Introduction
Light diesel oil (LDO), a class of diesel whose density relatively light. It falls under class C category fuel having flash point above 66 degree Celsius. LDO is widely used in automobile and engines with an rpm less than 750, tractor and the diesel engine for high speed diesel engine fuel ships, mines, power generation, drilling and other equipment. LDO, is a blend of components from the distillation process of diesel. LDO is also referred to as distillate fuel or marked oil since it is marked with a coloring substance. A number of properties must meet standard requirements for a fuel to be classified as LDO. List of properties mentioned below: • The water content of LDO must not exceed 0.25 percent of volume. The viscosity of LDO at 40 degrees Celsius must be a minimum of 2.5 centistrokes and a maximum of 15.7 centistrokes. LDO is required to have a Sulphur content of less than 1.8 percent by weight. Sediment levels must be below 0.1 percent by weight. Ash content must be less than 0.02 percent by weight. LDO must contain less than 1.5 percent carbon residue. The cetane number of LDO is 45. This measure of combustion quality can be up to 100 but most premium diesels are around 60. A higher cetane number means the fuel is of higher quality. The pour point is the lowest temperature that the fuel will flow. This quality is important for continued performance in the cold. The pour point for LDO is 12 degrees Celsius from November to February and 21 degrees Celsius for the rest of the year.
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Value Chain of LDO
LDO logistics includes typically transportation of crude oil from the production sites to refineries and transportation and distribution of LDO to markets and customers. To understand
