...is the capability or act of conceiving something original or unusual. Innovation is the implementation of something new. Invention is the creation of something that has never been made before and is recognized as the product of some unique insight. Discovery Previously unknown, yet objectively extant objects or properties of objects in the material world are discovered INNOVATION:- Innovation is the introduction of something new something that deviates from established doctrine and practice. The act of creation, of making something new, is only the first step in a long path to historical change in materials and culture. What makes something innovative is not just that it is new, but that it takes root in some way, making changes in established cultures, doctrines, and practices, leading to historical significance. The theme of innovation is one that requires depth of thinking, it is about examining ideas, methods, and inventions, and not merely about events and individuals. We are expected to look at the need for change, how that change came about, the methods that were used to convince the public that it was necessary, and the impact it made. INVENTION Invention can be an aspect of innovation and, in fact, is often the first step in innovation. However, the crucial difference occurs between the relatively discrete creative act of invention and the far longer process of innovation. Innovation involves the process of convincing people to change their material or...
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...thousand years ago, the invention of the plow, the invention of the steam engine, and the invention of the computer all led to massive social change (Henslin 390). The transition from hunting and gathering to a pastoral society changed earlier societies by enabling them to abandon migratory practices and establish fixed residences. The invention of the plow revolutionized agricultural techniques and increased yields, allowing societies to sustain larger populations. The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century transformed the transportation capabilities of society and spurred further innovation as people and materials could be quickly transported on land for distances previously unimaginable. Finally, it is difficult to understate the ways in which the microchip and personal computer have fundamentally altered the organization of society; the instant access to and constant flows of information have changed communication, education, and business in modern society. In light of the social change wrought by these technological innovations, sociologist William Ogburn argued that technology was the basic cause of social change. In particular, he identified three processes by which technology drove social change: Invention, discovery, and diffusion. While invention can refer the combination and transformation of existing materials into new items, it can also refer to social invention and the propagation of new ideas. The aforementioned invention of the plow is one example...
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...over the centuries, the invention of the plow, the invention of the steam engine, and the invention of the computer all led to massive social change (Henslin 390). The transition from hunting and gathering to a pastoral society changed earlier societies by enabling them to abandon drifting practices and establish fixed residences. The invention of the plow revolutionized agricultural methods and increased yields, allowing societies to support larger populations. The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century converted the transportation capabilities of society and spurred additional improvements as people and materials could be quickly transported on land for distances in the past was unthinkable. Finally, it is difficult to understate the ways in which the microchip and personal computer have fundamentally altered the organization of society; the instant access to and constant flows of information have changed communication, education, and business in modern society. In light of the social change produced by these technological innovations, sociologist William Ogburn claimed that technology was the basic cause of social change. In particular, he identified three processes by which technology drove social change: Invention, discovery, and diffusion. While invention can refer the combination and transformation of existing materials into new items, it can also refer to social invention and the propagation of new ideas. The aforementioned invention of the plow is one example...
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...My vision for America is that America will change a lot. America has changed a lot since the last 100 years. Wars have been fought, discoveries have been made and new inventions were thought of. As long as people disagree there will always be wars to fight, and as long as people are learning there will always be new discoveries and new inventions. Those are my reasons why America will change a lot. In the last 100 years there have been many wars like World War 1, 2, Vietnam War, Korean War, Desert Storm and the War of Afghanistan. Those have all changed America a lot. Also many of our soldiers are fighting right now and that is probably going to go down in history. Plus since there is going to be a new president next year he will have different...
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...to four social revolutions. These four technologies are: * Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation * The invention of the “Plow” * The invention of the “Steam Engine” * The invention of the “Microchip” These technologies not only caused changes in society but they also caused several consequences within society. The first technology is Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation and some of the consequences which led to the first social revolution are as follows. Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation allowed the supply of food to become more dependable triggering groups to grow larger. As groups became larger a Division of Labor was created because it was no longer necessary for people to work to provide food. Therefore, the business of trade was initiated, due to everyone having a surplus of objects. Afterwards, social inequality began to take place because everyone began to trade and groups began accumulating even more objects. I can imagine that this must have created some form of jealousy within the groups causing feuds and war with one another. As some people accumulated more and more objects, the wealthier and more powerful they became. All the power and wealth which was obtained was then passed down, allowing their descendant’s to inherit all the wealth, which in turn gave then power. The second social revolution was caused by the invention of the plow. Some of the consequences of this technology were that more and more people engaged in other activities...
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...social revolutions. These four technologies are: * Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation * The invention of the “Plow” * The invention of the “Steam Engine” * The invention of the “Microchip” These technologies not only caused changes in society but they also caused several consequences within society. The first technology is Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation and some of the consequences which led to the first social revolution are as follows. Animal Domestication and Plant Cultivation allowed the supply of food to become more dependable triggering groups to grow larger. As groups became larger a Division of Labor was created because it was no longer necessary for people to work to provide food. Therefore, the business of trade was initiated, due to everyone having a surplus of objects. Afterwards, social inequality began to take place because everyone began to trade and groups began accumulating even more objects. I can imagine that this must have created some form of jealousy within the groups causing feuds and war with one another. As some people accumulated more and more objects, the wealthier and more powerful they became. All the power and wealth which was obtained was then passed down, allowing their descendant’s to inherit all the wealth, which in turn gave then power. The second social revolution was caused by the invention of the plow. Some of the consequences of this technology were that more and more people engaged in other activities...
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...China for its innovations and contributions. Ancient Chinese inventions were extremely advanced and are still in use in today. They have contributed to our world civilization’s achievements in the fields of agriculture, shipping, astronomy, printing, oil, martial arts, ammunition, and mathematics. Ancient Chinese inventions such as gunpowder, silk, paper, printing, tea, wheel barrow, iron plows, deep drilling, porcelain, toilet paper and the compass were and still are important pieces of Chinese and global life. These inventions were major blocks in the building of the world that we know today. The four main innovations that I consider essential in our lives are printing, gunpowder, compass, and paper. The method of printing and woodblock, or movable, printing are considered ancient Chinese inventions. This ancient Chinese invention was seen before the first dated book in 868 (Lad). Printing books was time-consuming, as the blackline method used required a new block to be carved for each page. Movable type in printing was invented during the Song Dynasty. Movable Chinese characters were carved from wood, which could be arranged as needed and even reused. Later versions used clay, but these broke easily. During the Ming Dynasty, the wooden movable type was refined and books were printed using the two-color printing process. After the development of paper, printing was one of the most important inventions as it led to expansion in spreading stories, news, and knowledge...
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...mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur. Since Zeng describes three different gunpowder mixtures, we can assume that gunpowder was created sometime earlier. It is also stated by Zeng that the Chinese used it for signal flares and fireworks before even trying it with military uses in grenades. The compass is another great invention of the Chinese. Originally, these were created to point to true south, not north, because south is considered their cardinal direction. In 400 B.C. the earliest compasses were made out of lodestone. Lodestone is a type of magnetic iron ore, that when struck by lightning, it becomes magnetized. Very few people have given us as much joy and sorrow as alcohol. You can relate ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, beer, wine, and liquor to the Chinese. By early 300 B.C., the Chinese had figured out how to refine food products like vinegar and soy sauce using fermentation and distillation. Recent archaeological discoveries have pushed the date for Chinese fermentation and the creation of alcohol much further back. 9000 year old pottery shards uncovered in Henan province, have been found to show traces of alcohol. This discovery proves that the Chinese were the first to make alcohol, since the previous title holders, the...
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...Although the Chinese experimented with block printing by the 11th century, Johannes Gutenberg created movable type in the 15th century and invented a machine that is widely known as the printing press (History of the Printing Press, 2007, The Story section, para. 2). This significant discovery led to the publication of books that promoted literacy and expanded knowledge. This paper provides a background and analysis of the social, economic, and political factors that influenced this important discovery. As a result of this invention, the expansion of knowledge challenged many traditional beliefs and created a paradigm shift in human relationships among different regions of the world. There were Social, Economic, and Political Factors that played a huge role in the printing press as well. During the late medieval times, society was making a change into the coming years. Occurring was a pickup in social factors that lead to emerging capitalism, this sparked off more literacy among the wealthy and upper, middle-class. With new interest of literacy and knowledge, the printing press did not satisfy the demand. Manuscripts, prior to the discovery of the printing press, took years to develop. Thereafter, pages were published using time-consuming wood graving techniques with limited reusability. Pages were compromised of a number of blocks jointed together to raise the words off the page and were then pressed and copied onto another (Ament, 2007). Gutenberg first experimented...
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...RESEARCH AGREEMENT THIS RESEARCH AGREEMENT (“Agreement”), dated as of _____________, 2007, is entered into by and between Visca, LLC, a Michigan limited liability company (“Visca”), and Wayne State University, a public institution of higher education of the State of Michigan (the “University”). RECITALS WHEREAS, Visca has been awarded a research contract (“DoD Contract”) from the Department of Defense (“DoD”) dated January 19, 2007, whereby Visca will research and develop a multi-power source Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (“MEMS”) packaging technology. WHEREAS, Visca wishes to engage the University and the University wishes to provide Visca with the specific research services contemplated by the DoD Contract pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (“Research Project”). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows: 1. SERVICES; PURCHASE ORDERS 1.1. Services. This Agreement shall include Visca’s procurement of research and other services from the University related to the Research Project (the “Services”). The Services are set forth in the Research Project Specification document in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (“Research Project Specification”). The University agrees to provide the Services to Visca in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Research Project Specification. Any purchase order issued by Visca...
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...a Life: The discovery of the Germ Theory Scientists often develop new theories and ideas once previous postulates are shown to be inadequate. After numerous attempts to understand how germs spread, scientists still lacked a theory that explained the cause of diseases. The germ theory was instrumental in formulating an understanding of various diseases in order to protect the public from lethal epidemics. The development of the germ theory is credited to Dr. Robert Koch, Dr. Joseph Lister and chemist Louis Pasteur. The theory helped other scientists develop future vaccines and procedures to stop the spread of disease. The invention significantly changed how society and medical experts thought about and practiced medicine. The germ theory made it possible for scientists to discover the complex causes of infections and diseases such as cholera. At first, the general public was very apprehensive about the rapidly changing medical practices that resulted from the germ theory. However, once these practices were successful, the public trusted the new procedures such as the introduction of the antiseptic practice. Although many medical breakthroughs were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th century the most significant was the discovery of the germ theory because it allowed European physicians to discover other medicines. It was the foundation for the discovery of other medicines such as cholera and the inception of antiseptic surgery. Before the invention of the germ...
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...Major Figures of the Scientific Revolution For hundreds of years the world had been living in the dark, with no advances in science or technology. The people were stuck in the past, blindly following the rules and teachings of the Church. Amidst the dark, came a light known as the Scientific Revolution which dared to challenge the old system of belief and thinking. From the Scientific Revolution emerged major figures whose discoveries and inventions radically impacted Europe and paved the path to the modernization of science and technology. To start, Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory of a heliocentric universe drastically changed the way that Europeans viewed the universe and set the path for future scientists. Furthermore, Galileo Galilei’s invention...
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...proposed by the council of scholars must be agreed upon by the others, and only the scholars can make new discoveries. Equality had to learn that he could not make discoveries on his own the hard way, and running from this harsh society nearly cost him his invention, as well as his life. Ayn Rand’s short novella tells the story of his illegal discoveries, the people he meets along the way, and how he is changed as a person by the end. The nature of technology here is to be scared, and the conditions for technological advancement are for people to be knowledgeable, risk-takers, and to not be afraid of advancing....
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...proposed by the council of scholars must be agreed upon by the others, and only the scholars can make new discoveries. Equality had to learn that he could not make discoveries on his own the hard way, and running from this harsh society nearly cost him his invention, as well as his life. Ayn Rand’s short novella tells the story of his illegal discoveries, the people he meets along the way, and how he is changed as a person by the end. The nature of technology here is to be scared, and the conditions for technological advancement are for people to be knowledgeable, risk-takers, and to not be afraid of advancing....
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...era of science. Science has undoubtedly done a great service to mankind. Man, a rational being, has been curious to explore mysteries of nature and this led to many discoveries being made in various part of the world. But he is never satisfied with the acquired knowledge and is always keen to unravelle mysteries of the universe. He has conquered the land and air. His incredible lust for knowledge has revolutionised human life and raised the standard of life. He was able to invent innumerable ways of making his life comfortable and happy. Every sphere of life has been revolutionised by science. There have been innumerable inventions. One of the greatest inventions is the invention of medicines. There has been a series of tests carried out using animals as subjects and various medicines have been tried out on these animals to check their efficacy. Many fatal diseases can now be cured because we have the drug to fight those diseases. It has reduced the rate of infant mortality and increased the life span. Before these inventions millions of people died for lack of medical care. Science has given us many machines that have made our lives very comfortable. Buses, cars, sewing machines, mixes, grinders, etc. are all machines that are used every day by us and the discovery of electricity has made it possible for us to change night into day and summer into a comfortable cool season It is now easy to cultivate fields as we have tractors...
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