...Texas Courts and Legislation: Effects on Educational Funding Dalina A. Cavazos ED 7822 The Funding of Educational Institutions 510 West 8th Street San Juan, Texas 78589 Telephone: 956-460-9094 Email: dcavazos1@capellauniversity.edu Dr. Lee Monroe Texas Courts and Legislation: Effects on Educational Funding State to state the rules of educational funding is based on their state statutes. Funds must be distributed among the districts with in their state. “Basically, there are three different degrees of state participation possible for financing and operating public schools” (Brimley, Verstegen, & Garfield, 2012): state operation, state support, and foundation program approach or district power equalization. Billion of state and federal dollars are overseen by the Texas Education Agency. “Funds come from multiple sources, including state and federal coffers, grant organizations, the Permanent School Fund endowment, and others” (Texas Education Agency, 2007-2012, Intro section). In Texas under the education code, Title II is for public education has the rules for the superintended of the district to divide and present the budget for the fiscal year by July 1 or September (Cornell University Law School, 2001, Sec. 44.0011). However, the budgets and regulations are constantly changing because of bills that proposed and laws that pass. The Texas Education Legislation Status states that “more than 100 education-related bills were passed during the regular...
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...Daniel Calderon SCI 110 Intro to Physical Science Strayer University Dr. Jack Crawford 03/09/2015 Scientific Method The scientific method is a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments. The steps of the scientific method are to: 1. Ask a question 2. Do background research 3.Construct a hypothesis. 4.Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment 5. Analyze your data and draw a conclusion. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. A "fair test" occurs when you change only one factor (variable) and keep all other conditions the same. While scientists study how nature works, engineers create new things, such as products, websites, environments, and experiences. Hypothesis For my job as a police officer we do follow a similar course of action with the scientific method. I will break it down following the similar steps we use. In my example I will process a simple shoplifting to make it easier to understand. The first step would be to ask the question did the suspect shoplift. The second step do background research would consist of reviewing the video of the crime and determine if the suspect meet the requirements for the shoplifting. Did the suspect take an item, conceal it and then not render payment for the item? If the suspect did all three on video then you can use that as evidence. You can get eyewitness testimony from the loss prevention personnel and or others that witnessed the suspect select...
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...Professor: Brian Wright CMST 301 7985 The Digital Millennium of Decryption Rights Outline * Introduction * Decryption Case Intro * Digital Millennium Copyright Act * United States copyright laws replaced by DCMA * DeCSS Tool * Tool Properties * Research/Findings/Context * Motion Picture Association of America * Trafficking of digital media and the right associated * DeCSS * Creation * Intended use of DeCSS * How DVD encryption functions legally * Region Coding * DeCSS court cases * California trade secret laws * New York court case * Eric Corley * Corley’s intentions * Outcome of his legal allegations * David Touretzky * First Amendment relations * Position on source code links * Copyright Act * Fair Use * Outcome of fair use case * Judge Kaplan * Issues with Kaplan’s decision on fair use * Kaplan’s decision for First Amendment rights when using source code * Professor Touretzky response * Final outcome of court case * Conclusion * Kaplan’s Final Decision * Defendant Deposition * Plaintiff’s View of Trial * Defendants View of Trial * Overall Outcome Introduction This research essay discusses the ongoing turmoil between the DeCSS who produced a source code as well...
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...Kenneth Jones Intro to Writing 102 Narrative 22 Feb 15 A Season that was Lost The Eagles are down one with eighteen seconds left on the clock until they move on or the season is lost. They advanced the ball by using a timeout. The eagles run to the huddle and them all standup. They can only hear one voice and that’s coach coop saying relax, take a deep breath, stay calm and don’t panic. He decided the play he was going to call was eagles six. We are going to run eagle six, also win are going to win the game!! The first horn sound, the referee comes to the bench and says that the first horn. Now the second horn sounds and the team breaks the huddle. The referee blows his whistle, loud due to the packed gym and the crowd had the building shaking. The ball is on the side of the court. The gym was hot! All you could hear was the balls boucing on the hardwood floors, the first shot goes up all net swoosh. Now the real fun begins. Ten minutes into shooting drills you hear a loud whistle and a buzzer sound in the gym. Coach Cooper or (Coop) as he refers to his self, yells on the line. Tot the base line. The team is thinking we are going to run. With a huge smile on coops face start running, we are like for how long for? He simply replayed until he was tired. The team responds with laughter to the statement Luke says cannot be like this. The team start saying let’s go, get it done. The team starts running while the clock is just counting up on the...
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...LEGL 210 Intro to Business Law Tom Carter CHAPTER 9: THE END OF THE CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIP Purpose: To examine the four ways contracts come to an end To discuss remedies for failed or improper performance General rule: Every contract comes to an end in one of four ways: 1. Performance 2. Breach 3. Discharge 4. Frustration 1. PERFORMANCE Occurs when the parties do what they agreed to do But, when is a contract fully performed? Must a contract be fully performed in each and every particular? Or are there some acts of performance that fall short in some detail but still amount to binding performance? It depends on the nature of the term that is not performed: There are two types of contractual terms: warranties and conditions Warranty: a minor term that is not essential to the integrity of the contract Failure to perform a warranty does not excuse the other party form performing, but does give them the right to sue for damages caused by that breach. Condition: a major term that is essential to the integrity of the contract Failure to perform a condition excuses the other party from performing and gives them the right to sue for damages for breach of contract. NOTE: Failure to perform a minor part of a major term is called substantial performance. Eg. A and B have a contract A fails to perform a minor part of a term that amounts to a condition ...
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...on May 6, 1993 three eight year boys’ bodies were found. The boys’ bodies were found hogtied, mutilated, and sexually assaulted. As the whole town was rocked by this discovery, the police decided they had to find the killer immediately. They automatically turned to their first suspect, Damien Echols, an eighteen-year-old boy who was known around town for dressing in all black and listening to rock music. The next arrest was made on Jessie Misskelley, a friend Echols, who was coerced into falsely confessing his guilt. The final arrest was made with Jason Baldwin, yet another associate of Echols. The three boys became known nationally as the West Memphis Three (WM3). The boys had rumors around town saying that they participated in Wiccan circles and Satanic rituals. Many believed that the murder of the three eight year olds’ was for a Satanic ritual that Echols, Misskelley and Baldwin were participating in. Even with a complete lack of circumstantial evidence from police, Jessie MIsskelley, at the age of just 17, was found guilty on one count of first degree capital murder and two counts of second degree murder and was sentenced to life in imprisonment without parole. Jason Baldwin was found guilty on three counts of capital murder. The 16 year old was sentenced to life imprisonment with a non-parole period of 40 years. Damien Echols was found guilty on three counts of capital murder and was sentenced to death by lethal injection. (Steel, “The West Memphis Three”). The town was...
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...Intro to task two: The Indian Health Service (IHS): The IHS is a health care system for nearly 2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives who belong to the 566 different, federally recognized, tribes in 35 states. 1 IHS is an agency within HHS, which is the Department of Health and Human Services. 2 The Indian Health Service was established in 1955 taking over from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. It is based on Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution and the relationship developed from numerous treaties, Executive Orders, and Supreme Court decisions 3. The IHS is the primary health care provider for the American Indian people 4, and it’s dedicated to raise their health and well-being to the highest level. Health Information Exchange(s): A Health Information Exchange is the virtualization of healthcare information electronically, and access to said information exchanged between HIE members. This data spans across organizations within a community, or hospital system, or even whole regions. HIEs facilitate transmitting protected health information to other organizations and government agencies according to national standards. HIEs often include collaboration among physicians, home health, nursing homes, hospitals, and mental health facilities. 5 Federal Employees Health Benefits Program: The FEHB Program is for Federal employees present and retired as well as their survivors. Members have the widest selection of health plans in the country. With the ability to choose...
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...Female Offenders: is Chivalry Dead? Intro: In the last two decades, there has been a definite shift in the leniency of sentencing female offenders in the criminal justice system. It has been suggested the shift turning to harsher, more severe punishments is due to more female practitioners in the criminal justice system which subsequently reduced the chivalry hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the literature and empirical research regarding past and present studies of female offenders, the chivalry hypothesis, the differences in male and female convictions, and to answer the enduring question: Is chivalry dead? While this paper does not incorporate all of the literature available, it does offer a good snap shot of many pertinent studies conducted regarding these topics and the issues pertaining to them. Female Offenders Then and Now Over the years, the empirical evidence supporting the position that women offenders are treated less harshly than their male counterparts has been at best inconsistent. (Burnett, 1994: Coombs, 1995: Denno, 1994: Johnson & Nagel, 1994: Klein & Kress, 2014). The writers of these studies used a variety of theses to explain the leniency. Some suggested women are treated with chivalry and thus given lighter sentences for similar offenses created by men. While others suggested the leniency was due to the majority of females in the court system are first time offenders. In 1994, Kathleen Davy published Gender...
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...her father’s career in order to construct a story that explores the prevalence of racism in the United States. Because of the nature and contents of the story, Harper Lee’s novel resonates with everyone who reads it. Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird has important lessons to teach, and those who choose to learn them find ways to impact society. Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, and died on February 19, 2016. Her father, A.C. (Amasa Coleman) Lee, played an important role in Lee’s life. He was “a lawyer who was by all accounts apparently rather like the hero-father of her novel in his sound citizenship and warmheartedness” (Fine, Laura). The plotline of To Kill A Mockingbird is largely based on a case that A.C. Lee took, and his unsuccessful defense of two African American men who had been convicted of murder. This case impacted Lee so much that he never took another criminal case after its conclusion. Harper Lee’s rendition of the scenario has impacted the lives of thousands of people. Lee studied law at the University of Alabama, but did not earn her degree. Instead, she left for New York City, where she worked briefly as an airline reservationist. She did not enjoy it, however, and according to Encyclopedia Britannica, Lee’s friends all pitched in financially so that she would be able to write full-time. It was then when she wrote her first series of short stories. These stories were then adapted into To Kill A Mockingbird. Another parallel between Lee’s book and real life would...
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...A. Overview of Intellectual Property (Book 24-30) 1. TRADE SECRETS (Outline pgs 3-11) ▪ Trade secret laws are State law doctrines that protect against the misappropriation of certain confidential information. o There is no federal statute ▪ A form of private IP law under which creators establish contractual limitation or build legal fences that afford protection from misappropriation. ELEMENTS: a. The information must be Secret. a. Relative, not absolute, secrecy is required. b. The owner must take Reasonable step to maintain secrecy. a. Once a trade secret is disclosed, protection is lost. c. There is some economic or competitive advantage to the owner. i. Misappropriation of Trade Secret: 1) Where the secrets were obtained by theft or other improper means. 2) Where they were used or disclosed by the D in violation of a confidential relationship. ▪ Trade secret does not prevent competitors from “reverse engineering” which is permitted. 2. PATENTS (Outline pgs 12- 31) a. 5 Requirements: 1) patentable subject matter (g.15) 2) utility (pg.16) 3) Description & Enablement (pg.17) 4) novelty & Statutory bar (pg.19) 5) non-obviousness...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS TO CRIM LAW (Levine) I. Overview of CJS A. Theories of Punishment 1. Utilitarian 2. Retributive B. Who should be punished? 1. Excuse (Because of personal condition X I shouldn’t be punished) 2. Justification (I acted in the right way and don’t deserve to be punished) C. Principles that Limit Punishment 1. Legality, Vagueness Lenity II. Components of a Crime A. Actus Reus 1. Conduct 2. Attendant Circumstances 3. Social Harm 4. Causation a. Actual Causation b. Proximate Cause i. Common law: Intervening Cause? ii. MPC: Built into culpability standards 5. Concurrence of Elements B. Mens Rea 1. Common Law Standard 2. MPC Culpability Standard 3. Specific Intent 4. Transferred Intent 5. Strict Liability Crimes 6. Role of Mistake a. Mistake of Fact b. Mistake of Law C. Concurrence of Elements III. Homicide A. Common Law 1. Murder a. 1st Degree Murder b. 2nd Degree Murder 2. Manslaughter a. Adequate Provocation b. Criminal Negligence c. Misdemeanor-Mansalguther B. MPC 1. Murder 2. Manslaughter 3. Criminal Negligence C. Felony Murder Rule 1. Limitations a. Inherently...
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...VIRGINIA PROCEDURE OUTLINE CHAPTER I: EXTRA-JUDICIAL PROCEDURES Note: These Procedures take place without the participation of a judge or the court 1) Self Help a) Predates existence of the organized state b) Now greatly discouraged because police power of state more effective i) Discouraged, superseded in practice, and restricted by law now. c) Situations when available: i) Available in debtor-creditor situations where debts are voluntarily paid when they are due (most pay when get into financial position to pay) ii) When possession of goods bailed are returned to the Owner when the period of the bailment ends. iii) When debtor intentionally refuses to pay or neglects to pay creditor may resort to self-help to get paid. 1) May be independent or in conjunction with litigation. d) Usually attempt to get debtor to pay voluntarily before seeking assistance of the court. e) Repossession i) Allowed at common law where it can be accomplished without breach of peace. ii) Person disseised and dispossessed of land an reenter w/o a court order unless would involve breach of peace iii) Repossession of chattels is allowed where they have been: 1) Loaned, hired, bailed, lost and found, or stolen and wrongfully detained from the O provided it is done w/o ab reach of the peace. 2) Person may recover own chattels from land of the wrongdoer, but to do so from the land of a 3P would be trespass 3) Hunters...
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...In this era of the new and social media, does it really matter who owns the `mainstream’ media? “It is by the goodness of God that in our country we have those three unspeakably precious things: freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, and the prudence never to practice either of them.” (Clemens, 1897) Foreword According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights written up by the United Nations, its states that, “Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people” (UN, 1948). Articles 19 to 21 specifically target the freedom of thought, conscience and belief of human rights that a Democratic government must abide by and Egypt is no exception. Arab Spring Turmoil has been brewing in Egypt, causing great pain to its inhabitants, destroying homes and families and creating complete mayhem in the process. The first marked incident according to The Guardian is on the 1st of January 2011; a suicide bombing attempt took place outside a Coptic Church in Alexandria. By the 25th of January Egypt finally joined the Arab Spring alongside Tunisia, Yemen and Algeria. The ‘Arab Spring’ was an activist movement by several Middle-Eastern countries in an attempt at freedom from political and religious oppression and authoritarian...
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...Table of Contents General IP Policy/theory 1 Trademarks 2 Foreign Treaties 4 Types of Marks 4 Infringement (Polaroid Test) 9 Defenses 10 Internet/UDRP 12 Dilution 13 Remedies 14 Copyrights 16 Derivative Works 19 Moral Rights 21 Renewal/Termination 23 Infringement (tests) 24 Fair Use/Defenses 15 DMCA 27 Remedies 29 Publicity/Misappropriation 32 Patents 34 Patent Prosecution 36 Utlity/Novelty /Non-Obvious 38 Priority 39 Statutory Bars 40 Infringement 41 Defenses 43 Remedies 44 Trade Secrets 46 IP In General I. Origins a. Patents began in Venice b. Copyright began in England - Publisher competition c. Trademarks - Guild System would mark the bottom of product so that people would know from whom they were purchasing II. Federal Authority a. Copyright/Patent Authority Article I Sec.1 cl. 8 i. “Progress of science and useful arts” 1. Science is copyright, and useful arts is patents 2. In the days of the Constitution means “knowledge.” ii. Utilitarian clause – not based on the moral rights iii. Most protection is pretty much on federal level. iv. Certain States with particular businesses adopted their own laws, which Congress eventually incorporated...
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...A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS PERCEPTION OF MOTIVATION IN THE BELIZE PUBLIC SERVICE CAVEHILL SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES BUSINESS RESEARCH- PSM FINAL PROJECT 2013/2014 JUNE, 2013 Acknowledgements First of all, thanks be to my Lord Jesus for the strength and determination in whom I leaned on to finish this task. My heartfelt appreciation goes out to family for bearing patience and understanding for the times I was not around. Thanks to my lecturer, Dr. Natamisha Goring, for her time and sincere guidance in the completion of this paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary……………………………………. 4 Introduction………………………………………………. 5 -6 Literature Review……………..………………………. 7 - 9 Methodology ………………………………………….... 10 - 15 Study Design Participants Research Instrument Data Collection Proposed Data Analysis Anticipated Limitations and Challenges Bibliography…………………….………….. 16-17 Appendices …………………………………. 18-23 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This case study examines new initiatives aimed at motivating junior officers within the Public Service to be more effective, efficient and productive. These initiatives describe motivation within the context of drive reduction theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. The study will also measure employee satisfaction as it relates to current incentives...
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