...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Jeannie Hopkins PSY/240 11/17/2013 Dr. Brooke Morford A psychological disorder is known as a mental disorder; it is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 26 percent of American adults over the age of 18 suffer from some type of diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). Almost half of that also meet criteria for 2 or more disorders, with severity strongly related to comorbidity. Mental disorders are diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) here in the U.S. The DSM-IV-TR explains that a multiaxial system involves an assessment on several axes, which refer to a different domain of information that may help the clinician plan treatment and possibly predict the outcome (Association, 2000). The five axes included in the DSM-IV multi-axial classification are as listed: * Axis I: Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That Need Clinical Attention. * Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. * Axis III: General Medical Conditions. * Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems * Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). As stated in the DSM-IV-TR “the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale is...
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...Summary Holcomb (2007) divides her article “Putting INSOMNIA to rest” into four main sections. The first section provides information on insomnia. The second section describes some causes and risk factors that are associated with insomnia. The third section explains types of treatments for people with insomnia. The last section gives a questionnaire that can help evaluate if someone may have insomnia. In the first section, Holcomb (2007) states “80% of patients with insomnia never tell their healthcare provider” (p 29). This number is significant because it is estimated that around 50 to 70 million Americans are affected by insomnia. As Holcomb describes, insomnia can affect all age groups, but it is more common in females and increases with age, stress, and medical conditions. According to Holcomb, Insomnia is defined as having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or wakening up refreshed. Insomnia can be either acute or chronic. Acute insomnia occurs in around 30% to 50% of adults and is described as insomnia lasting less than four weeks. Chronic insomnia occurs in around 10% to 30% of adults, lasts longer than four weeks, and is associated with daytime sleepiness. These number could be higher however, as Holcomb explains, because many people with insomnia do not tell anyone. In the second section of “Putting Insomnia to Rest,” Holcomb describes causes and risk factors of insomnia. Stress is one of the most common risk factors, which can also lead to anxiety and depression...
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...to sleep well until that weird incident happened on that night. VIII. I told her to close her eyes and try her best to sleep because both of us had class in the next morning, so it was too late to be still widely awake. IX. That incident had inspired me to read further about the sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, which is called as insomnia. X. After reading a lot of articles on the internet, I found out that this problem was actually being suffered by large number of people around the world. XI. As you are listening to me, I know that not everybody suffers from insomnia but still, there is a time when you cannot really close your eyes and you wonder what is stopping you from getting your nice and comfortable sleep. XII. Therefore, I dare to say that you are actually experiencing the same problem of those who are suffering from insomnia. XIII. Insomnia, which is due to various causes and includes a variety of symptoms, can be reduced or eliminated in a number of ways. XIV. In this lovely morning, I would talk about three ways on how you can overcome insomnia which are by using relaxation...
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...and interfere with your daily life, you may be suffering from a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders cause more than just sleepiness. The lack of quality sleep can have a negative impact on your energy, emotional balance, and health. A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental and emotional functioning. Polysomnography is a test commonly ordered for some sleep disorders. Disruptions in sleep can be caused by a variety of issues, from teeth grinding (bruxism) to night terrors. When a person suffers from difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep with no obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia. Getting a handle on insomnia can be difficult. Fortunately, adopting the right mind-set and adjusting your habits and routines can go a long way toward lessening — and even...
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...depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure, significant increase or decrease in weight or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, pscychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feeling of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt, inability to concentrate or indecisiveness, and suicidal thoughts. These symptoms reflect alternation in cognitive, psychomotor, biological, motivational, behavioral and emotional processes [1,2]. It is also affects the quality of daily life of community...
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...ruffles; other names include date rape drug, la roche, R2, rib, roach, roofenol, rope, rophies, the forget pill, getting roached, lunch money drug, Mexican Valium, pingus, Reynolds, Robutal, wolfies. Rohypnol is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to those of Valium (diazepam). It is used in the short-term treatment of insomnia, as a pre-medication in surgical procedures and for inducing anesthesia. Like other benzodiazepines (such as Valium, Librium and Xanax), Rohypnol's effects include sedation, muscle relaxation, reduction in anxiety, and prevention of convulsions. However, Rohypnol's sedative effects are approximately 7 to 10 times stronger than Valium. The effects of Rohypnol appear 15 to 20 minutes after administration and last approximately four to six hours. Some residual effects can be found 12 hours or more after administration. Rohypnol is not approved for medical use or manufactured in the United States and is not available legally. However, it is legally prescribed in over 60 other countries and is widely available in Mexico, Colombia, and Europe where it is used for the treatment of insomnia and as a pre-anesthetic. Therefore, it was placed into Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act in 1984 due to international treaty obligations and remains under that classification. Schedule IV drugs are considered to have a lower abuse potential but can lead to physical or psychological dependence. The penalties associated with the possession...
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...show that insomnia and disordered sleeping plague 50 to 80 percent of patients experiencing chronic pain. Sleep deprivation is a vicious cycle. Being kept up all night with aches and discomfort can make a bad situation worse—weakening the immune system, impairing cognitive functions, and intensifying chronic pain. Cannabis, specifically strains that contain more THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), can be an effective natural sleep aid. Finding the right strain can relieve insomnia, reduce pain, and give you a higher quality of rejuvenating sleep...
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...Introduction Twenty-first century technology has placed America in an environment where there is room for mistakes and everything is fast paced. Although it may seem beneficial to consumers, those who are left to do the work are stuck in stressful, competitive environments where there is no escape. When there is not enough time in the day, we tend to make time during the times our bodies are recuperating from a long days work. One night may not seem like too much of a problem, but it can progress to weeks or scattered sleeping patterns. Regardless of lack of time during the day, the night should be solely left to prepare our bodies to help us through the day to come. Lack of sleep can affect us the very next day, as well as accumulate to result in chronic illnesses. Some problems caused by sleep deprivation that affect all ages are drowsy driving, snoring, and decreased performance. Statistics show that “twenty percent of all serious car crash injuries in the general population are associated with driver sleepiness, independent of alcohol effects (Wickboldt et al., p4).” Teens are already known for their reckless driving, but most will not believe that the underlying problem is due to a lack of sleep. Most of these symptoms are usually unnoticed because it has become prevalent in the American culture to stay up late. In America alone, “it is estimated that 50 to 70 million Americans suffer from chronic disorder of sleep and wakefulness, hindering daily functioning and adversely...
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...Boley 1 Barbiturates Are They Dangerous and Deathly? Barbiturates are drugs that should be used as clinical depressants to treat individuals who suffer from insomnia, stress, anxiety, or epileptic seizures. “Well known figures such as: actress, Marilyn Monroe, and shipping millionaires, Christina Onassis used barbiturates that may have contributed to their deaths” (Los, Angeles Times, 1988). Forensic test showed the presence of two or more Barbiturates in their system at the time of their death. Barbiturates can be dangerous because when used over long periods of time they can become addictive. The body begins to build up an tolerance, thus causing the body to need a greater amount of the drug to achieve the desires affect, according to Narcotics Anonymous (www.na.org). Using barbiturates in large amounts can lead to an overdose, comatose state, or even death. Over the years barbiturates have obtained a ‘street name’ such as: “blues,” for Amytal, “yellow jacks,” for Nembutal, and “red birds,” for Seconal. Individuals who use these drugs for addiction purposes have either a high or low effect of the drug ranging from 4 to 6 hours. “Each time the drug is used to get that “high feeling” people become psychologically and physically dependent on the drug. After some time the body begins to have withdrawal symptoms such as: high excitability, loss of appetite; impaired motor skills, tremors, weight loss, and vomiting. In severe cases symptoms include...
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...all. And I am not the only one, millions of people is doing the same thing. It is because we need certain things: we desire different certain things. Now what is that problem called? Consumerism. Modern society is based on different things. But one of those things, consumerism, has been growing majorly over the past couple of decades, mainly in America. Americans consume exponentially more than any other country in the world and are the leaders in waste production and It’s not only depression - that is harming the over consumers, it’s also creates lifestyles disease. In many people lives it’s controlling their lives. For a lot of people their main concern is how other people seen. “The things you, end up owning you” – that is a quote from fight club. Fight club is a book/film who shows consumerism at its worst form. The main character is first in the film, completely controlled of consumerism, which is described later in the essay. The book Fight Club is written by Chuck Palahniuk, it was later turned into a film. The Film/book is about a nameless narrator who works for a major car manufacture how can’t sleep. He has insomnia. He stumbles across different types of support groups. They make the narrator let out whatever emotion he is feeling and lets him sleep. When Marla Singer enters she stops this, the narrator needs to find another way to sleep. This is where he meets Tyler Durden, his other self. And though the film, helps him free himself from his consumerism filed...
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...cramps, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and menopausal symptoms. It is also used orally as a “blood purifier”; to manage hypertension, infertility, joint pain, ulcers, “tired blood” (anemia), and constipation; and in the prevention and treatment of allergic attacks. Dong quai is also used orally for the treatment of loss of skin color (depigmentation) and psoriasis. Some men apply dong quai to the skin of the penis as part of a multi-ingredient preparation for treating premature ejaculation. C. Applied to the glans penis 1 hour before sex and washed off immediately before sex. D. No known personal experience. 3. Acai A. Acai, pronounced AH-sigh-EE, is a palm tree that is widely distributed in the northern area of South America. Its berries are used to make medicine. B. People use acai for osteoarthritis, high cholesterol, erectile dysfunction (ED), weight loss and obesity, “detoxification,” and for improving general...
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...Should Marijuana Be Legalized? “Herb is the healing of the nation, alcohol is the destruction.” –Bob Marley. Bob Marley believed that marijuana should be legalized for anyone and everyone to use how they want to. The legalization of marijuana would be beneficial to the government, and to the many people that suffer from several medical conditions such as nausea and chronic pain. Many others also agree that the legalization of marijuana would significantly benefit America. The legalization of marijuana for medical use would help out thousands of people with their physical and mental disabilities. First of all, “marijuana helps prevent nausea and vomiting. Two FDA-approved cannabis-based drugs helped to reduce chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. When taken orally, the drugs “worked as well as or better than some of the weaker FDA-approved drugs to relieve nausea and vomiting.” (5 Common Uses of Medical Cannabis) Also, medical marijuana helped patients with their loss of appetite. Cannabis stimulated appetite in cancer and AIDS patients in many studies. Animal studies have proven that inhaling cannabinoids increased food consumption. Furthermore, cannabis relieves muscle tension and spasms. Liquid extract used by MS experienced a decrease in muscle spasms and shacking. Studies on MS patients had a decrease in tremors and muscle stiffness when they had an intake of THC. Additionally, marijuana helped relieve pain. A Canadian team has found...
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...Psychoactive Drugs And Their Effects Abstract This paper discusses three different psychoactive drugs, one from each classification, and their general psychological and physical effects. Cocaine, a stimulant, Cannabis, a hallucinogen and Oxycodone, a depressant will be covered. Positive, neutral and adverse effects will be discussed as well as long-term use and withdrawal symptoms. Cannabis has a section regarding its medicinal use in society. Cocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and topical anesthetic that is extracted and refined from the Erythroxylum coca plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean region of South America. Coca leaf chewing has been around for thousands of years. The drug was first isolated in the 1850’s and had medicinal use through the late 19th century. Recreational use became a problem in the early 20th century and became illegal is the United States in 1914. The chemical name for cocaine is benzoylmethyl ecgonine; it is a bitter, white, odorless crystalline drug. Cocaine has multiple methods of ingestion; it can be insufflated, taken orally or intravenously. It can be smoked to some degree, but tends to burn rather than vaporize because of the high temperature required. Freebase cocaine vaporizes at smoking temperatures and creates a more intense high whilst using less product. Street terminology consists of coke, snow, nose candy, white, blow and soft, among others. Freebase is known as crack, rock and hard...
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...Ugonna Onyekachi Mr. Thompson PSY.150.4140 28 August 2015 Sleep disorder At one point in time everyone may have difficulties in sleeping. However, if you cannot shut your eyes for a nap or even get a deep sleep, then you may be struggling with sleeping disorders. These signs can manifest through the feelings of exhaustion despite sleeping for eight or more hours. Dozing off and nodding off during the day may also be experienced during work or study. Such a problem may be the result of health conditions such as depression, which often causes sleeping disorders. Sleep has an essential role in health and well-being throughout one’s life. Receiving enough and high-quality sleep can help boost your physical, social, and mental well-being as well as the quality of life. During sleep, the body works to boost the brain’s functioning while at the same time maintaining one’s physical health. Among the young-aged such as teenagers and children, sleep supports healthy growth and development. Sleep deficiency can happen at any time and cause health problems over time. The health problems in such cases may include poor clarity of thought, lack of concentration at work, poor social and interpersonal interactions, slowed reaction and poor memory in learning among others (Mignot at al. 10073). Somnipathy or sleep disorders can be regarded as medical disorders that affect sleep patterns of both human beings and animals. At times, sleep disorder can be so severe to the...
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...benefits and detrimental effects of how caffeine can alter the senses, as well as discuss how to assess your caffeine intake against the daily recommended amount of the drug. Body - * Caffeine is a huge part of our daily lives and our intake often reflects our health status. * The drug can often be found in many products throughout our society. * It can often be used in moderation in order to prevent Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, and even asthma. (Hensrud, 2010) * This is a major source of alertness, altering mood, and improving concentration. * While safe to use in moderation, the consumption levels of most Americans is often dangerous and can be detrimental to their health. * Insomnia, dizziness, and anxiety are often signs of over-consumption of caffeine. * Those who consume large amounts frequently become addicted and dependent on the drug. * Overdose has been reported from the drug and is a rising concern. * Monitoring and implementing a caffeine-regulating diet is essential through reading nutritional labels and knowing ingredients within the products you consume on a daily basis. * Recommended amount by the FDA of caffeine intake is 200-300 mg of caffeine per day. (Somogyi, 2009) * Searching for low-caffeinated sodas and alternatives to energy drinks is a manageable way to monitor your intake, as well as recording your diet through smart phone apps. Caffeine, known...
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