parent of defences the organ the of while concessions corporation imply that is taking a change place. towards a more responsible personality of actions. used by sacrificing spectrum company KEY oil WORDS: spill, crisis management, concessions, defence behaviour...
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...Malaysia Introduction: Bordering Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, and Brunei is Malaysia, which is located in South East Asia covering 329,845 square kilometers in two islands namely Mainland Asia and Borneo (which also has three countries in the said island). There are two regions namely Peninsular Malaysia which is basically mainland Asia and Malaysian Borneo that covers Borneo while 13 states and three Federal Territories compose the country as a whole. The Federation of Malaya was established in August 31, 1957 with the inclusion of Sarawak, Sabah, and Singapore in September 16, 1963. The latter country, however, left the federation to become an independent country in August 9, 1965. PEST Analysis Political Analysis Overview of the government: Malaysia is a federated constitutional monarchy based on a parliamentary system of government and an independent judiciary. States in this country have and follow their own constitutions and governments. The highest institution is the Conference of Rulers which is made up of the hereditary rulers of nine states in Peninsular Malaysia and four state governors appointed by the king. The nine hereditary rulers in the Conference of Rulers elect one of themselves as the “supreme sovereign” which acts as head of state for a single five-year term. Executive Branch The Conference of Rulers is the topmost institution authorized by the constitution to choose the king, approve appointed judges, rule on administrative...
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...Communications in Business 100 Assessment 1: Critical Essay (Word Count: 1565) Introduction Apple Inc., the world’s third largest mobile phone maker, ranks in 2013 as the world's “second largest information technology company in terms of revenue” (“Gartner Says Worldwide Sales” 2012). Apple is the world’s “most valuable brand” in the report Best Global Brands produced by Omnicom Group in 2013 (Elliott 2013). For companies as large as Apple, which utilise a wide range of resources and whose influence and power are evident, the society is increasingly demanding these companies to act in a socially responsible manner (Fassin 2012, 87). In the general view, companies are expected to adapt business strategies that can benefit all stakeholders, manifesting an organisational performance that exceeds beyond pure business functions (Harrison and Freeman 1999). One of the predominant theories of organisational administration is stakeholder management, which involves identifying the stakeholders and analysing their diverse demands and interest in developing effective strategies (Davila, Rodriguez-Lluesma, and Elvira 2013, 186). Business organisations that are not considering the interests and demands of their stakeholders encounter detrimental aspects that may cause the demise of the firm, such as declining market share and brand image due to ethical considerations affecting consumers’ brand preferences (Post, Preston, and Sachs 2002, 139). This report will seek to assess the...
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...ICB Independent Commission on Banking Final Report Recommendations September 2011 ICB Independent Commission on Banking Final Report Recommendations September 2011 Official versions of this document are printed on 100% recycled paper. When you have finished with it please recycle it again. If using an electronic version of the document, please consider the environment and only print the pages which you need and recycle them when you have finished. © Crown copyright 2011 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-governmentlicence/ or e-mail: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to: Independent Commission on Banking Victoria House Southampton Row London WC1B 4AD This document is also available from our website at http://bankingcommission.independent.gov.uk/ ISBN 978-1-845-32-829-0 Produced by the Domarn Group, London. Final Report Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................... 1 List of acronyms .........................................................................................
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...1350 ECIPE OCCASIONAL PAPER ExECuTIvE SuMMARy This is the season for regional-integration initiatives in Asia. There is talk of region-wide FTAs, and there are east-Asian initiatives on financial and monetary cooperation. But grand visions for Asian regional blocs are not achievable. Regional economic integration is most developed in east Asia, but only because of manufacturing supply chains linked to global markets. South Asia is the most malintegrated region in the world. And east and south Asia are much less integrated in finance than they are in trade and FDI – due to highly restrictive national policies governing financial markets. Asia’s existing FTAs are “trade light”. They are largely limited to tariff cuts, but have barely tackled non-tariff regulatory barriers in goods, services and investment, and are bedevilled by complex rules of origin requirements. An APEC FTA initiative has gone nowhere – entirely predictable given such a large, heterogeneous grouping. An east-Asian or a pan-Asian FTA, by discriminating against third countries, would compromise regional production networks linked to global supply chains. Moreover, huge economic gaps and enduring political differences will stymie Asian regional integration for some time to come. As for regional monetary and financial cooperation, it is embryonic, very soft and confined to east Asia. Asian regional integration is not likely to come about through top-down regional policy initiatives. The key to future regional...
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...Enron To Lehman Brothers Lessons for Boards From Recent Corporate Governance Failures by Frederick D. Lipman In order for boards to fulfill their oversight obligations, the organizations they serve must have robust whistleblower and compliance policies and programs to encourage reporting that can help identify risk exposures, fraud, or other illegal activity. This report identifies common pitfalls in many current whistleblower and compliance programs, and it offers recommendations on how audit committees can strengthen them. Government investigations, bankruptcy receiver reports, and numerous books provide a rich source of information about the major corporate disasters of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Although the financial implosions, starting with Enron and ending with Lehman Brothers, have significant differences, one common corporate governance theme can be seen: The board, and, in particular, the independent directors, did not have the information required to properly perform their oversight duties, even though such information was known to various members of management. In almost all the cases, the directors claimed they were misinformed or “duped” by the CEO or CFO.1 In this respect, these disasters were partly the result of corporate governance failure and, in particular, a failure to establish a robust whistleblower system as an internal control. Those 1 Frederick Lipman, Whistleblowers: Incentives, Disincentives and Protection Strategies, (Hoboken:...
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...Evaluate the significance of key drivers in the globalization of the world economy. Why do some commentators argue that the international business environment has become more regional than global? What would be the implications for production strategies of companies if this is the case? Whenever we listen to it on the news, read it inside the newspapers, catch people chatting about it, the phrase globalization looks like it has a different meaning. So the question, what exactly is globalization? What are the key drivers? How does it affect international business? Through describing the importance of globalization for international business and investigating main ideas of the international business atmosphere, above questions will be answered. Until we have an understanding of some drivers of Globalization we may not be able to see how the business or firms --- as an individual and collectively --- will be like in the future. After that we will begin to understand the changes in the stages of a firm which will come out as a result of this globalization. Globalization is the changes in world economy around the globe due to the rapid changes in technology. Globalization can be explained as a course of action by which the people around the world are interconnected and unified into one society and working side by side. It is a mixture of economic, technological, socio cultural and political forces. As a phrase globalization, is quite often used to relate to economic globalization...
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