...Living between Two Cultures It has been almost nine years since I arrived from Mexico to the United States. Integrating these two unique cultures has been a wonderful experience. For immigrants in the United States culture differences can be difficult and complicate. Assimilating two separate cultures is an ongoing challenge. In this essay, I will describe the issues many immigrants face in regards to diversity, stereotyping, preserving self identity and personal values. America is nation that is populated with a culturally diverse group of people. The United States has welcomed more immigrants than any other country. The steady stream of people coming to America has had a profound effect on the evolution of American society. America is known as the land of the free and people from all over the world are attracted by promise of opportunity and success. It is not easy for those who move to the United States from other countries. It takes a lot of courage and sacrifice to leave your homeland and come to a new country, but the prospect of a better life makes the risk worth taking. Immigrants who come to America enrich the country by bringing aspects of their native cultures with them. For example, Hispanic Americans celebrate their culture with street fairs and other festivities on Cinco de Mayo. Other cultures, such as African Americans celebrate both Kwanzaa, a festival drawn from African rituals. As the population of the United States becomes more diverse its people are...
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...Brazil, one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world is the “country of the moment” as many called. Low cost manufacturing, develop infrastructure, government incentives, and increase of income levels has set Brazil as hot stop for investor and a secure place for international expansions. Not only a hot stop for investor, but also a homeland of many entrepreneurs going out of the national barriers and growing internationally in a remarkable way. With rising of wages, a stability of inflation, Brazilian population is getting richer. In the last couple years, that was increase of the wealth population and a significant improvement of the middle and low class purchase power, resulting in growing of the country and putting new challenges for local business thinking of going to other countries. Not surprising, Brazilians are spending more in many different market segments, one of them cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene. In 2010, with an impressive 12% growing of the cosmetic market, Brazil became the second largest consumer of cosmetics in the world just behind United States. According the ABIHPEC, Brazilian Association of cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene, the market of these products has grown substantially over the past 15 years. Exports grew 17.8% in 2010, reaching $ 693 million, versus $ 588 million in 2009. Imports of these products to Brazil also increased, reaching U.S. $ 696 million from $ 456 million in 2009 (increase of 52.6%). In 2010 the...
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...competition and the welfare of the countries in which this practices are considered part of the culture as such. In particular for very large international companies, with subsidiaries spread all over the world, to keep track of unethical practices may be difficult, as to maintain the integrity of the corporate culture in all the people involved in the organization, from the employees, sales managers and top management. Every country has a different culture, and every culture has its own level of tolerance against corruption. Since bad practices like bribery are well ingrained both in the countries’ culture, as well in the companies’ culture, it is evident that changes do not happen over-night, and to draft an anti-bribery policy and post it in the office blackboard is not enough. The aim of this paper is to analyze several perspectives on the topic, taking the reader into the discussion by giving him/her pro and cons by analyzing a specific company and his cultural and managerial issues when facing a period of internationalization and internal changes. 1.2 Company profile Starnes-Brenner Machine tool company is an international company situated in Iowa city, United States, that owns a small-one man sales office in Latino, South America, headed by a very successful man but with an unique style in his method of operating, called Frank Rothe. He has worked in Latino, one of the major Latin-America country, for a long time and he is going to retire in a short time, 8 months...
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...Managers: Knowledge@Wharton ( http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=347) What Makes a Good Entrepreneurial Leader? Ask Middle Managers Published : April 25, 2001 in Knowledge@Wharton According to a recent Industry Standard article, the highly successful entrepreneur John Peters, now CEO of broadband service provider Sigma Networks, characterizes himself as a "serial entrepreneur" who tends to spend about four years on each of his startups. "I just thrive on the uncertainty, the challenge and the creativity of starting a company. I like the blank piece of paper." It’s no surprise that Peters, and other entrepreneurs like him, crave new beginnings, risk and change. Indeed, those characteristics almost define the breed. But according to a paper by Vipin Gupta, management professor at Fordham, and Ian C. MacMillan, director of Wharton’s Sol C. Snider Entrepreneurial Center, entrepreneurs aren’t the only ones who should be able to embrace the challenge of that "blank piece of paper." In their analysis, Entrepreneurial Leadership: Developing a Cross-Cultural Construct, Gupta and MacMillan use a term coined by MacMillan - "entrepreneurial leader" - to encapsulate the style they believe today’s managers must cultivate. They outline the qualities of an entrepreneurial leader and back up their assertions using a 60-society survey of middle managers around the globe. The survey suggests that a majority of businesspeople worldwide agree upon the ‘ingredients’...
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...Introduction Walmart's history is one of the best examples of innovation, leadership and success. Walmart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962; it was incorporated on October 31, 1969, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. It started with a single store in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962 and has grown to what is now the world’s largest and the most emulated retailer. Some researchers refer to Walmart as the industry trendsetter. Today, this retailing pioneer has annual revenues of over $100 billion, 3,000 stores and more than 750,000 employees worldwide. Walmart operates in each store, from the products it stocks in the warehouse, to the front-end that helps speed checkout. Walmart’s philosophy: provide everyday low prices and superior customer service worked the best. Lower prices also eliminated the expense of frequent sales promotions and sales are more predictable. Walmart has invested heavily in its cross-docking inventory system. Cross docking has enabled Walmart to achieve economies of scale which reduce its costs of sales. With this system, goods are continuously delivered to stores within 48 hours and often without having to stock them. This allows Walmart to refill the shelves 4 times faster than its competitors. Walmart controls its buying power through purchasing in bulks and distributing the goods on time. Walmart guarantees everyday low prices and considers them the one stop shop. Walmart operates in Mexico as Walmex, in the UK as ASDA abbreviation of Asquith...
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...Management Cross-cultural Management module Cross Cultural Study of China and America Name of Student Name of Instructor Dated: Table of Contents S. No. | Topic | Page No. | Cross Cultural Study of China and America | | 1- | Introduction | 3 | 2- | Chinese Culture | 3 | 3- | Leadership styles and skills of China | 4 | 4- | Motivating others | 4 | 5- | Trust Builder | 5 | 6- | Talent retention | 5 | 7- | High Performance team | 5 | 8- | Management Style of China | 5 | 9- | The Guanxi | 6 | 10- | Individualism and collectivism | 6 | 11 | America’s Culture | 6 | 12 | Leadership Styles in America | 7 | 13 | Directive leadership | 7 | 14 | Participative leadership | 7 | 15 | Empowering leadership | 8 | 16 | Charismatic leadership | 8 | 17 | Management Styles of America | 8 | 18 | Ethical issues in cross cultural of China and America | 8 | 19 | Compare and contrast between China and USA | 9 | 20 | Conclusion | 11 | 21 | References | 12 | Introduction: This paper consists of cross cultural study of two developed countries named USA and China. These countries are well developed and exist in the major countries of the world. Both have an entire different culture in reference of behavior, leadership styles and management. China is the part of eastern countries and USA is a western country, both have entirely different environment and too far from each other. There are many roles that are involved in any organization or teams are...
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...international environments that have ethical challenges. When managing ethical conduct in their own culture is difficult, imagine how difficult it would be to manage a culture when a different language and culture, management will be under a great deal of stress and stakeholders will enormously increase. The key stakeholders will include several governments with different regulations, policies and laws; their business partners incorporated elsewhere or in the United States; having customers and employees from different cultures, and a different civil society such as, the media, non-profit organizations, religious, political and academic institutions interested in global business ethics. In business globalization, management has to deal with many different stakeholders that will make a global business ethics exceedingly difficult. The issues that global management faces is money laundering, corruption, workplace conditions, human rights and respect for the local cultures and customs. Mostly in developing countries, ethical difficulties that management faces may conflict with their own ethical values, even though multinational organizations who have years of experience in doing business international, sometimes will give management policies and training to guide their action, and many of American business representatives are left to fend for themselves with little or no guidance (Trevino, 2006). In a global settings cultural differences is a ethical dilemmas that can arise in a...
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...Kim et al. focuses on American college students to find out what factors that segment finds favourable in a fast-food service, M.K. Brady et al takes their study to the international level to find out how different cultural values can affect the consumer’s behavioural intentions relative to the fast-food industry and its services. Both articles agree that the majority of America customers prefer to trade-off between quality of services and expenditure required (expense-conscious). The American consumer tends to judge consumption of goods and services with a ‘neutral’ and logically based mindset; always asking the question of “is it worth my money?” Kim et al claims that due to relatively inexpensive, quick and convenient service, fast-food is becoming more and more popular among college students in North America. How could restaurants attract this emerging market? Further discussing in particular the college student market, and selecting Wendy’s, Burger King and McDonald’s as target examples will figure out the way to attract college students in fast-food services restaurant. Several factors are taken into consideration, including low price, quality food, fast service, and variety of menu, variety of healthy menu, cleanliness, convenient location and quality service. The results implied that North American college students are primarily seeking quality value and practical value to satisfy them. In contrast, M.K. Brady et al observe that the Latin American customers have an ‘affective’...
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... Introduction Globalization is perhaps the most significant and pervasive contemporary trend. Humanity is moving from a set of relatively autonomous nation states to an integrated global reality, more ruled by international corporations and organizations, and economic and ecological interdependencies, than national and political ideologies and issues. Fueled by global communication, technological networking, expanding transportation systems, economic exchange and competition, and the growth and spread of a global culture, globalization is seen both as a positive and as a negative trend. What are the main features of globalization, what are the future possibilities, and how will globalization have an effect upon your individual life? Outline “Nothing will be done anymore without the whole world meddling in it.” Paul Valéry The History of Globalization Positive Images of Globalization Imbalance, Diversity, and Conflict: The Problems of Globalization Global Tensions, Challenges, and Evolution for the Future Howard Bloom – The Deep History of Globalization – Reciprocity and Conquest Global Communication and Networking of Life Global Expansion of Humanity Emergence of Cities and Trade Routes Reciprocity and Conquest Robert Wright The Evolution of Win-Win Reciprocities in Human History The Expansion of Economic Interdependencies and Exchange The Expansion of Communication Networks Cumulative Evolution of Civilizations John Naisbitt Globalization and Individualism ...
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...throughout the world. More than 10 million people saw a performance by Cirque in one of the 200 cities we visited during this period. And for the first time in nearly a decade, two new Cirque du Soleil shows KOOZA™ has been thrilling North American audiences under the blue-and-yellow Big Top since its premiere in the spring of 2007. Born of the fertile imagination of director David Shiner, a Cirque du Soleil ® stalwart in the earliest days of the company, KOOZA reaches back to the deepest roots of the circus to bring to life the eternal confrontation between fear and awe during the course of an incredible, wild journey. Meanwhile, Wintuk™ is a heartwarming winter tale, recounting the journey of a young boy who wants to bring snow and joy to the heart of a grey winter. This first-ever seasonal show from Cirque du Soleil was presented in the WAMU Theatre at Madison Square Garden during November and December. This show is the beginning of a real Holiday tradition between Cirque and the city of New York. Not to be outdone, our arena shows have enjoyed similar success: Saltimbanco™ which , closed in 2006, was revived in a revitalized production in 2007. The transition from big top to arena has enabled us to win new audiences in North American cities where we have never been able to present our productions before. 2007 has also been a year of new markets. While our big tops went up for the first time in the United Arab Emirates, South Korea and mainland China, our show DELIRIUM took...
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...ATTITUDES, VALUES AND ETHICS ATTITUDE Attitude is a person’s overall evaluation of a person, or issue. It could be favorable or unfavorable towards something. It is considered along with other elements- beliefs and behaviors.Beliefs represent what we have learned or come to know through experience. As such, they are either true or represent what we think is true. Example, that working on a challenging project would bring recognition in the organization or that working after office hours would affect health and personal life while behaviors represent the actions we take with regard to a particular object or entity. Example, whether one complete the project successfully or leave the office at 6:00 PM in the evening. In the simplest case, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors should be related but there are instances that the relation between attitudes, beliefs and behaviors is not very strong (Wiegel et al., 1974). For example, we might dislike studying, (a negative attitude) and rarely study at all (negative behavior) yet truly believe it will lead to success, yet rarely study. We could even dislike studying, be unsure whether it leads to better grades, and yet spend a great deal in studying. Hence, we can say that attitude is a complex cognitive process (Neovistas.com, 2004). Attitudes can be examined in terms of its three components: Affect, Behavioral, and Cognition. Affect consists of the emotional feelings stimulated by the object of the attitude for example:...
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...Business ethics deals with ethical rules and principles necessary for a successful business. It explains the various ethical problems that can rise in a business setting and the responsibilities of persons who are engaged in an organization. We have here shown how the Indian Businesses follows ethical practices even though they are working globally. We have here also taken few examples MNCS to show how are they going ahead unethically. In this research paper we have tried to show that no business can get success even though they are going globally (locally) if they don’t follow ethics and legitimate values. Our research paper reflects that true and ethical business can sustain for longer time and even can survive at toughest time. ethical training ,policies procedures will help any organization to manage their work place very well .we have shown that how ethics will help to enhance reputation of business and generate loyalty from staff members. Our research paper will open new avenues to the ethical dilemmas 2 Table of Contents Particulars What is Business Ethics Ethics and military Overview of issues in Business Ethics Ethics in Indian context: Scope of business ethics Approaches to Business ethics. Importance of Ethics in Business. Ethics and legality (code of ethics) Issues in business ethics(Types of Morally Questionable acts) Problems in its follow up Ethical considerations in Corporate Entrepreneurship Ethics and teaching field List of Most Ethical Companies in the world...
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...PART I: GLOBAL OUTLOOK Part I: Global outlook 15 GLOBALIZATION: A HISTORICAL AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE CHAPTER 1 Chapter 1 Globalization: a historical and multidimensional perspective In the past decade the concept of globalization has been employed widely in academic and political debate, but the meanings attributed to the term are far from consistent. In this document it is used to refer to the growing influence exerted at the local, national and regional levels by financial, economic, environmental, political, social and cultural processes that are global in scope. This definition of the term highlights the multidimensional nature of globalization. Indeed, although the economic facet of globalization is the most commonly referred to, it acts concomitantly with non-economic processes, which have their own momentum and therefore are not determined by economic factors. In addition, the tension that is generated between the different dimensions is a pivotal element of the process. In the economic sphere but also —and especially— in the broadest sense of the term, the current process of globalization is incomplete and asymmetric, and is marked by major shortcomings in the area of governance. The dynamics of the globalization process are shaped, to a large extent, by the fact that the actors involved are on an unequal footing. Developed-country governments, together with transnational corporations, exert the strongest influence, while developing-country governments...
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... one book stood out among the rest. The ethical dilemma was clearly spelled out for anyone to see. Things are not always what they seem to be, they are not often black and white and at times require that we take our time to really examine our choices and how we come to reach them. Although there are many ethical dilemmas within the content of the story and some may be very hard to pin down, finding just one specific health care ethical issue to talk about can be considered a daunting task. First we must understand that the word ethics means different things to different people and that in reality its very definition can describe their own version of moral philosophy. It is conceivably much harder to understand the issues between what is right and what is wrong, the problems that may exist between ethics and morality, one’s integrity and the many existing belief systems. It is not as simple as black or white or what constitutes good behavior as oppose to bad. We must remember that one man’s poison may be another’s choice of practicing healing methods. We must remember that we live in world that has vast cultural belief systems, ethical values, and religious beliefs, therefore we must practice our western medicine without inflicting any due harm on our patients. It is with mindset that choosing the one correct health care ethical dilemma becomes almost impossible when choosing to tell the story of young Lia Lee. There are ethical dilemmas the force us to consider the moral...
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...CULTURE AND ETHICS IN BUSINESS LEARNING JOURNAL CHALLENGES OF MANAGER’S CULTURAL DIFFERENCES FOR THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Introduction Business today has seen a high surge in globalization. This increase of international business all over has led to a number of ties and relations among people from different culture and nationalities. Managers who still haven’t adapted to the new age managerial skills and are still following the conventional route have found themselves extremely ineffective in the global platform. A need of global managers who understand multi-cultural competencies has arrived and most scholars debate that the working style, values and behaviour of a manager are directly a persona of their national culture. Thus in order to be competitive in this global market, the traditional approach by the managers must transcend to a global one. A global manager is one who has the ability to manage the complexities in a business which is conducted or laid upon multi-cultural diversities. A global manager has many challenges when managing people from different cultures; this includes the people from both High context society as well as low context society. Challenges Lack of communication: When a manager is working with his team members who have different native tongue, it’s most possible at time that the information flow is not constant. Adding to the woes are the multitasking employees and talking to employees over...
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