...Internal Controls for Information Technology ACC 544 September 2, 2013 Miriam Shealy Internal Controls for Information Technology Internal controls for Information Technology are important as they help protect the company’s assets. Internal controls are necessary to comply with the security of the company’s information. Internal controls will be reviewed in this document as well as how can the company review its security over their internal controls. The assets of the company need to be protected. In order to do so, the company needs to review for risks. The company needs to develop a plan for what internal control measures they would want to put into place. Internal controls will help guide how we protect our assets against threats and vulnerabilities. Threats to a company’s assets can be known or unknown. A hacker of the system can bring parts of a system down or lose some data. It also can completely take down the system. A company should have a threat agent that would help identify such a task. The IT team will need to correct and fix this quickly. It is necessary to have firewalls in the system that will help protect against vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities for the system would be not protecting the system. If there is not a firewall or security agent assigned to the system the information can be stolen and damaged by any type of threat. The company should take steps of system control with monitoring, managing, and having back...
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...Accounting is the entire process of recording and summarizing the business transactions, reporting accounting information, analyzing and interpreting accounting reports to help those interested parties such as managers, investors, bankers and creditors to make important business decisions. The final product of accounting is a set of financial statements comprising at least Balance Sheet and Profit & Loss Statement. These statements are useful to different users for different reasons. Accounting may be divided into financial accounting and management accounting. Financial accounting is the field of accounting that provides financial information for potential investors, creditors and other external users. Management accounting provides financial information for managers and other internal users. There are different kinds of users of financial statements. The users of financial statements may be from inside or outside of the business. They use financial statements for a large variety of business purposes and their ability to understand and analyse financial statements helps them to succeed in the business world. The various users of financial statements are classified and detailed as internal users and external users. Those who lack direct access to the financial information generated by the internal operations of a business are considered as external users. They rely on the financial accounting reports that management has prepared according to financial accounting...
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...Hot Chile Surfwear has its head office in Cancun and retail offices are spread at 23 locations within Mexico at present. Knowledge Management System would require as a first step to invest in data acquisition mechanism. Currently the practice is that each store sends some data either in spreadsheets or hard papers to be collated at the head office. In order that this data becomes important information can be translated into knowledge, it is essential that some vital statistics and information be captured periodically. Depending upon the source of the information, we would be classifying this into two categories – internal and external. Internal Source: This would refer to all the information which exists within the stores and the head office and can be pulled out without any dependence on an external agency (Christopher, J. 1994). Some of the examples are - Sales figures at each store Customer foot fall at each store Merchandise wise sales Enquiries for product line unavailable Customer Segmentation at each store – by age, gender, personality types Salesperson wise sales or units sold Productivity rate i.e. Number of people who bought something vs. total foot fall Advertising Campaigns/ POS used at each store Sales increase post advertising , in-store marketing External Source: In addition to the above, it would be essential that the company also gathers data from outside agencies, from secondary sources like research firms, market, Television,...
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...computer or the Internet was hardly accessed, communication within distant people mainly relied on massive posts. You may not realize, information management was done in both cases as a personal was trying to organize information in a deliverable manner to others or his/herself. The term “information management” may be quite unfamiliar to general public. People would think that it might be related to computer science and information technology, which are newly brought out in this century. By the Dr. T.D. Wilson (University of Sheffield), information management refers to how information is acquired, organized, controlled and disseminated (Wilson). Indeed, information management has long been existed and “living” with us. Experts have different comments on Information management models. Some said models are typically wrong in nature but somehow useful (Box & Draper 1987). To summarise the features of IM model, it could be the representation of structure or diagnostic tool (HKU). This essay introduces four information management models and how they are involved in daily life. Each model would be illustrated with certain examples to let readers have a better understanding. In this essay, four information management models are discussed, namely Shannon Weaver Communication Model, 5 Rings Information Model, Kuhlthau’s Research Model and Information Transfer Cycle. A. Shannon Weaver Communication Model Shannon Weaver Communication Model is a cycle with several stages and...
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...Unit1/Assignment 2 03/25/13 Impact of a Data Classification Standard “Internal Use Only” This is my brief report on the IT infrastructure domain. I will be describing the “internal use only “data classification standards set by Richman Investments. The user domain is the first layer of the IT infrastructure I will discuss that is affected by the “internal use only” standard. It is the first layer and what some believe to be the weakest in the infrastructure. The user domain is where personal information is created and obtained for internal use only. Each person will have set permissions on what they can and cannot do. This way no one person can mess up or delete anything that doesn’t need to be (Jones and Bartlett Learning). The work station domain is the second layer of the infrastructure that I will discuss. This is also affected by the “internal use only” standard. This layer is where the user can access the network and any applications or information on the system. This requires a user to login with a password or authentication of some kind. This has to be done before this person can get to this information. This will help keep people out that aren’t supposed to be accessing the information (Jones and Bartlett Learning). The LAN to WAN domain is the third layer of the infrastructure I will discuss. I feel this is also affected by the “internal use only” standard. The TCP and UDP are not safe due the fact these...
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...I- Review the steps in the marketing research process. How would you classify the two sources of information Nick Thomas has consulted-trade publications and informations from Zen’s internal System? R1- The different sterketing research process are 1-Establich the need for marketing research 2-Define the problem 3-Establish research objectives 4- Determine research design 5-Identify information types and sources 6- Determine methods of accessing data 7- Design data collection forms 8- Determine the sample plan and size 9- Collect data 10- Analyse data 11- Prepare and present the final research reporps in the mat -For the first sources of information Nick Thomas has was to trade publication has to do with Primary classify which we think it has to do with steps 1,2 and 3 of the marketing research process why Secondary classify case of information is the internal report system we being from step 4,5,and 9 . II- Assume Nick Thomas decides that he must gather primary information to decribes the strength of consumers ‘ attitudes toward future oil price levels and global warming. Looking back at the 11-step process in this chapter,suggest what Nick may want to do in terms of the following: A-Why types of research design should Nick use? The type of research design Nick has to...
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...Provide Information to support Decision Making This article talks about an important subject in relation to our class which is the role or the usage of information in decision making. In this article, the author talked about the importance of having such an effective system to obtain, analyze and communicate information to support and take decisions, so decision will be taken based on qualitative and quantitative information. The author also touched on how information collecting is time and resources consuming. Thus, the author concern was how to get over this obstacle by introducing an effective ways to collect, record, analyze and communicate information. Frist, Obtaining information, when deciding on which information to obtain, the author encourages to first use the information available to your organization, such as financial, statistical, personal records and internal auditing or monitoring. On the other hand obtaining information from outside of an organization and the author gave some ideas on how to do that effectively. Some of which are; using commission for social inspection (CSCI) reports or any other specialty commissioned research. Another way would be collecting information form service’s users or customers and in terms of collecting information from users, we will have two type of information; quantitative that provide statistical data, and qualitative information that most of the time provide information on how satisfied...
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...External Description 3. External View 4. Internal Description 5. Internal View 6. Further Notes 7. References 1. General Description of the Information System Title Online Airplane Ticket Reservation Information System (OATRIS) General Description OATRIS is the system that help user to buy airplane ticket through Internet. It processes user’s preferred flight timeline and the payment. Then, transform it into e-ticket. Users and Functions Customer: * Input desired destination and the timeline * Check the flight availability * Choose the flight price and the payment method * Decide and make the payment * Printout the transaction evidence as the e-ticket Notification Information System: * Send confirmation and notification email to customers Online Payment Information System: * Calculate total payment based on customer’s reservation * Update customer’s payment and reservation status Check-in Officer (at the airport): * Match the name on customer’s ID and the reserved (and paid) ticket in the system * Transform information of reserved ticket into boarding pass and manage the baggage (if any) Instance Silk Air is one of airlines that offer online booking through internet. 2. External Description Inputs Customer: * Personal preferences * Destination, date, number of occupants Outputs Customer: * E-Ticket, consisting detail information about the name of the person who will travel...
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...20 Week 5 Check Point: Integrated Information Management Michael Rasmussen HSM 220 August 23, 2013 Kevin Larry Week 5 Check Point: Integrated Information Management In order for organizations to perform at an optimal level data and information of the highest importance and quality must be collected and made available for the best decision making and greatest possible impact on the communities they serve. When it comes to data and information there are two types needed that are important to organizations, external and internal. Within the external and internal data there are certain considerations to be made. External considerations include economic, sociological, political, and technological. The internal data and information considerations include organizational purpose, planning, and operations as well as human, financial, and technological resources. The economic considerations that need to be made include who are the present and future funding sources, developing a reputation with funders to learn their needs, input of demographics and client population, the problems and needs of clients, throughput of resources devoted to each program and service, and output of volume of services provided to each client. Also, output for volume of services provided to each client, dropout/ success rate of clients in each program, and success of the programs defined. Information is collected through input, throughput, output, and outcomes for referral sources, consumers,...
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...Integrated Information Management Matt Gunther HSM/220 July 22, 2012 Integrated information management External data and information considerations consists of four external factors that are economic, sociological, political and technological. Economic factor consists of funding sources, contributors, consumers and competitors. Sociological factors include the local community where the agency functions. Political factors are all the regulatory and accrediting bodies including the agencies board of directors. The technological domain is about all the areas an agency needs to improve regarding technological advancements. All four domains must be kept in check and any questions that may come up need to be addressed so that the agency will have the necessary information when it is needed. Internal data and information considerations consists of organizational purpose, organizational planning, organizational operations, human resources, technological resources, and financial resources. The first three domains have to do with the vision of the agency, reviewing the short term, and long term plans for the agency and the everyday expectations of agency and what data will be needed for the purpose, planning and operations of the agency. Human resources domain is about what data or information is needed regarding employees of the agency. What data is to be tracked regarding employees licensing, certifications, trainings, health information. Technological...
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...An accounting information system c) Data d) Mandatory information 2. Facts that are collected, recorded, stored and processed by an information system a) Information b) Data c) Systems d) Mandatory information 3. Information is a) What happens when the data exceeds the amount the human mind can absorb. b) The benefit produced by the information minus the cost of producing it. c) Facts that are collected, recorded, stored, and processed by an information system. d) Data that have been organized and processed to provide meaning to a user. 4. Data are a) facts entered, stored, and processed by an information system. b) processed output that is useful to decision makers. c) another word for information. d) quantitative facts that are not qualitative by nature. 5. Which of the following statements below shows the contrast between data and information? a) Data is the output of an AIS. b) Information is the primary output of an AIS. c) Data is more useful in decision-making than information. d) Data and information are the same. 6. The value of information can best be defined as a) how useful it is to decision makers. b) the benefits produced by possessing and using the information minus the cost of producing it. c) how relevant it is. d) the extent to which it maximizes the value chain. 7. An accounting information system (AIS) processes __________ to provide users with __________. a) data; information b) data; transactions c) information; data d) data;...
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...the components of quality data? Answer1. The latest information technology dimensions has enabled to make diverse use of data and turning the raw data into meaningful information to extract the quality. Data can be referred to raw numbers, figures which are useless unless they are put into a form and converted into a useful information. A data is said to be effective when it is converted into useful form or rather can be used to provide some information. When the raw data which is numeric, figures is converted into meaningful information, it is said to be known as information which can be used to give the data a meaning. Data quality is defined by its usefulness. When the data offers accurate information regarding a person or an organization then it is said to be known as data quality. The components of data quality can be analyzed with the help of the following data elements: 1. Accuracy which defines how correct and precise is the data 2. Completeness, the comprehensiveness of data also defines the data quality 3. Timeliness, the timely updates on the data also ensures that the data is correct and free from any discrepancy 4. Relevancy, the data that is gathered should be relevant which defines the purpose and fulfills the use. It defines that the data gathered accomplish the purpose 5. The last element of data quality is its availability. It defines the availability of the data to have access to the information. The above five key elements ensures that the data...
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...someone who creates a blog, the written information on the blog will be the message. 3. Channel- the way the message travels between the source and the receiver. In the phone conversation the channel would be the telephone lines to the telephone receiver on the other side, with the blog, the channel would be the internet and the blog itself would be the message. 4. Receiver- interpreter of the message, the person to whom the message is sent to is the receiver. The receiver could be the listener or a reader, most depends on the channel chosen for communication....
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...2 Types of data HR collect & why Personnel data – right to work, Absence – patterns, triggers, reasons Storing data: Spreadsheets, HR Systems, on file Pie charts, social media Presneting info Good way of getting info around – team brief – Q&A, Images, graphs, presentations, News letter Internal data data – purchasing, marketing Storing Data electronically: Electronic data can be easily shared and takes up less space. Online HR systems are available to employees where data and information can be added and updated by an individual and also can be accessed by one or more people such as line managers. This is useful for appraisals . UK Legislation relating to the recording, storing and accessibility of HR data The freedom of information Act 2000 enables the right to ask any organisation in the public sector for recording information that they keep on any subject. There are no restrictions on who can make a request. You must make a written request detailing your name, address and the information you require. You may have to pay a small fee and your request should be responded to within 20 days. Who can see it and who can’t – individual- employee can look at file, employer has to ensure it’s up to date and accurate – or Third party – eg auditor has to have permission from employee to see their file. Data can be collected in two different types of formats within an organisation. These are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative is data collected...
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...and I have been asked by my supervisor to write a report describing the “Internal Use Only” data classification standard of the company. Below are my findings of how these domains are affected. The first layer that I noticed that was affected by the “Internal Use Only” data classification standard was the user domain. The user domain is the weakest layer of the IT infrastructure and this is where the personal information is created. All users must be required to sign in before accessing the network because they have access to the information. If employees don’t sign in and agree with the acceptable use policy, they will be terminated immediately. The second layer I noticed that was affected by the “Internal Use Only” data classification standard is the workstation domain. The work station domain is where users access the systems, applications and the data first. Most users connect to the IT infrastructure through the workstation domain, which is why you to login and put in a password before you are allowed to access and view the information. The third layer that I noticed that was affected by the “Internal Use Only” data classification standard was the LAN-to-WAN domain. The LAN-to-WAN domain was affected because the UDP and TCP are easily accessible because they are the entry and exit points to the WAN which make the private information easily accessible to anybody. Fundamentals of Information Systems Security, Jones & Bartlett Learning, p....
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