...signaling points. 5. SS7 PROTOCOL STACK: The hardware and software functions of the SS7 protocol are divided into functional abstractions called "levels." These levels map loosely to the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) 7-layer model defined by the International Standards Organization (ISO). Image Source: http://www.eurecom.fr/~dacier/Teaching/Eurecom/Intro_computer_nets/ Recommended/ss7.pdf 7 | P a g e Signaling System 7 The OSI Reference Model and the SS7 Protocol Stack: Message Transfer Part: The Message Transfer Part (MTP) is divided into three levels. 1. The lowest level, MTP Level 1, is equivalent to the OSI Physical Layer. MTP Level 1 defines the physical, electrical and functional characteristics of the digital signaling link. Physical interfaces defined include E-1 (2048 kb/s; 32 64 kb/s channels), DS-1 (1544 kb/s; 24 64kb/s channels), V.35 (64 kb/s), DS-0 (64 kb/s) and DS-0A (56 kb/s). 2. MTP Level 2 ensures accurate end-to-end transmission of a message across a signaling link. Level 2 implements flow control, message sequence validation and error checking. When an error occurs on a signaling link, the message (or set of messages) is retransmitted. MTP Level 2 is equivalent to the OSI Data Link Layer. SS7 Signal Units: An SS7 message is called a signal unit (SU). There are three kinds of signal units: 1. Fill-In Signal Units (FISUs), 2. Link Status Signal Units (LSSUs) 3. Message Signal Units (MSUs) 3. MTP Level 3 provides message routing between signaling points in the SS7 network...
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...The Human Computer Interface By: Dustin Hudson March 4, 2014 CIS 106: Prof. Howell In today’s world, there are various types of technology that humans interact with on a day to day basis. Technology is an ever evolving industry that is constantly trying to meet the demands of its consumers. Whether you are trying to write a document in Microsoft Word, talking to your IPhone using Siri, or having your respiration rates being monitored by a machine at the doctor’s office, all of these technologies are designed to interact with humans. The science behind designing technologies to meet the needs of human interaction is known as the human-computer interface. The human-computer interface involves many different perspectives in order to be effective. Most companies assemble a team when trying to develop a software program. This team can include people from departments such as “marketing, engineering, and manufacturing to get different perspective” (G. Anderson, D. Ferro, and R. Hilton 2013). Some teams even include psychology majors in order to get perspectives on human behavior and human memory. Developing a sound software program is very important in order for it to be successful. It has to be not only technically sound and reliable, but it also must be visually appealing to the consumer and work hand in hand with that person’s memory storage. A person has three types of memory, sensory storage, short term memory and long term memory. “Sensory storage works as a buffer to...
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...1 1 Nature of the interface Biosensor, in essence, is a device that detects and measures electric impulses in biological elements such as skin, muscle or brains. Biosensors can also be used to detect certain biological analytes or in other words, components, from chemical substances. This could be the concentration of a distinct conductive element in the blood flow of a person for example or a toxin in a food product. The use of biosensors provides a multitude of different inputs for a user interface. Biosensors themselves are rather inadequate in order to be used as the sole way to control a user interface. Instead they can be used to enhance the user experience and widen the range of input methods used in an interface. For example the use of biosensors enables a system to respond to the user’s heartbeat rate and muscle tension or to identify the position and movement of body parts such as fingers. Currently, existing biosensors measure physiological activity, muscle electrical activity, brain electrical activity, and eye movement among other things. Extracting accurate physiological data from biosensors is often a complex task. In particular, extracting data from different typologies of biosensors will require architecture of great flexibility and the possibility to connect them to different external monitoring devices. Biosensors are key components in both physiological and psychophysiological computing. Psychophysiological computing can be considered to be the same as...
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...with around 20 personnel, so did not follow all the professional courtesies that one may imagine in an enterprise. A good example may be, that company decisions were announced on the lunch table. This being my first professional project, I got emotionally attached to it at a certain level. I could not see it dying. In a meeting with the CEO, when informed about the halting of the project for a few months, I suggested to launch this product as open web portal till the time we get a potential buyer for it. As launching it would not require much additional investment and resources, since only the interface of application had to be changed according to web portal, he decided to give it a thought. Meanwhile I was shifted to another project. Though I started working on another project, the idea of a web portal was still at the back of my mind. I started working on designing the User Interface for web portal after office hours. Though I am a frequent internet browser, I had very little experience of actually designing a web site myself, so I just picked up some features from popular social networking sites and search engines, integrated them together to represent the functionality of our project. I took some screen shots of what I had created and put together a presentation and showed it to my CEO. After a prolonged...
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...to serve user needs for training and reference. * The main advantage of online documentation are always available, keyword searching, and ease of distribution. Unlike print documentation which can easily get lost, online documentation is always available when the system is used. * One of the significant advantages of online documentation is the ability to search for terms or phrases via keyword searches a big improvement over fixed indexing. * Another important advantage of online documentation is ease of distributing the documentation and it is provided along with the program itself. * For instance, Apple Help concepts: Apple designs the help viewer application and help application programming interface. It describes the help viewer interface, how help viewer displays user help book, and how users access help from their application. * Users view online help in Help Viewer, a browser-like application designed to display HTML help content. * One of the primary advantages of Help Viewer for viewing online help is its ability to quickly and accurately search an installed set of help content. * Online help with an idea of what users want to accomplish; help should allow them to get the information they need as quickly as possible and get on with their tasks. Fig: 1 A query entered in the search field of Help Viewer * Google Help outs: Google Help outs platform, launched by Google in late...
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...Assignment 3: Input Controls and Restricting User Interface INPUT CONTROLS No matter how data enters an information system, the quality of the output is only as good as the quality of the input. When developing or purchasing a new system or application, it is important that the system or application has adequate input controls. “Input controls ensure the complete and accurate recording of authorized transactions by only authorized users; identify rejected, suspended, and duplicate items; and ensure resubmission of rejected and suspended items (Understanding Internal Control).” These controls are critical because a large number of errors in computer systems are the results of input errors. “Input controls will ensure that data is accurately processed through the application and that no data is added, lost, or altered during processing (Hall, 2011).” There are several types of input controls for an input design such as check digits, reasonableness checks, validity checks, and batch total control. In this paper, I will discuss these input controls more in detail. When human beings use numbers - whether keying them into computers, dialing them on telephones, or reading them and telling them to others; they tend to make certain kinds of mistakes such as entering an incorrect digit, changing the order of successive digits, or adding additional digits. These types of simple mistakes are known as transposition and transcription errors. Check digits are an input control...
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...Downloaded By: [Schmelich, Volker] At: 10:58 11 March 2010 Focus THEME COMPETITIVESTRATEGY FOR ELECTRONIC COMMERCE In many respects, Korean economy has been coordinated by the visible hand of the government. The world economy is becoming a borderless one, which directly affects the Korean economy driving it into an open economy. The rising cost of production factors, wage rates, interest rates, and land costs stalls economic growth. Both internal and external economic environment casts doubt over the prospects of the Korean economy. Both public and private sectors are looking for ways to maintain their competitive edge by improving economic efficiency, and one of those efforts is the use of IT. They are making an utmost effort to build the information-communication infrastructure, and promoting EC to explore new business opportunities. Various efforts are being made to facilitate the diffusion of the EC in Korea. The diffusion of proprietary EC within a conglomerate may be made quickly with little trouble. The IOS or EC within a conglomerate is highly likely to be a closed one, which is not unusual among Korean conglomerates. This may result in a situation that goes against global technological future: an open EC system. Korean corporates have recently devoted a vast amount of effort to business process reengineering using IT to improve efficiency. In contrasts, SMEs lack appropriate IT skills requirrd for such innovative movements. This may result...
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...Electronic Case Questions Week 5 Question 1: Using the guidelines from this chapter and other sources, evaluate the usability of the page design depicted in PE Figure 8-1. Answer: Some of the words are in a different language, which is incorrect. If you want to have, different cultures able to use the page, have a setting that switches all content from English to Spanish, or whatever other languages needed. Page should not display information randomly in different languages. I like the click to act method they have. Overall, I believe the page has limited capabilities to help most users’ interactivity. Question 2: Chapter 8 encourages the design of a help system early in the design of the human interface. How would you incorporate help into the interface as shown in PE Figure 8-1? Answer: You need to think about what the user is likely to do if they do not know something when creating a help system. The help system needs to be simple as well as easy to access. Help messages should be short, to the point and easily understood. It can show the users how do to something. I would incorporate a help by explaining to guests how to look at their point’s record. That way if a user wants to know how he or she got the points the help system you design can show the most unknowledgeable computer person easy transition to the information they are looking for. Question 3: Describe how cookie crumbs could be used in this system. Are cookie crumbs a desirable navigation...
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...Voice Recognition System Using Matlab Aakash Kalyani Basic Function of Code Verification CODE (MAIN) function varargout = main(varargin) % MAIN M-file for main.fig % MAIN, by itself, creates a new MAIN or raises the existing % singleton*. % % H = MAIN returns the handle to a new MAIN or the handle to % the existing singleton*. % % MAIN('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local % function named CALLBACK in MAIN.M with the given input arguments. % % MAIN('Property','Value',...) creates a new MAIN or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before main_OpeningFcn gets called. An % unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to main_OpeningFcn via varargin. gui_Singleton = 1; gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ... 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ... 'gui_OpeningFcn', @main_OpeningFcn, ... 'gui_OutputFcn', @main_OutputFcn, ... 'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ... 'gui_Callback', []); if nargin && ischar(varargin{1}) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); end if nargout [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); end % Choose default command line output for main ...
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...RME 7: 1- Textbook Chapter 14 Question 8: Describe the interrelationships between the human factor requirements, the reliability requirements and maintainability requirements; that is their impact on each other. Provide some examples. The basic design objectives for the system and its element should be compatible with the system operational requirements, maintenance and support concept and the prioritized technical performance measures; comply with the allocated design to criteria and meet all of the requirements in the various applicable specifications. These three requirements, human factor, reliability and maintainability are design-dependent parameters, and also are considerations in system design. This system design endeavour needs an appropriate and on time application of engineering and management efforts to maximize the likelihood that the resulting system design will be operationally feasible. Operational feasibility points out that the system will perform in an effective and efficient manner in response to a given customer need. These requirements have a considerable effect on the ultimate worth of a system. The reliability is the most prominent design-dependent parameter. Whilst reliability deals with time to failure, maintainability has to do with time repair. Also usability is a parameter linking human factors with the system. In this regard, downtime and the waste of resources for maintenance stem for lack of the proper consideration of reliability and maintainability...
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...Systems Analysis and Design (SAD) is an exciting, active field in which analysts continually learn new techniques and approaches to develop systems more effectively and efficiently. In business, SAD refers to the process of examining a business situation with the intent of improving it through better procedures and methods. System analysis and design relates to shaping organizations, improving performance and achieving objectives for profitability and growth. The emphasis is on systems in action, the relationships among subsystems and their contribution to meeting a common goal. Systems development can generally be thought of as having two major components: Systems analysis and Systems design. System design is the process of planning a new business system or one to replace or complement an existing system. System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems, and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. This is the job of the systems analyst. A system is orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective. Its main characteristic are organization, interaction, interdependence, integration and a central objective. To construct a system, system analyst must consider its elements- input and output, processors, control, feedback, and environment. Systems are classified as physical or abstract, open or closed, and man-made information systems. A system may be schematic...
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...Online Movie theatre’s Ticket booking system Objective: • This is a online web site on which user as well as theatre owner register themselves and use this site to update movies in theatre and search for particular location of theatre as well as book tickets for particular movie. Also theatre authority can check by ticket number for valid user. Database Design: ER-Schema: FirstName UserID CreditInfo Name Movie Ticket ZipCode StreetAddre f s TheatreID NameofMovie Actor Movie City State Location 1-n Lastna me UserID UserInfo ExpDate Favorite Answer NameofTheatre Theatre NumofScreen TheatreID County MovieID MvoieID Director Screen n-1 1 n TheatreID Capacity Actress Rated Releas eYear Time1 n-n n-n n-n ScreenID ShowTime TheatreID ScreenID Capacity MovieID Tables: CreditInfo: Attributes NumofCreditCard Type Name UserID ExpDate Ticket Movie UserInfo: Attributes FirstName LastName UserID Password Favorite Reply Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Data Type Number Text Text Text Text Number Data Type Text Number Text Text Text Number Text Data Type Number Number Number Number Data Type Number Number Text Data Type Number Data Type Number Text Text Text Date Number Text Location Attributes ZipCode State City StreetAddress County TheatreID Movie: Attributes NameOfMovie MovieID Actor Actress Director ReleaseYear Rated Screen: Attributes MovieID ScreenID TheatreID Capacity Theatre: Attributes TheatreID NumofScreen NameOf Theatre ...
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...the interaction between people and computers and the construction of interfaces to afford this. Interaction between users and computational artefacts occurs at an interface which includes both software and hardware. Interface design impacts the software life-cycle in that it should occur early; the design and implementation of core functionality can influence the user interface – for better or worse. Because it deals with people as well as computers, as a knowledge area HCI draws on a variety of disciplinary traditions including psychology, computer science, product design, anthropology and engineering. HC: Human Computer Interaction (4 Core-Tier1 hours, 4 Core-Tier2 hours) Core-Tier1 hours HCI: Foundations HCI: Designing Interaction HCI: Programming Interactive Systems HCI: User-cantered design & testing HCI: Design for non-Mouse interfaces HCI: Collaboration & communication HCI: Statistical Methods for HCI HCI: Human factors & security HCI: Design-oriented HCI HCI: Mixed, Augmented and Virtual Reality 4 4 Core-Tier2 hours Includes Electives N N HC/Foundations [4 Core-Tier1 hours, 0 Core-Tier2 hours] Motivation: For end-users, the interface is the system. So design in this domain must be interaction-focussed and human-centred. Students need a different repertoire of techniques to address this than is provided elsewhere in the curriculum. Topics: • • • Contexts for HCI (anything with a user interface: webpage, business applications, mobile applications, games, etc.) Processes...
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...Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets Some of the Intellectual Properties that KAMB Sporting Goods will feature are an E-Bay Website application, Sporting Goods website, sports information section and a Motion-Sensor Software. The motion-sensor software is software created to improve movements of athletes. This particular software is used for football, baseball and golf. Some of the professional leagues of these particular sports along with collegiate sports also use this particular equipment. The software is combination of motion sensors and computer movements combined into one. The website will mirror the image and branding elements showcased in the retail store. The main keys to the website are to provide a resources area, offering articles, research product information, and website links of interest to its customers. We will advertise the web address in local magazine ads, newspapers, radio, TV, etc… Financial Information KAMB Sporting Goods store will regularly monitor all financial statements; they will also have a direct correlation to the health of our business and store. We have forecasted into the future with a steady, but moderate growth rate where sales will grow by 2% every month and 24% every year. All sales will be in cash or credit card, which will lead to positive cash flow. Profits will be reinstated into the business in hopes of future product & expansions. Key assumptions: Growth rate: 2% per month, Daily sales: 6 shoes per day at avg $70,...
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...special person to do this kind of job and even though it is stressful, that special person thrives in this kind of work and are very good at managing it. For a successful project management, there are four areas that must be controlled and they are: 1. Assigning tasks to team members after organizing each individual into a team. 2. Closely monitoring and controlling the progress of the project. 3. Communication monitoring for the project. 4. Keeping track of all the open activities in the lifetime of the project. Systems design is the structuring the components and organizing the process of the system so that the new system can be programmed. The components are composed of the network, software, application architecture, system interfaces, user interfaces, the system appthat were built during the analysis. The outputs are the models or diagrams that describes the architecture of the system and detailed logic within the various components of the programming. Traditional Approach to Design The traditional approach to systems design is the data flow diagram which is enhanced by the addition of system boundary in which the designer sketches the system boundary to show the overall system. A structured design includes a system flowchart which show the movement of data among programs, manual processing steps, and files providing an overall view of the entire system. System flowcharts describes the interaction between layers of a multilayered system. Module pseudocode describes...
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