...1 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: ITS IMPORTANCE TO VARIOUS CAREER FIELDS AND PERSPECTIVE BY VARIOUS AUTHORS Priscilla N. Gitimu Doctoral Student Southern Illinois University Carbondale Department of Workforce Education and Development 311G Quigley Hall Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Carbondale, IL 62901-4605 618-453-1982 ukic@siu.edu 2 ABSTRACT Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more different societies Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today’s business, classroom, and community. Technology especially the internet has increased the probability that whatever is documented online will be read by someone from another culture. Intercultural communication is of importance in any career field thus the art of knowing how to communicate with other cultures should be a work place skill that is emphasized. This is a conceptual paper whose purpose is two fold. First the paper gives a synopsis of the importance of efficient and competent intercultural communication in various career fields; namely, education, business, medicine and in counseling. Secondly, the paper presents studies and perspectives that various authors have on intercultural communication. INTRODUCTION Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today’s business, classroom, and community. Hence...
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...Britain’s population. They developed tools to harness the potential of diverse communities, and their powers of innovation, for use by policymakers, planners and practitioners. These include a set of indicators of openness to check the readiness of a city to take advantage of diversity, and the intercultural lens through which professionals can examine the familiar in a new light. The study evaluated six aspects of local activity: public consultation and engagement urban planning and development business and entrepreneurship schools the arts and creative industries sport. The project went further by helping participating cities to develop specific economic, social, cultural and planning policies and so to become role models for others. The study draws on local case studies and in-depth interviews with 33 intercultural innovators in seven UK cities, with comparative analysis also conducted in Europe, North America and Australasia. It is aimed at policymakers and practitioners in local and regional government, neighbourhood renewal and community cohesion. This publication can be provided in alternative formats, such as large print, Braille, audiotape and on disk. Please contact: Communications Department, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, The Homestead, 40 Water End, York YO30 6WP. Tel: 01904 615905. Email: info@jrf.org.uk...
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...produced by the National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) under the National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation (NVETRE) Program, which is coordinated and managed by NCVER on behalf of the Australian Government and state and territory governments. Funding is provided through the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Requests should be made to NCVER. The NVETRE program is based upon priorities approved by ministers with responsibility for vocational education and training (VET). This research aims to improve policy and practice in the VET sector. For further information about the program go to the NCVER website . The author/project team was funded to undertake this research via a grant under the NVETRE program. These grants are awarded to organisations through a competitive process, in which NCVER does not participate. The views and opinions expressed in this...
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...Internationales Management: Intercultural Communication 1 Outline Activity 1.a. …...……………………………. p.3 Activity 1 b. and 1c. ……..……………………p.8 Activity 1 d. …………………………………p.10 Activity 1e.…………………………………. p.11 Reference……………………………………. p.12 2 Activity 1.a. • Establish 3 new folders on your PC: • Definitions of Culture • Culture Models • Articles on Cultural Difference • Create a new folder in your “favorites” called Culture. • Next, search your literature and the Internet (for instance, write in Google “definition of culture”) and collect and file at least 10 different definitions. • Discuss the contents with your tutor and select the one you like best. Definition of Culture There are lots of definitions of culture in scholar or public, in the book it defined:”Culture is the holistic interrelationship of a group’s identity , beliefs , values , activities , rules , customs , communication patterns , and institutions.”(Dodd, 1997, p.36)Furthermore , culture teaches significant rules , rituals , and procedure. Culture reinforces values. Culture teaches relationship with others.1 Culture Models This model demonstrates elements of culture composing a system.The inner core lies at the most significant level.The second and third set of elements are tied to the core , but remain an area for some degree of flexibility and change.(Dodd, 1997, p.38)2 Economic and Work Educational Technology and Material Religious Systems Kinship Systems Cultural Rules...
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...ethnocentricity, beliefs etc. This is because each of the groups has their own values and standards. Each of the cultures ethnocentricity is different and they use their own standards based on their culture to judge the behavior and beliefs of other individuals of a different culture. Each of the cultures has their own behaviors, values, customs, and beliefs that are taught from generation to generation, which is known as enculturation. Some of the other cultural phenomenons are nationality, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class. Each of these terms are used interchangeably and can cause much confusion in an organization. The different groups have a sense of connection with each other and can relate to their own culture. Intercultural communication is very important in the business world and is required when expanding business to other countries. To have a complete understanding of a different...
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...12-ICIT 9-11/4/07 in RoC Going for Gold ~ Best Practices in Ed. & Public Paper # : 07-08 Page- 1 /7 Challenges of Intercultural Management: Change implementation in the context of national culture Prof. Taina Savolainen School of Business, Management and Leadership, University of Joensuu, Finland taina.savolainen@joensuu.fi ABSTRACT This keynote address considers change implementation in the globalizing business environment in the context of culture. Organizations seek ways to cope with new situations in order to survive and be competitive. The primary strategic challenge in multicultural change processes is managing and implementing change successfully. The paper discusses the means of creating readiness for change and challenges they present to intercultural management. Keywords: Change, coping, culture, intercultural, implementation, middle management, readiness 1.0 Introduction Sustaining competitiveness force business organizations to adapt major changes and seek strategies that may be realized in varying, different cultural environments. This presents challenges to multicultural management, in general, and change implementation processes, specifically. Change implementation does no more concern organizational culture only. It is also dependent on understanding different national cultures and having behavioural skills accordingly. Organizations face, thus, constant challenge of change in management (Ascari, Rock & Dutta, 1995). Economic and social forces...
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...Business Communication Customs in Canada Presented to Professor D. A. Beaudoin, MBA Prepared by Claude D. Brooks February 14, 2007 Businesses, today, have gone global and many have formed multinational alliances. This globalization, along with technological advances, and the sheer number of companies dealing internationally has brought about a dramatic change in the way people from different cultural backgrounds interact. These cross cultural differences are most noticeable in areas such as in behavior, etiquette, norms, values, written expressions, oral communication, and non-verbal communication. If workers can understand their own culture, they are then better able to adapt to other cultures when communicating within them. Guffey states that another way to achieve intercultural proficiency is to recognize barriers and ways to overcome them (110). To effectively communicate across international borders, we must be sensitive to other cultures and avoid misunderstandings and contrary views resulting from the various intercultural differences (Guffey101). When communicating to international audiences, workers must also pay special attention to not only oral and written messages, but also nonverbal communication. Nonverbal behavior includes actions and behavior such as eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, and the use of time, space, and territory (113). As business communicators, it is...
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...Malaysia 2. Describe the prevailing culture of the people and their economic standing (e.g. languages, greetings, religions, per capita income, etc.). The cultures around the world are very different and very much the alike at the same time. The way people live around the world depends on the norms internalized by their societies. The given circumstances that differ around the world limit individual’s chances for fortune and life chances. There are endless questions that can be asked to compare or contrast culture from culture and nation from nation, but the fact that there are so many similarities amidst mankind should inspire cultural relativism and spread the attitude of multiculturalism. For country like Malaysia, culture is learned, practiced and shared through cultural diffusion. Many have learned that Malaysia is rich with diversity of races ranging from Malays, Chinese, Indians, and Bumiputera however very few people understand who Malaysians are. True enough that we are separated by different culture and beliefs. Though the mode of celebration, the dates and the traditions vary, the spirit remains as one Malaysia. Well, the most amazing thing to us is that we accepted appreciation, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultures, whether of a specific place, organizational level, schools, businesses, neighborhoods, cities or nations. In this sense, Malaysia is actually experiencing multiculturalism which approximates to respect for diversity. The fact to be understood...
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...Give a detailed narration unpacking how the Public Relations function has evolved over the years and the challenges that the practice faces in the developing countries. Public Relations function is as old as human civilisation. Published narrations or histories have usually telescoped and oversimplified a fascinating history by emphasising novelty and a few decorated personalities. There have been contributions in the professional literature that impart a meaningful picture of public relations function’s past and present (Cutlip, 1994). It has existed in one form or the other. There are a lot of examples of its varied form, content and end use. An ancient clay tablet, found in Iraq, told the Sumerian farmers how to grow better crops. That was over 4000 years ago. The Arabian tales relate how the celebrated Sultan Haroon-Al-Rashid used to wander about every night in disguise to see for him as to what the people really felt about his administration. However, the available literature makes us inclined to think of public relations as a 20th century phenomenon, but the desire to communicate with others and to deal with the impact of opinion dates back to ancient cultures (Wilcox and Cameron, 2003).Therefore, this paper seeks to give a detailed narration unpacking the public relations function evolution over the years and the challenges that the practice faces in the developing countries. In the Ramayana there is a character called Bhadro who used to report to Rama about...
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...Executive Summery Introduction Mastek (UK) is operating in UK since 1993 as subsidiary of Mestek Limited; provide Global Technology Solutions which mainly focusing on the areas of Insurance, Institution of Government and public sector and other numerous financial sector services. By application of industrial expertise, broad capabilities and strategic alliances, Mastek (UK) able to offer different kind of integrated portfolios in IT products and related services. These services are including Consulting of IT, Development of Applications, Integrations of systems, Outsourcing management, testing, storing. It also further performing business such as Business Intelligence, Security applications, Modernization of Legacy and Data Migrations. At present company’s employee strength is over 3500 peoples from different nationalities and it operating across the US, Canada, UK, Europe, Asia Pacifica and Middle East. Thus, Mastek operating eight of world class global delivery center in India and Malaysia. A person who took the cultural experience in this organization is working as a software engineer, who transferred from India Mastek to its UK branch. Nature of the Business Mastek (UK) Using an established framework, Mastek has over two decades of proven experience in the development and maintenance of large enterprise data warehousing and business intelligence decision support systems. Mastek's data warehousing and business intelligence solutions can help drive a lower total...
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...happens in an insecure, politically fragile and therefore challenging environment. There is always a challenge to match the crucial response time with the availability of experienced civilian workforce to be deployed for peace building missions. In this respect UN has rightly focused on building civilian capacity in members states. Creating a national database as a tool of human resource system is surely a need of the time. In this connection, the ‘Roster Concept’ also considers databases as crucial instruments. The most common functional and occupational skills of rosters that serve multilateral peace operations are in: a. Political affairs and democratization. b. Human rights. c. Rule of law. d. Humanitarian affairs. e. Public administration. f. Election administration....
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...Cross Cultural Management (BUS6060) Professor Dr. Wendy Chung San Diego Campus Research Paper - Great Britain - Cross Cultural Management Alliant International University Author Note Arturo Morales Student ID: 516395 Jeremy Liu (Fangming Liu) Student ID: 617063 Maria Röttgers Student ID: 617666 Historical Overview England itself is actually not a country, but part of Great Britain, which again is part of the United Kingdom. Great Britain consists of the three regions England, Scotland and Wales. Besides Great Britain, Northern Ireland is also part of the United Kingdom. The history of England goes back to thousands years before Christ. Therefore, this historical overview will outline some major events in British history and will concentrate more on the last century. Major events in British history were The Hundred Years War against France during the 14th century and the civil war that was also known as the War of Roses: the House of York was fighting against the House of Lancaster for the English throne, which weakened the power of the English aristocracy. (Strasbourg l’europénne: 2014) Another aspect of the British history is that England, Scotland and Ireland are very different countries with different histories. Each kingdom favored a different form of religion. The English favored a moderate form of Protestantism, the Scottish were Calvinist and the Irish were stouthearted Catholics. But each kingdom also had strong minorities of other religions...
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...ResearchersWorld -Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce ■ E-ISSN 2229-4686 ■ ISSN 2231-4172 SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS: LINKING GLOBAL PRACTICES WITH LOCAL PERSPECTIVE Akbar Ali, Faculty of Management Information System National University of Sciences & Technology, Pakistan ABSTRACT Present study aims to link the global HRM in local context. HRM deals with the responsibilities, functions, behaviors and importance of employee. Hence the significance of HRM in organization is marvel. Previously not much attention had been given to manage employee in an organized manner, but with the passage of time need were felt to shift to formalization. The level of HRM practices do not show the formalized structure, therefore it is found mandatory to focus our country so that a step towards the identification and filling of gaps is initiated. HRM role is supposed to be very inclined towards humanitarian factors. In Pakistan the issue of traditional management is required to be addressed to transform it to HRM conceptualization in true letter and spirit. In Pakistan context this article is being written with the confidence that it will help managers to link the global HRM practices in local context in their organizations. Keywords: HRM, Organisation Pakistan. International Refereed Research Journal ■ www.researchersworld.com ■ Vol.–IV, Issue–1, January 2013 [78] ResearchersWorld INTRODUCTION: -Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce ■ E-ISSN...
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...Intercultural communication - Afghanistan Section 1: group’s identity, history and cultural traditions (500 words) Culture For thousands of years in Afghanistan the country has been invaded, civil wars and terrorist activities. The country has been overturned destroying much of the countries culture and tradition. The culture and way of life in Afghanistan has changed over the years leaving it with no other way to define it. There are many more differences than there are similarities throughout the country. Nearly all of the people are Muslim and this is probably the greatest similarity amongst them. Loyalty within the local tribes is a major issue, but even this is not true among all of the people. Today less than a quarter of the Afghanis are urbanized and over three quarters make a living in agriculture. The way of life is still reliant on the land and on community. For many of these farmers life revolves around the sunlight, weather, seasons, and also religion, which holds an important place in the lives of most people. The weekly and daily schedule is often dictated by the above mentioned items and there is little discretionary income to take time off of work, to travel, or to spend money on items they want. Although farmers grow a huge number of crops, one of the easiest to grow in the country is opium, which is easy to sell and makes good money on relative terms. This has led to some outside groups to fight this industry, but for many people this is a traditional crop...
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...PADMASHREE DR. D. Y. PATIL ARTS , COMMERCE AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, PIMPRI, PUNE 18 M.A. PART 2 SEM 3 PAPER 2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE TEACHING PROJECT TOPIC: “TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONTEXT” SUBMITTED BY: GAURAV .N. SHIMPI CHECKED BY: PROF. DIPTI PETHE YEAR : 2012 -2013 INDEX Introduction Aims and Objectives Meaning and Nature of Language English Language and Literature in India Role of Language in Teaching Literature Sociolinguistic Contest in Learning and Teaching English Language Conclusion Bibliography INTRODUCTION Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently. It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc., and how creation and...
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