...MBA505 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT REV11A CHAPTER 1: ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENT POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, LEGAL, TECHNOLOGICAL CHAPTER SYNOPSIS This chapter explains the elements of International Business Management. It gives a sound understanding of factors such as Political and Economic Environment, Legal Environment, and Technological Environment. Also, it covers the effects of Regional Trading Blocks, Information Technology, The Globalization of Human Capital, The Global Manager’s Role CHAPTER OUTLINE The Global Business Environment Regional Trading Blocks Information Technology The Globalization of Human Capital The Global Manager’s Role The Political and Economic Environment The Legal Environment The Technological Environment ISSUES FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION I. The Global Business Environment A. Global management Global management is the process of developing strategies, designing and operating systems, and working with people around the world to ensure sustained competitive advantage. 1. Globalism “Global competition characterized by networks that bind countries, institutions and people in an interdependent global economy.” 2. Evidence/Indicators of Globalism The growth rate of the trade of goods has grown faster than the world production of goods. The European Union has now caught up with the United States to share the position of the world’s largest investor. 2011 AMERICAN CITY UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 28 MBA505 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ...
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...Industrial products might exhibit lower and higher levels of environmental sensitivity respectively. * Culture is changing so rapidly that innovative marketing may be able to change established consumption patterns rooted in cultural differences * Companies realize the importance of training and supporting people in cultural awareness Political, Legal and Regulatory Environment Political: Government institutions, political parties, and organizations Legal: Laws, courts, attorneys, and legal customs and practices Regulatory: Governmental and nongovernmental agencies Political Environment Nation-states and sovereignty: ①a country’s stage of development ②the political and economical system Political risk: The less developed a county, the greater the political risk. Dilution of equity control: Follow the law; leave the country; negotiate under the law; take preemptive action. Expropriation: The ultimate threat a government can pose Taxes: An Overview of International Business Negotiation Negotiation ->the action and the process of reaching an agreement by means of exchanging ideas with the intention of...
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...This essay will analyze the business environment of United Sates and China in terms of globalization and International managerial aspects. United States is considered as the largest economy in the world which represents twenty two percent of the global economy. It has a mixed economic system and the US dollar is the most utilized currency in worldwide transactions with several countries using it as their official or de-facto currency. United States is also the largest oil and gas producer globally. On the other hand, China is categorized as the second largest economy of the world just behind United States as per nominal GDP. China is believed to be a hub of manufacturing and exporting goods. It is also considered as the largest trading nation of the world. This essay will identify and examine major political, legal, economic and social issues in both countries. Furthermore it will highlight different strategies and theories which may assist International managers in countering the issues they may face in these two countries. Political issues are government activity which may impact business operations and management. International managers must have knowledge about the risks which may affect firm. The political issues are mainly influenced by the nature of government type and its constitution and the features and policies of the political parties. The first point looked upon by managers are whether the country they intend to operate in is politically unstable. If so, industries...
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...International Business Environment BE2501 – Summary Chapter 1 Globalization – refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Globalization of markets – refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace. Globalization of products – refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land and capital) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) World Trade Organization (WTO) – is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in the trade treaties signed by WTO member states. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) were both created in 1944 by 44 nations that met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetary system; The WB was set up to promote economic development. United Nations (UN) – was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to persevering peace through international cooperation and collective security. International trade occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. Stock of foreign direct investment – refers...
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...Ethical Challenges in Latin American Cultures A Study of the Impacts of Culture in the Business Environment Warrington Thomas Edison State College International Management 372 Professor: Baker 06/16/2013 Elements Influencing Social Culture Culture is defined as a system of values and norms shared among a group of people and when taken together represent a system of living. Culture is not static but always evolving and it is important to take various factors into consideration when attempting to conduct business in international countries. Valuing cultural diversity in the workplace can boost morale and productivity. An effective employee who feels discriminated against because of cultural differences might get disconnected and leave the company. Values are the things that people believe to be right, good and desirable. Values are often reflected in the political and economic system of a country and includes society’s attitude towards things such as individual freedom, democracy, truth, honesty and loyalty among many other things. Ethics include the standards of moral behavior that are acceptable by a society as right or wrong. It includes basic moral values such as integrity, respect for human life, self-control, honesty, courage, cheating, cruelty and the list continues. Latin Americans are very proud of their culture individuals attempting to do business in this part of the world should be aware of the social conventions. ...
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...Chapter 2: The Political, Legal, and Technological Environment Learning Objectives and Chapter Summary |1. |INTRODUCE the basic political systems that characterize regions and countries around the world and offer brief examples of | | |each and their implications for international management. | | | | | |The global political environment can be understood via an appreciation of ideologies and political systems. Ideologies, | | |including individualism and collectivism, reflect underlying tendencies in society. Political systems, including democracy| | |and totalitarianism, incorporate the ideologies into political structures. There are fewer and fewer purely collectivist or| | |socialist societies, although totalitarianism still exists in several countries and regions. Many countries are | | |experiencing transitions from more socialist to democratic systems, reflecting related trends discussed in Chapter 1 toward| | |more market-oriented economic systems. | |2. |PRESENT an overview of the legal and regulatory environment in which MNCs operate worldwide, and highlight differences in | | |approach to different legal and regulatory...
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...International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Ninth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska-Lincoln •Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University Mc Graw Hill Education Table of Contents Part One Environmental Foundation 1 2 The World of International Management: An Interconnected World Introduction Globalization and Internationalization Globalization, Antiglobalization, and Global Pressures Global and Regional Integration The Shifting Balance of Economic Power in the Global Economy 2 4 6 6 9 12 Global Economic Systems Market Economy Command Economy Mixed Economy 19 19 19 20 Economic Performance and Issues of Major Regions Established Economies Emerging Economies Developing Economies on the Verge 20 20 22 26 The World of International Management—Revisited 30 Summary of Key Points 32 Key Terms 32 Review and Discussion Questions 32 Answers to the In-Chapter Quiz 33 Internet Exercise: Global Competition in Fast Food 33 In the International Spotlight: India 2 Globalization and International Linkages 34 The Political, Legal, and Technological Environment 36 The World of International Management: Social Media and the Pace of Change 36 Political Environment Ideologies Political Systems 38 39 41 Legal and Regulatory Environment Basic Principles of International Law Examples of Legal and Regulatory Issues Privatization Regulation...
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...CHAPTER 2 ENRIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT 1 2.1 Introduction In international accounting research, environmental influence is the key to understanding one country’s accounting system. "To a large extent, accounting is a product of its environment. That is, it is shaped by, reflects, and reinforces particular characteristics unique to its national environment" (Radebaugh and Gray 1997). From the late 1960s, researchers in international accounting have tried to categorize countries according to a series of criteria, which have been developed on a deductive or conductive basis. These criteria tried to explain the reasons for accounting differences between countries; they aimed to describe and compare different systems with each other in an efficient way. There are several advantages to categorize and analyze the differences among countries: First, it promotes improved understanding of the complex realities of accounting practices, as well as the factors that shape a country’s accounting regulations; Second, it provides useful information for solving some of the important accounting problems that exist in the world. For example, it can help policymakers assess the prospects and problems of international harmonization; Third, it can assist in the training of accountants and auditors who operate internationally; And finally, it can enable a developing country to better understand the available and appropriate types of financial...
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...al The cultural, political and legal environment of international business Abstract A study of the elements of a domestic market and those of an international market may reveal many crucial differences, especially political, legal and cultural differences. For example, the "rules of the game” of business in the international market are diverse, changeable and often unclear. The international firm may have to content with different legal and ethical standards in different host countries. In this paper the parameters of the political, legal, and the cultural environment of international business will be considered, The paper also relates how political, legal, and cultural incidents or situations may become roadblocks to the smooth operation of business ventures in foreign countries. Misunderstandings and breakdown in communication often arise from differences in perception by executives who are not from the same cultural, legal and political background. International investors need to know what elements in a foreign culture have the greatest influence over consumption patterns in general and particularly the consumption behaviour to their specific product. By reflecting on the language, religion, demography, climate, values and beliefs, education, labour, roles of women, family, ethnic groups and other similar elements, the international business person will be able to, not only participate in the international economy with a better perception of the situation, but also be able...
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...CHAPTER 8: Business government relations Key learning objectives * Understanding why sometimes governments and business collaborate and other times work at arm’s length from each other * Defining public policy and the elements of the public policy process * Explaining the reasons for regulation * Knowing the major types of government regulation of business * Identifying the purpose of antitrust laws and the remedies that may be imposed * Comparing the costs and benefits of regulation for business and society * Examining the conditions that affect business in a global context Business-government relations * Government cooperates with businesses for mutually beneficial goals. * -Influenced by a nation’s values and customs differs in countries. * Their goals can range from one of cooperation to one of conflict, with various stages in between. It is constantly changing. * Companies operating globally may find governments whose legitimacy or right to be in power is questioned. * The ability of a government leader or a group of leaders to maintain political power can be influenced by businesses’ actions. (i.e boycotting economic relations with a country, or decide to withdraw operations from a country) Government’s public policy (PP) role * A plan of action undertaken by government officials to achieve some broad purpose affecting a substantial segment of a nation’s citizens. * PP inputs: External...
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...BU5003 International Business operation Tutor Dr Neil Moore Assessment number G35691 Number of words 2015 Date 14/11/2012 Essay topic: “The decision to develop and grow business operations can be a daunting prospect for any galvanization. In particular, the decision to expand into overseas markets generates a broad range of challenges and issues. Using contemporary examples and concepts considered in this module discuss the challenges and issues faced by business organizations as they decide whether or not to internationalize their operations.” As a company expands, it begins to get itself involved in marketing programs that may not have been part of the original business plan. Businesses evolve, and plan change and a company may begin to realize that it needs to get involved in international markets. Obviously, it has a lot of benefits when a company enters into a foreign market. Expanding sales, acquiring resources and minimizing risk are the three principal operating objectives that why companies engage in international business. Normally, these three objectives guide all decisions about whether, where and how to engage to be international business. So in order to seek high sales and profits, gain global market share and reduce dependence on existing markets, it is inevitable for any companies to go abroad. However, it also generates enormous number of challenges and issues...
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...International business International business is a term used to collectively describe all commercial transactions (private and governmental, sales, investments, logistics, and transportation) that take place between two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundary. Usually:- Private companies undertake such transactions for profit Governments undertake them for profit and for political reasons. It refers to all those business activities which involves cross border transactions of goods, services, resources between two or more nations. Transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, people etc. for international production of physical goods and services such as finance, banking, insurance, construction etc. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a company that has a worldwide approach to markets and production or one with operations in more than a country. An MNE is often called multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational company (TNC). Well known MNCs include fast food companies such as McDonald's and Yum Brands, vehicle manufacturers such as General Motors, Ford Motor Company and Toyota, consumer electronics companies like Samsung, LG and Sony, and energy companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell and BP. Most of the largest corporations operate in multiple national markets. Areas of study within this topic include differences in legal systems, political systems, economic policy, language, accounting standards, labor standards...
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...politics, free market economies The World Is: * Prusak- distinguish information from knowledge (difference) * IMPORTANT- the issue of access to info- but no knowledge * Ghemawat- 10% presumption, factors of time zones, languages, proximity shows that distance does matter, the world isn’t flat Opportunities & Challenges of globalization for managers * Differences of managing international vs. domestic * Boeing: benefits of globalization maximize efficiency of production but actually caused problems; lack of planning, communication, not simple for this industry (knowledge intensive industry) better for in house Localization * Standardization is ending, consumers are diverse- customization for local * Data analysis & innovation * Centralized vs localized * SWOT analysis National Differences * Political economy- system of gov. Political, economic & legal influence each other. Collective vs individualism * Economic system- three types: market command, mixed * Legal system- rules that regulate behavior, three types - CAGE framework & implications to managers - The world is spiky * Culture- definition, implications of differences, social culture in work place * Values, norms * Determinants of culture (6) * Hofestede dimensions: power distance,...
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...managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business. • Geocentric Attitude - a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe. Understanding the Global Environment – Trading Alliances • European Union (EU) - a union of 27 European nations created as a unified economic and trade entity with the Euro as a single common currency. Exhibit 4-1 European Union Map Trading Alliances (cont.) • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - an agreement among the Mexican, Canadian, and U.S. governments in which certain barriers to trade have been eliminated. Trading Allowances (cont.) • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - A trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations Exhibit 4-2 ASEAN Map Global Trade Mechanisms • World Trade Organization (WTO) - a global organization of 153 countries that deals with the rules of trade among nations. • International Monetary Fund (IMF) - an organization of 185 countries that promotes international monetary cooperation and provides advice, loans, and technical assistance. Global Trade Mechanisms (cont.) • World Bank Group - a group of five closely associated institutions that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries. • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - an international economic organization that helps its 30 member countries achieve sustainable...
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...and Institutional Forces on International HRM Practice: Illuminating the ConvergenceDivergence Debate By Yongsun Paik Irene Hau-Siu Chow Charles M. Vance In the face of globalization, scholars continue to debate about whether a convergence in human resources practices will prevail, or a trend of divergence perspective will persist. Building on institution theory, this article helps to explicate this debate by examining how globalization may interact with different dimensions of local institutional forces to lead to convergence, divergence, or crossvergence Correspondence to: Yongsun Paik, PhD, Professor of International Business & Management, Department of Management, Hilton Center for Business, Loyola Marymount university, One LMu Dr., Los angeles, Ca 90045-2659, 310.338.7402 (phone), 310.338.3000 (fax), yspaik@lmu.edu. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. • DOI: 10.1002/tie.20440 648 f e a t u r e a r tI C l e in international HRM practices for enhanced performance. We also present useful propositions for guiding future empirical research and theory development on the interaction between globalization and different forms of local institutional forces, which in turn influence the formation of successful international HRM practices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int r o d u c t i o n N otwithstanding the current worldwide economic crisis, the globalization of business is increasing at an unprecedented...
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