...Can endangered species of the world rely on the international law for their safety? Discuss This essay will attempt to discuss how the international law protects endangered species of the world. Using academic commentary and legislation it will also review the ethical, philosophical, economical and moral aspects of this area of law. The essay will also draw attention to the current issue, which has been a controversy in the preservation of endangered species of the world, but will particularly pay more attention to the protection of whales. Ever since the days of illustrious philosophers such Plato, Aristotle, Descartes to the modern scientists there has been a lengthy wait in fighting for laws and acts to protect animals in keeping them in good health and their populations high in numbers. Long ago, most animals became extinct because of natural events, like earthquakes or volcano eruptions. Climatic changes were also a threat i.e. like the ‘beginning of the Ice Age which also led to the disappearance of certain species’ . Today, animals are in danger mostly because of human beings. In the 17th century Descartes and Plato both portraying animals as mere objects, held that ‘animals have no conscience and humans should have no moral obligation’ towards them. However, through the advancement of technology and science Charles Darwin came up with his theory of evolution, bringing new developments and protection to endangered species, with his effort in his work there...
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...10/24/12 English 1a Thesis: Greenpeace is the largest independent direct- action environmental organization in the world. This organization takes action for ground-breaking changes to protect the environment to create a better future for the world. I. Greenpeace is focused on stopping the damage on mother Earth that our civilization continues to destroy. A. Protecting the Oceans, Whales, and Seafood that are in danger 1.Three quarters of global fish stocks are suffering from overfishing 2.Pollution from land-based sources is turning oceans into a dumping ground 3. Whale slaughter continues to put endangered species at risk B. Protecting forests that are being cut destroyed. 1. Ancient forests are being cut down 2. Eliminating wildlife habitat and harming biodiversity. C. Eliminating Toxic Chemicals that are released 1. Major companies release dangerous chemicals. 2. Dangerous chemicals are released into the environment threatening our own lives. II. Therefore a group of activist came together to stand up, and protect our environment. A. Created by not just one person, but a group of voices, ideas, and thought over the years. B. Decided to not take any money from government or corporations. C. Their only bottom line is a green and peaceful future. III. Greenpeace receives financial backing from two sources. A. Donors who give little and large amounts B. Campaigns, which...
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...Japan's whaling fleet was headed home from the southern ocean after ending its annual Antarctic hunt with only a third of its expected catch, news reports from Japan said Friday. The hunt ended three days ago with a catch of 266 minke whales and one fin whale, officials from Japan's Fisheries Agency said, according to one report from Australia's ABC news online. The Sea Shephed Society, which sent a fleet of vessels to the southern ocean to block the hunt, proclaimed victory on its website. "Operation Divine Wind is over! The Japanese whalers are going home!" the Sea Shepherd headline read. "There are hundreds of whales swimming free in the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary that would now be dead if we had not been down there for the last three months. That makes us very happy indeed," Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson is quoted as saying on the organization's website. News of the Japanese whaling fleet's withdrawal comes four days after the Institute of Cetacean Research, which oversees the Japanese whaling program, reported a confrontation between the Japanese ships and Sea Shepherd's ship Bob Barker. The Bob Barker fired more than 40 flares and aimed a "high-powered" laser beam at the Japanese ships for more than 50 minutes, the institute said in a news release. Watson said that with the high-seas showdown, "the whaling season was effectively over for the season." Japan hunts whales every year despite a worldwide moratorium on whaling, utilizing a loophole in the law that allows...
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...sight of them can make everybody smile. On the other hand, there are always cruel people out there wanting to take these amazing creatures from the world by killing them for food. This illegal act is called whaling. Japan is the leader of this horrifying act has long said it was their tradition and culture to kill whales. To this day there are many health concerns when it comes to eating a whale and many worries about the inhumane ways that whales get killed too. To compare history to today. In the past whales, have long been hunted for their blubber and oil to make light up lamps in the old days. This made many whaling companies rich. Whereas today...
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...275,000 blue whales before the development of modern whaling in the mid-nineteenth century. By the 1960s, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimated that the number of blue whales had decreased to between 650 and 2,000.ʺ (Global Issues in Context Online Collection). The number of all whales has been decreasing and the Japanese whalers have been the major cause of the depletion of whales throughout history. The Japanese use whaling for to gather resources like whale meat and oils. I don’t believe that the Japanese should be using whaling for food and resources. First of all, when the whales die off, it greatly affects the ecosystem, in other words, the food chain. Another reason is that the international relations with the International Whaling Commission (IWC). Lastly, whaling does not provide the economic benefits that the Japanese thinks it does. Now let me give you a little background information on whaling. Whaling has gone on for centuries and it has been a necessity for people all over the world. The IWC does allow tribes like the Eskimos, who have hunted whales traditionally, to continue to hunt whales but they could only be a certain type of whale. Traditionally, there used to be a demand for whale oil as a lubricant for machines but these are synthetic so that means you don’t need to kill the whale you could just make. In 1987, the IWC imposed a moratorium on commercial whaling which means they were banned from killing whales for...
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...The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is a cetacean species that is found primarily in the waters off the eastern coast of North America, between the Gulf of Maine and the Bay of Fundy (Asaro, 2012). The population of the right whale was significantly diminished during the 18th and 19th century, when the species was subjected to commercial whaling that nearly drove the species to extinction (Caswell et al., 1999). Today, it is still one of the most endangered species of large whales, with only an estimated 300 – 400 individuals left (Doucette et al., 2012). While commercial whaling has been discontinued for decades, the right whale is still being directly impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as vessel strikes and entanglements...
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...University: Course: Tutor: Date: International Whaling Commission Introduction Just recently on May 31st 2010, Australia opened a court case against Japan in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) with regards to a dispute relating to Japan’s JARPA II program on ‘Scientific Whaling’. The case was dubbed the ‘JARPA II Case’ and was primarily based on a dispute between Australia and Japan over interpretation of the 1946 International Convention of Whaling (ICRW). JARPA refers to Japan’s Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic to carry out research in the marines. The first was introduced in 1987 in the Southern Ocean Whaling Season of 1987-1988. JARPA II was to commence some 18years later from and it started in 2005. During that period of 1987 through 2005, Japan had apparently ignored the Moratorium sanctioned by IWC against Whaling and it is consequently some six thousand eight hundred minke whales were taken under JARPA. That led to a longtime dispute between whaling states and anti-whaling states over limited whaling v no whaling at all. Among the cases is the one between Australia and Japan of 2010. This article will look into the case between Japan and Australia in a bid to answering the following questions; one, how is the International Whaling Commission policy determined and influenced, secondly, what is the role of scientific advice in policy making, thirdly, what are the arguments for both Japan and Australia in the International Court of Justice case. Finally...
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...to study whales without killing them. The Japanese authorities claim to base their arguments for whaling on science, but in fact invest heavily in emotive messages - for example, that whaling is an integral part of the national culture • There is no national culture of whaling in Japan; there are local cultures, but there are also local cultures that regard whales as gods, where killing them would be unthinkable • Successive governments have placed a high priority on ensuring a plentiful supply of fish through diplomacy, often building relationships with developing countries possessing productive coastal waters They say analysis of the whales' faeces lets them examine their stomach contents minutely. Japan says the need to find out about the animals' diets is one reason why it kills hundreds of whales every year. The new approach was developed by Australian and US researchers, who collected blue whale faeces in nets. The animals discharge them as a thin brown cloud near the ocean surface. Using DNA testing, the researchers established what the whales had eaten and also a distinctive "signature" for each animal, as well as the internal parasites the whales were carrying. The research was revealed by Dr Nick Gales, a principal research scientist at the Australian Environment Department's Antarctic division. He said: "We will be telling the International Whaling Commission that this is a robust, non-lethal method for studying whales. Dr Gales said the DNA method...
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...Effects of Whaling and the Ecology Whaling is one of the oldest human activity for hunting done by man since the beginning of time. Whaling can come with a cost, and result with a set of consequences that can affect the ecology and the world. The consequences of whaling can not only endanger and extinct whales, but destroy and kill the oceans that can eventually kill all life. Whaling is the hunting of whales primarily for meat and oil. It is believed that whaling dates back to a millenia. According to Encyclopedia infoplease.com, “whaling for subsistence dates to prehistoric times. The early people of Korea were hunting whales as far back as 5000 B.C., and those of Norway began whaling at least 4,000 years ago. Various peoples of the NW North American coast and the Arctic have a long tradition of whaling. Whaling, done from canoes or skin boats, often when migrating pods of whales passed nearby, was a very dangerous undertaking. Over time, many, such as the Qwidicca-atx (Makah) people of the Olympic peninsula, developed set spiritual and hunting practices that became the core of their culture.” The origins of commercial whaling started according to online encyclopedia infoplease.com: “The hunting of whales is thought to have been pursued by the Basques from land as early as the 10th cent. and in Newfoundland waters by the 14th cent. It is not until the middle of the 16th cent., however, that the appearance of Basques in those waters is established by record. Whaling on a large...
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...Unit 6 Written Assignment Japan and Norway: A cultural case for the exemption from an international ban on whaling. Introduction and the Japanese and Norwegian position Japan Japan is certainly one of the two countries, and the only country in Asia to make the claim that Whaling should be permitted for certain Whale stocks. The practice of hunting Whales can be traced back to over 1,000 years. And, in turn there are records that show Jimmu, the first Emperor, who rein circa 660BC himself ate Whale meat. However, it wasn’t until the 17th century, which saw a major development in the techniques associated with hunting Whales. In the Meiji era (1868-1912) saw the controversial introduction of powered gun vessels, actually inspired by Norwegian...
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...Introduction Since the indefinite commercial whaling moratorium was introduced in 1986, the whaling nations have killed around 15,000 whales between them. At the time of writing, the Japanese whaling fleet has just returned from Antarctic waters where a further 300 or so minke whales have been killed for so called ‘research’, in open defiance of world public opinion and the IWC which has never validated the Japanese programme. The meat from those dead whales will end up on sale in Japanese restaurants and on supermarket shelves. Japan is not only defying the global moratorium on commercial whaling, it is killing whales in a sanctuary agreed by the IWC in 1994. Japan has ‘recruited’ many countries to the IWC to support the resumption of commercial whaling using foreign aid packages. If the ban is lost it will be a disaster for whale conservation efforts. This report presents the many reasons why the ban on commercial whaling must be maintained and properly enforced. We cannot wipe away the tragic history of commercial whaling, but we can, and must, prevent its repetition. The Natural History of Whales Whales belong to the order of mammals known as Cetacea. There are about 80 species of cetaceans, including all the dolphins and porpoises, as well as the ten so-called ‘great’ whale species, which have borne the brunt of commercial whaling. Cetaceans are believed to have evolved from land mammals, which adapted to an aquatic existence about 50 million years ago. They are superbly...
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...Fall 2009 Starbucks in Tiawan [pic] History of Starbucks The first Starbucks was opened in Seattle in 1970s by three partners: Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegel and Gordon Bowker. The name of Starbucks came from Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, a classic American novel about the 19th century whaling industry. The seafaring name seems appropriate for a store that imports the world’s finest coffees to the cold, thirsty people of Seattle. (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2009) Entrepreneur Howard Schultz joined the company in 1982. While taking a business trip in Italy, he visited Milan’s famous espresso bars. He was so impressed with their culture and popularity, he thought he could bring this idea to the United States, this idea would be successful. He was right, Seattle became coffee-crazy after trying lattes and mochas. (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2009) The development of Starbucks expanded beyond Seattle in 1990s. First, they expanded their stores to all states in the United States, and then extended to the world. The U.S. Starbucks stores around the world are based on different market conditions and different organizational structure. There are four kinds of structure which Starbucks uses to expand their stores around the world: own self-employed, joint venture, license agreement, authorized to operate. Moreover, they were the first firm which offered stock options to their part-time employees. Starbucks becomes a publicly traded company. (Starbucks Coffee...
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...Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1999. 28:i–xxiii Copyright © 1999 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGICAL ENLIGHTENMENT? Some Lessons of the Twentieth Century Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1999.28:i-xxiii. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by 197.179.183.136 on 11/03/13. For personal use only. Marshall Sahlins Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; e-mail: m-sahlins@uchicago.edu Key Words: modernity, indigenization, translocality, culture, development n Abstract A broad reflection on some of the major surprises to anthropological theory occasioned by the history, and in a number of instances the tenacity, of indigenous cultures in the twentieth century. We are not leaving the century with the same ideas that got us there. Contrary to the inherited notions of progressive development, whether of the political left or right, the surviving victims of imperial capitalism neither became all alike nor just like us. Contrary to the “despondency theory” of mid-century, the logical and historical precursor of dependency theory, surviving indigenous peoples aim to take cultural responsibility for what has been done to them. Across large parts of northern North America, even hunters and gatherers live, largely by hunting and gathering. The Eskimo are still there, and they are still Eskimo. Around the world the peoples give the lie to received theoretical oppositions between tradition and change, indigenous culture and modernity,...
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...Sustainability Review 2011 bp.com/sustainability Building a stronger, safer BP What’s inside 2011 was a year of recovery, consolidation and change for BP. Our employees worked hard to make BP a stronger, safer company. We recognize there is more to do, but we believe important progress was achieved during the year, and we are clear on our priorities and responsibilities as we move forward. In this Sustainability Review, we look at how we are working to enhance safety and risk management, earn back trust and grow value, following the Gulf of Mexico accident. Stakeholder voices External and internal stakeholders have been essential in shaping this report. Many of their insights and opinions are highlighted here and online. We also include observations and a summary statement from our external assurance provider, Ernst & Young. During our work we interviewed staff responsible for engaging with external stakeholders and reviewed evidence of how information from these dialogues is captured. We have also attended a selection of briefings to investors and two of the roundtable discussions held in 2011 to understand the perspectives of various thought leaders on how BP should evolve its reporting and communications. We noted that stakeholders welcome this dialogue but there remains a desire for more comprehensive reporting on how BP is changing. Ernst & Young Observation Find out more online This Sustainability Review is a summary...
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...Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India Geography project [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] 2012 Nishant Aishwarya Roll Number - 26 Introduction Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors, most scientists agree that wildlife around the world is impacted by human activities. Humans have historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways including the legal, social, and moral sense. This has been a reason for debate throughout recorded history. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the natural environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment. Literature has also made use of the traditional human separation from wildlife. Foods, Pets, Traditional Medicine:...
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