...Quiz 2 Summary Topic 7: Entrepreneurship and development By the grace of invention Author: Julia Novy-Hildesley Thesis: Invention and innovation are critical drivers of prosperity and growth in society. Inventiveness is an essential human characteristic. * Innovation Engine * Engage youth in science/engineering education programs. * Focus on early intervention, out-of-school programs, and generation perceptions of engineering as fun, collaborative and relevant to making a difference in the world. * Ashoka’s youth venture program engages teens from developed/non-developed countries and offer prizes to reward most creative idea/invention. * WGBH-Boston made a public TV show called ‘Design Squad’ that inspires teens to invent by showing real-time invention challenges tackled by teen teams. * President Obama’s Educate to Innovate program has helped increase investments by private corporations in science/engineering education * In-school programs that support Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) are essential. * Ensuring these programs attract and retain a diverse population of young people. Fresher ideas. * Encouraging female and minority participation. * MESA (Math Engineering Science Achievement) engages girls by creating collaborative student teams that tackle multiple invention challenges over a period of several years. * Increasing initiatives to inventors...
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...was an era that began in Britain and slowly spread across the globe. It was a transition to new manufacturing processes which changed Britain from a land of small towns, villages and farms to large towns and factories. The industrial revolution marked a turning point in Britain’s history. Every aspect of daily life was affected in some way. The standard of living increased greatly as did the life expectancy of humans. It was a time where new technologies were invented. During the industrial revolution new medical inventions helped increase the standards of healthcare and with the invention of the vaccination many diseases were prevented. Before the industrial revolution the only means of transport were horses and they provided the only motive transport on land and sails for the sea. The industrial revolution brought railways and canals to Britain. People could move from one place to another faster and in a cheaper price. Due to these new inventions raw materials were transported quicker and easily to factories which helped in the growth of the industry. Population increased rapidly during the industrial revolution due to the improved living conditions. The increase was due to the better health care, as a result less infant mortality. The increase in Britain’s population allowed more people to work which lead to Britain becoming richer and richer and eventually the most powerful country in the world. Richard Arkwright is the person credited with being the brains...
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...Kavan Shah India Rising “We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery would have been made!” –Albert Einstein. India is one of the brightest countries in the world yet is disowned by western powers, America and England. The movie Slumdog Millionaire was directed and written by biased British people. They unfairly and incorrectly portrayed India to the world. Slumdog Millionaire is not an accurate depiction of modern India; it is instead a very innovative, politically stable, and one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Slumdog Millionaire exaggerated the flaws in India’s political system. The movie showed police brutality in the scene where Jamal was interrogated for cheating on the game show. However, that is a rare case and does not occur in most of India. The scene in which police officers watched the violence in the village is also not common in today’s India. In reality India has one of the bravest police forces in the world. When the terrorist attacks of 26/11 occurred, law enforcements agents fought the terrorists to protect the public even though they knew that they would probably die. Finally, India is the world’s largest democracy. Contrary to the opinions of many Western people and as depicted Slumdog Millionaire, corruption has significantly reduced in the government sector. India has a stable democracy and is a global stalwart. The movie showed that the police were bribed by Prem but in modern India...
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...Hum 111 Abstract Ancient Chinese Contributions. (1) Identify eight to ten of these useful inventions or contributions. (2) Nominate four that you believe are the most ingenious or innovative. (3) Explain why you believe these four inventions or contributions are the most useful inventions or contributions from the ancient Chinese. (4) Identify one invention or contribution that you cannot live without and explain why. The Ancient Chinese Contributions (1) Gunpowder One of the inventions created by Ancient China gunpowder as early first century and was used at that time to make medicine for perpetual rejuvenation. Black gunpowder was not invented till the end of the ninth century and was first used to make fireworks, and later the lighting of fireworks became a Chinese tradition to celebrate festivals. The gunpowder was used in weapons at the end of the 10th Century, when firearms such as exploding arrows heads, flintlock rifles and cannon became available on a large scale. During the 18th century when Western powers invaded China, the Chinese troops were still using flintlock rifles and cannons. At the end of the 14th century a Chinese named Wan Hu fitted a chair with 47 prototype self-made rockets and held a large kite in his hands. His plan was to fly into space and then float back down to the Earth using the kite. The rockets ended up exploding and killing Wan Hu but in his honor In the 1970s, the International Astronomical Union named a lunar crater after...
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...Nixon signed the National Environmental Policy Act in 1970 and created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by executive order. The EPA is the governmental agency responsible for protecting the environment through federal research, monitoring, and standard setting and enforcement activities. Under the EPA, a new series of environmental laws surpassed the Johnson initiatives in requiring business to reduce pollution (Rome, 2003). The environmental movement has made America today a more ecologically friendly place than thirty years ago (Goldstein, 2002). Legislation, research and new technologies have worked in unison to reduce pollution, increase recyclability and protect endangered animals, among many other achievements. According to a March 2003 GALLUP POLL, 89% of Americans recycle and 72% buy environmental friendly products (Kharif,...
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...to explain the causes (reasons) or the effects (results) of an event or situation. e.g. Causes of air pollution (multiple factors leading to air pollution). e.g. Effects of watching too much TV (many effects of a situation). Sometimes an event causes something to happen, and that situation leads to another event, and it causes another event to happen. This is called the causal chain or domino effect. e.g. Use of deodorants will bring the end of the world. There may be several causes or effects of a situation. However, in a student essay, it is advisable to keep the number of major points to 2 or 3, which form separate developmental paragraphs. Organization: Depending on the topic, there may be three patterns of organization: 1. Multiple causes-->effect In this pattern, the organization is as follows: thesis statement: Air pollution is caused by the following factors: exhaust gases from cars, uncontrolled factory releases, and burning of low-quality coal for heating. I. exhaust gases from cars A. government does not have enough control B. citizens are not conscientious II. uncontrolled factory gases A. no regular checks on gases released B. factories are inside the borders of residential areas III. burning of low-quality coal for heating A. no governmental control B. other forms of energy too expensive Each developmental paragraph is devoted to one of the causes of air pollution. Each cause is supported by two minor supports. While writing, these major and minor ideas should be...
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...to explain the causes (reasons) or the effects (results) of an event or situation. e.g. Causes of air pollution (multiple factors leading to air pollution). e.g. Effects of watching too much TV (many effects of a situation). Sometimes an event causes something to happen, and that situation leads to another event, and it causes another event to happen. This is called the causal chain or domino effect. e.g. Use of deodorants will bring the end of the world. There may be several causes or effects of a situation. However, in a student essay, it is advisable to keep the number of major points to 2 or 3, which form separate developmental paragraphs. Organization: Depending on the topic, there may be three patterns of organization: 1. Multiple causes-->effect In this pattern, the organization is as follows: thesis statement: Air pollution is caused by the following factors: exhaust gases from cars, uncontrolled factory releases, and burning of low-quality coal for heating. I. exhaust gases from cars A. government does not have enough control B. citizens are not conscientious II. uncontrolled factory gases A. no regular checks on gases released B. factories are inside the borders of residential areas III. burning of low-quality coal for heating A. no governmental control B. other forms of energy too expensive Each developmental paragraph is devoted to one of the causes of air pollution. Each cause is supported by two minor supports. While writing, these major and minor ideas should be...
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...Situations 1. The most important or the least useful scientific discoveries and technological inventions. 2. Agree or challenge: Technological inventions don’t make our lives better. They simply create more products we’re expected to buy. 3. Agree or challenge: My government should spend more money on scientific research and less on other things. 4. Agree or challenge: Science and technology can solve any problem. 5. Arguments for and against capital punishment. Is the death penalty justified? 6. Agree or challenge: Mothers should stay at home to look after their children until they’re old enough to start formal education. 7. A night out in my home town: places to go, sights to see, food to eat, music to dance/sing. 8. Do you often see dreams? Tell about the strangest dream you have ever had. 9. Agree or challenge: The partnership of marriage is more than just two individuals sharing a home. 10. The important role of sleep in our lives. Do you agree that consolidated sleep throughout a whole night is optimal for learning and memory? Why/ Why not? 11. What jobs would you prefer doing or never choose? 12. Why do people get married? Why is marriage important / unimportant? Give reasons for your answer. 13. What jobs are better done by women / men? Provide examples. 14. Pros and cons of working at night. Provide examples. 15. International organisations, their role and functions. 16. What do you think are more powerful, government...
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...1 Chapter 16 Externalities Consumers and producers are internal to a transaction. Consumers receive a benefit from the goods they purchase, while producers pay the costs of production. An externality (sometimes called a spillover) is a cost or benefit that goes to someone external to a transaction. Pollution is a negative (cost) externality. Education and research create a positive externality. Externalities can result from consumption or production. 2 An Example: Suppose that the costs of raising livestock are mostly borne by the rancher, but there is a spillover cost. Streams nearby get polluted, and this affects people (and other species) who use the stream as well as spinach farmers who also use the water for irrigation. Ranchers will consider their own costs of production, but the costs to others could be greater than the surplus from cattle production. 1 3 Negative Externalities • If there is an external cost from production, the Marginal Social Cost is higher than the producer’s Marginal Cost (competitive Supply). • The competitive equilibrium will produce more than the optimal quantity for Society. • If there is an external cost to consumption, the Marginal Social Value is less than Demand. 4 Positive Externalities • If there is an external benefit from consumption, the Marginal Social Benefit is higher than consumer Demand. • The competitive equilibrium will produce less than the optimal quantity for Society. • If there is an external benefit...
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...creativity in the field of technology has always resulted in remarkable innovations. We would not have reached such heights of development without the help of technology. Technology has influenced people in a positive sense. It has instigated people to create better and better innovations. We can never think of our lives without the basic amenities which technology has provided us with. Without such technology we would still be in the pre-historic age. We should be thankful to technology for our metamorphosis from a cave man to the modern man of present age. This modernism is the result of technology and it has made our life better and better with time. It is best tool that the humans have ever invented for self help. The technological inventions from a mixer grinder to the aircrafts have revolutionized the human life. Technology has aided the humans with the power to create anything and this is a process which is still going on with the hope of creating something new and better. Although the positive influence of technology on our lives is credible but at the same time various drawbacks of technology can not be neglected. This tool...
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...fact businessman and corporations with the greed for profits create pollutants which are dumped into the earths rivers and atmosphere. The cutting down of trees from the earth’s forrest are leaving animals without homes and removes natures own oxygen for our own selfish pleasures.Fresh water resources like certain streams and rivers are now being polluted with our human waste. The pollution of none natural resources are covering certain beaches of the earth today. The creation of these non natural resources leave smog in the earth’s atmosphere today. 2. Explain the primary concern over exponential population growth. What promotes exponential population growth? What constrains exponential population growth? The primary concern of exponential growth,would be that as years continue on the earth so does the human population increasing accumulation. With this increase of the population so does the demand for food and supplies of technology in which we depend. As the demand greatens for the technology that humans used in today’s society so does the interruption of natures atmosphere and pollution of the earth’s surface as well. Certain things that are being used in today’s society have become more of an...
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...Industrial Revolution: Webquest Name:__Ankit Baboota____________ Directions: Complete the 5 sections below. Each section has a website that you need to go to. Be sure to answer every question! 1. Inventions. Go to: http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/innovations.html o What 2 major agricultural inventions did Jethro Tull create? The seed drill and horse hoe. o What was the “spinning jenny”? A machine that spun many threads at once. o What did James Watt invent? The steam engine. o What was one advantage of the Steamboat that Robert Fulton created? It could take off under its own power. o What was one of the positive effects of Stephenson’s invention of the steam powered train? Increased communication and trade. o In your opinion what was the most significant invention during the Industrial Revolution, and why? I believe it was the steam engine because it is the source of all running machines. 2. Use of Child Labor. Go to: http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/childlabor.html o What was a typical work day like for children working in the factories? (How long of a day did they work, did they get breaks, etc) Worked hard for up to 19 hours with a one hour break. o Why was factory work dangerous for children? There were large, heavy, and dangerous machines. o Describe the treatment of children who worked in the factories. They were poorly treated. o How did the Factory Act in 1833 improve conditions...
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...and they are not paid for by companies that produce or sell these energy sources (Payne, Dutzik, & Figdor, 2009). This external cost creates additional problems; such as, health issues related to the air pollution caused by the burning of coal and oil, the damage to land from coal mining and to the miners from lung disease, environmental problems like global warming, acid rain, and water pollution including national security cost to protect foreign sources of oil. This pricing system hides the true costs of fossil fuels which results in damage to human health, the environment, and the economy (Payne, Dutzik, & Figdor, 2009). This paper will examine each hidden cost and evaluate their effects to enlighten individuals on the true cost of America’s dependency on fossil fuels. America’s dependency on fossil fuels began innocently enough with the start of the Industrial Revolution. These changes were small at first with the invention of machines that replaced the hard labor of hand tools. Next were new sources of energy to power the new inventions which replaced the muscle of man and horse. Last were the factories which could produce products at a faster rate and required a smaller labor force. The industrial revolution grew slowly as each year brought new inventions and better manufacturing process. As these changes...
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...The industrial revolution was crucial to creating a growing world and economy. Great Britain ignited the fire and was the first among all nations to take part in the industrial revolution. A mix of different factors made the industrial revolution possible; available wealth, increasing population, more available labor, and availability of cheap materials (Duiker, 2009). The steam engine was a popular invention during the eighteenth century and was easy to utilize since society wasn’t worried about a depleting non-renewable energy supply. This only continued to create more jobs for individuals and contribute to a growing economy. The use of the steam engine and consumption of coal paved a path to the production of the railroad, which was also...
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...places, and in the planet’s most secluded areas are experiencing coral reef crisis. Coral reefs survival are endangered from a controlling mixture of stresses which include global warming, bleaching, carbon dioxide, water pollution, sedimentation, coastal development, damaging fishing practices, coral mining, tourism, and ozone depletion. Threatening behavior from human activities, either direct or indirect, create considerable hazards to coral reef ecosystems, and the human populations that rely on them. Ocean warming caused from global warming and ozone depletion is severely hazardous to coral reefs. Coral organisms are extremely receptive to temperature changes. Water temperature increase may cause mass bleaching among coral reefs which causes coral polyps to expel zooxanthellae from the stress caused by ultraviolet radiation or heat. Zooxanthellae supplies reef corals with up to 80% of its energy, making zooxanthellae necessary for coral survival (Coral Reef Alliance, 2010). Zooxanthellae provide color for corals so when released corals become white or bleached. Coral have a chance to recover from bleaching effect only if normal conditions return promptly enough, but in most cases coral colonies that have bleached die. In the past 20 years air pollution from carbon dioxide has raised by one-third. Carbon dioxide dissolving in the oceans and have been destructive to coral reefs causing the skeletons of the coral to deteriorate. Because of having a weak skeleton corals...
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