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Insight to the Concept of Stress

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Insight into the concept of stress
By: Cyralene P. Bryce
Pan American Health Organization (2001) http://www.paho.org/english/ped/stressin.pdf stress is defined as the body’s response to situations that pose demands, constraints or opportunities, and stressor is defined as the stimulus that evokes a stress response.

It is universally accepted that optimum levels of stress can act as a creative, motivational force that can drive people to achieve incredible feats (eustress). Chronic or traumatic stress (distress) on the other hand, is potentially very destructive and can deprive people of physical and mental health, and at times even of life itself.

Stressors can be divided into various categories:
(a) Physical or environmental stressors:
• Inadequate ventilation
• Pollution
• Overcrowding
• Famine
• Excessive or continuous noise
• Peer pressure
• Work pressure
• Family pressure
• Information overload
• Social isolation
(b) Natural disasters or disasters caused by human activity:
• Multiple injury or fatality accidents
• Fires
• Hurricanes
• Floods
• Volcanic eruptions
• Earthquakes
• Tornadoes
• Explosions
• Airplane crashes
• War
(c) Major life changes:
• Marriage
• Marital separation
• Divorce
• Exposure to assault or abuse
• Birth of a child
• Death of a loved one
• Change of job
• Imprisonment
• Retirement
• Illness of a family member
(d) Hassles, i.e., minor changes or day-to-day aggravations:
• Dissatisfaction with one’s physical appearance or sex appeal
• Concerns about the well-being of persons dear to us
• Job dissatisfaction
• Feelings of estrangement
• Relationship problems with spouse/partner
• Relationship problems with in-laws
• Financial concerns
• Housekeeping responsibilities
• Lost or misplaced items
• Concerns about one’s safety
(e) Personality-related stressors:
• Poor self-concept
• Impatience
• Poor consequential thinking
• Inability to set realistic goals and to prioritize
• Poor resource management
• Poor health habits
• Over-dependence
• Inflexibility
• Poor communication skills
• Poor interpersonal skills

A stressor is any stimulus which evokes a stress response. Stressors may be real or imagined, internal or external. The overall impact of a stressor will depend on its characteristics and the characteristics of those who have been affected. The perceived more than the absolute qualities of a stressor determine its potential impact.

Stressors are not all unpleasant–most life situations that require change or adaptation can be viewed as stressors. Even pleasant events such as promotions, vacations and marriage are stressors since they require many adjustments and place demands on the person.
Nonetheless, there is increasing evidence that it is not the change per se, but the quality of the change that is potentially damaging to people.

Mihaela, M. (2010). THE CONCEPT OF STRESS AND WAYS OF MANAGING IT. Young Economists Journal / Revista Tinerilor Economisti, 8(14), 69-74. http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2b8813bf-1793-4abb-be60-62040cc3826b%40sessionmgr111&vid=3&hid=120 .
Stress represents that situation which exerts a mental or physical pressure on a person. Stress can cause changes and disturbances in the human body.

The effects of stress can be positive in the short term (they help people think more clearly in situations of panic or be more creative). But if there is not a stress release valve, through actions meant to help the human body, either to avoid the stress factor or to cope with it, the cumulative effect can become dangerous.

Stress can bring diseases and human suffering, both at work and at home.

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