...BABS1201 Group Enzymes Project Group Protocol Including Equipment and Reagents List Lab Day: Lab Time: Wednesday 10am – 1pm Are you in Lab G20 (furthest from BSB Student Office) or Lab G21 (closest to BSB Student Office)?: Demonstrator Name: Daniel Winters Names of Group Members: Johnny Nguyen, Therese Pham, Linda Tang Name of Enzyme You are Investigating: Amylase Brief Background: Amylase is a digestive enzyme, produced mainly by the salivary glands and the pancreas, to break down starch in food into smaller carbohydrate molecules and disaccharides such as maltose. It can be found in humans and some other mammals. Some plants and bacteria may also produce amylase. After being broken down into smaller carbohydrate molecules, it can be converted into a monosaccharide such as glucose, which fuels processes for organism function. There are two variations of this molecule but the ...
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...The Case of the Mysterious White Powder Abstract: Students, it’s now time for you to prove your labworthyness, as your knowledge is critical to solving the case. You will need to record data in your notebooks. Make sure your handwriting is legible and well organized. Background: Mr. Luigi is one of the best bakers in the land. So good in fact, that everyone is willing to pay him one hundred gold coins to buy and enjoy his delicious cakes. One day Luigi got a very special request. The Princess asked if Luigi would bake a cake for her birthday party! Luigi was happy to accept because the Princess was one of the most popular people in the land. If he baked a perfect cake, who knows what it might lead to. Day and night he worked perfecting his recipe until it was just right for the Princes s. When the day finally arrived, Luigi headed over to the castle with all of his ingredients. Just as he finished mixing the batter together, a cry came from outside. Luigi rushed out to see what all the commotion was about. After stomping and kicking some Koopa shell, he headed back to the kitchen to put the finishing touches on the cake. Luigi was so proud to deliver the cake and see the smile on the Princess’s face. Songs were sung, and pieces were passed around to all the attendants. But Luigi was horrified as he watched person after person spit out their cake! Even after tasting it himself Luigi could barely finish two bites before spitting it out. What could have gone wrong? Someone...
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...Lab Report on Osmosis and Diffusion Biology 1, Period 3 March 15, 2010 Lab Team: Jason Perez, Kicia Long, Chris McLemore Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to observe the acts of passive transport: diffusion and osmosis in a model membrane system. The experiment will show how molecules in solution move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. The model membrane is dialysis tubing. Materials Used 2.5 cm dialysis tubing 15% glucose solution glucose test strip 1% starch solution distilled water Lugol’s iodine solution Procedure: Each member of the lab group will complete the procedures independently 1. Obtain a 30 cm piece of 2.5-cm dialysis tubing that has been soaking in water. Tie off one end of the tubing to form a bag. To open the other end of the bag, rub the end between your fingers until the edges separate. 2. Place 15 mL of the 15% glucose/1% starch solution in the bag. Tie off the other end of the bag, leaving sufficient space for the expansion of the contents in the bag. Record the color of the solution and weight of the bag in a data table. 3. Test the 15% glucose/1% starch solution for the presence of glucose using a test strip. Record the results in the data table. 4. Fill a 250 mL beaker or cup two-thirds full with distilled water. Add approximately 4 mL of Lugol's solution to the distilled water and record the color of the solution in data table. Test this solution...
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...In this experiment I had to do a food test on a variety of foods such as Apple, Celery, Bread, Biscuit, Cheese, and Milk mixing or combining with the Iodine solution, Sodium Hydroxide solution and Copper Sulphate solution. From that It allowed me to see if there are any changes to the foods when adding the solutions. The most important part when doing this food test was I had to investigate it safely and efficiently followed by the health and safety rules so that I carry out my experiment in a correct way and therefore my results can be accurate enough. I had to follow the health and safety rules as it was very important for me to follow them when doing the food test experiment. This is because I had to use some chemicals and solutions which sometimes can be allergic or harmful for some people. So in order not to over come any mistakes I had to wear protective glasses and lab coat. They were very important because one for the lab coat it protected if anything spill on the clothes then it will spell in the lab coat for the second one which is protective glasses it will prevent any spill to the eye as glasses are wore. Equipment needed Lab coat Protective glasses Lamp Test tube rack White tile Filter paper Method 1.Put a small amount of each of the food substances into a test tube, add a few drops of iodine solution and then record any changes. A blue/black colour indicates the presence of starch. 2. Put a small amount of each...
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... PRE LAB OBJECTIVES -Group 1: What is sodium alginate? A natural polymer of kelp and sea weed Define polymer. Principle component of the cell wall in algae -Group 2: Define the term hydrophilic. Water loving What makes sodium alginate extremely hydrophilic? Ionic –co2 and –oh groups -Group 3: Describe how sodium alginate is used in many processed foods. It is a thickening agent -Group 4: Model -Group 5: What happens to sodium alginate if you replace the sodium ions in sodium alginate with calcium ions? The sodium alginate becomes calcium alginate which is an insoluble gel. What is chelating ligand? Polymer where each Ca2+ ion is bound to four –CO2- groups -Group 6: What happened when a concentrated solution of sodium alginate is added drop wise to a dilute solution of calcium chloride? Insoluble spheres form How does this lab model nanotechnology? The capsules are semi-permeable -Group 7: List all safety precautions for this lab below. Goggles, gloves, and aprons BACKGROUND This lab is a good example of nanotechnology. It accurately displays the main goal of nanotechnology, which is to get objects into living cells. So, since it is such a good example you need to know what nanotechnology is. Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale. Now that you know that you need to know the more specific information behind this particular lab. This...
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...Effects on rate of Osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane for varying starch solute concentrations and water mixed with Lugol’s Iodine The contents of this document pertain to the effect of particle (starch) concentration on the rate of Osmosis through a selectively permeable membrane made visible by the use of Lugol’s Iodine indicator. The results proved that the greater the concentration of the starch solute within the membrane, the greater the rate of osmosis and change in color of the solute due to an increase of Lugol’s Iodine diffusing into the membrane and reacting with the starch. Ruba Nizam 3/18/2014 Introduction The purpose of this lab is to test the rates of osmosis on a model of a selectively permeable membrane filled with varying levels of starch concentrations using dialysis tubing. This experiment will make it possible to see how particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to the use of Lugol’s Iodine indicator. According to Michael McKinley, osmosis is defined as the, “movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium” (McKinley). Diffusion is related to the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis and diffusion are both passive transports that do not require energy although osmosis is the diffusion of water (Balmer). These transport processes occur across...
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...120 Date 2-24-14 Scientific Method Lab Objective – For this lab, our objective was to identify the five mystery powders given to us which we were similar in appearance and to check their solubility and reactivity with water, vinegar and iodine. The objective was also to record information as accurate as possible and also to make observations in the reactions of five mystery powders with water, vinegar and iodine. Hypothesis- if we are using all the household mystery powders them they should all dissolve in water because I think all the household powders are soluble in water. Background information- we were given five different mystery household powders. So, as being different powders their physical and chemical properties will also be different such as some of them will react to water, some will react to vinegar and some to iodine. 1. To ensure that the data is correct all of us the group members did our recordings whatever we saw or observe and then checked it with all of the group members. 2. We also did all the tests one by one first with water, second with vinegar and then with iodine. I thought that if sodium bicarbonate reacts with vinegar then it will also react with iodine which wasn’t true. It reacted only with vinegar. 3. From our observations we used solubility and litmus paper to distinguish one [powder from another. 4. For most of this lab we used qualitative observations because at first before even starting the lab we looked at the unknown powders, potato...
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...molecules (macromolecule) found in living organisms – Carbohydrates, Lipid, Proteins and Nucleic Acids. They all have different chemical properties and can be identified by their functional groups. A chemical test that is sensitive to these functional groups can be used to identify or test for the presence of each of the macromolecules. This lab tests for major macromolecules using such tests. (Karp, 2005) The Iodine test is used to detect starch and glycogen, the Benedict’s test is used to test for reducing sugars and the Biuret test is used to detect protein. (Landesberg, 2011) The Iodine test is useful to distinguish starch and glycogen from other polysaccharides. A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of sugar molecules. Plants and animals store their simple sugars in the form of polysaccharides. The polysaccharide that plants use is called starch, and it has a lot of glucose units connected together with glycosidic bonds. Starch also has a polymer called amylose, which reacts with the iodine during the test and gives it a blue-black colour. Glycogen, in animals, is bigger (in terms of molecular weight) and it’s structurally very different. It has a lot of branches and they give glycogen the reddish-brown colour in the iodine test. The Benedict’s test tests for reducing sugars. Sugars that contain an aldehyde group are called reducing sugars (University of Waterloo, 2014). When they are mixed and heated with the Benedict’s reagent, they reduce the Copper...
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...Experiment On Food TestIn: Science Experiment On Food Test In this experiment I had to do a food test on a variety of foods such as Apple, Celery, Bread, Biscuit, Cheese, and Milk mixing or combining with the Iodine solution, Sodium Hydroxide solution and Copper Sulphate solution. From that It allowed me to see if there are any changes to the foods when adding the solutions. The most important part when doing this food test was I had to investigate it safely and efficiently followed by the health and safety rules so that I carry out my experiment in a correct way and therefore my results can be accurate enough. I had to follow the health and safety rules as it was very important for me to follow them when doing the food test experiment. This is because I had to use some chemicals and solutions which sometimes can be allergic or harmful for some people. So in order not to over come any mistakes I had to wear protective glasses and lab coat. They were very important because one for the lab coat it protected if anything spill on the clothes then it will spell in the lab coat for the second one which is protective glasses it will prevent any spill to the eye as glasses are wore. Equipment needed Lab coat Protective glasses Lamp Test tube rack White tile Filter paper Method 1.Put a small amount of each of the food substances into a test tube, add a few drops of iodine solution and then record any changes. A blue/black colour indicates the...
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...MY BIOLOGY S.B.A Lab #1 Topic: Classification Aim: To classify organisms into groups Apparatus: Method: A list of 10 organisms in my school environment was made and observed. A table was constructed to show the organism and their visible characteristics. Another table was constructed to show the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organisms belong. Observation Organism | Visible Characteristics | Bird | They are vertebrates with a pair of wings. They also have a beak | Cat | They are vertebrates that have sharp claws, a smooth coat of hair (fur) and panted teeth | Earth Worm | Has a long, ring-like segmental body, lives in the soil, has a clitellum | Lizard | Has a scaly skin, 2 pairs of legs | Crab | Has a hard exo-skeleton, has claws, four pairs of jointed legs, seen in wet places | | | Plants | | Pine | Has stems, roots and leaves, produces seed that grow inside cones | Fern | Has roots, stems and leaves, has spores on the underside of the leaves, does not have flower | Hibiscus | Produces flowers, has root, stems and leaves | Leaf of Life | Does not produce flower, has roots, stems and leaves | Mahogany | Has roots, Stems and leaves | | Organism | Kingdom | Phylum | Class | 1 | Bird | Animalia | Chordata | Ares | 2 | Cat | Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | 3 | Earthworm | Animalia | Chordata | | 4 | Lizard | Animalia | Chordata | Reptilia | 5 | Crab | Animalia | Chordata | Crustacea | Plants 1 | Pine | Plantae...
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...An experiment to show effect of the temperature on the action of an enzyme Abstract The experiment was to analyse what reaction temperature would have on Amylase enzyme. We heated alpha amylase solution to set temperatures then tested for the presents starch with iodine solution. Any starch would turn the iodine black. Once the starch had broken down the iodine would remain brown to suggest the presents of maltose. Usually I would expect to find that the reactions would increase as the temperature increased. After it reached its optimum temperature then the reaction would slow down rapidly or stop all together. However throughout the experiment we uncovered a number of flaws, the flaws would have contributed to the failure of this experiment and the rejection of my hypothesis. Introduction Enzymes are proteins that were made during protein synthesis. They are globular in shape and of a tertiary structure that has an active site. The protein molecules act as a catalyse biochemical reaction in living organisms. (Indge, B (1993), A-Z Biology. London. Wearset. 90). A catalyse is something that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly without itself being changed. This means that enzymes can be re-used. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy necessary to start a reaction. As less energy is necessary, biochemical reactions can take place at the temperatures and pressures found in living cells. (Indge, B (1993), A-Z Biology. London. Wearset. 90). ...
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...wouldn’t be able to take place at body temperature. Or rather if they did, they would do so at a very slow rate. Enzymes are what allow the reactions to take place rapidly and efficiently. In this lab we will be demonstrating the role of enzymes as described, and also observing how the different concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors will affect the enzyme activity. Procedure: Prior to starting we will need to have three water baths readily available. One will be at 0-5*C, second at 35-40*c, and the last at boiling. The first part of this lab has us working with catalysis. We take three test tubes and add 2mL of 3%H2O2 to each. Test tube one will receive a small piece of raw liver. Test tube two receives a small piece of cooked liver, and test tube three does not receive anything. We will observe which solution quickly produces foam, and record our observations. We move onto enzyme concentrations. Again taking three test tubes we fill them as follows: Test tube # | 2% Rennin Solution mL | Distilled water mL | Milk,Ml | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Then we add 1mL of 3M HCL to each test tube and mix. At the same time we will place all three test tubes into the second water bath, 35-40*c. Using a stop watch we will keep track of the time the test tubes are in the water bath. We need to record the order in which the solutions form a precipitate. Now we move...
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...21. Create another iodine-blank sample following steps 12-16 22. Insert a tip on the 50μL micropipette 22. Take 50μL of the previously prepared 1% starch solution and deposit that into a test tube 23. Place the test tube in the vortexer 24. Pour the starch/iodine/ distilled water solution into a cuvette 25. Using a tissue (kleenex/ kimwipe) wipe the surface of the cuvette down 26. Remove the previous sample and insert the new one in 27. Record the new absorbance reading, this is the maximum, remove the sample from the spectrophotometer. Now we have the minimum and the maximum absorbances set for this lab, we have set the range. Creating 6 iodine-blank samples with 50μL of 1% starch 28. Create 6 iodine-blank samples following steps 12-16...
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...The purpose of this experiment is to figure out who sabotaged Luigi’s cake with a mystery substance. The way we did this was by testing the multiple mystery powders to see there reactions to vinegar, iodine, and heat. The vinegar tests for the presence of acid, the iodine tests for the presence of starch, and heat to test for burning point. The items needed to complete this lab are a Bunsen burner, tin foil, plastic film, iodine, vinegar, baby powder, baking powder, baking soda, flour, corn starch, and powder sugar. I believe that toad sabotaged Luigi’s cake because no one suspects the toad. 1) You need to gather all the materials. Including mystery substances 1-6 2) Put mystery powder 1 on the plastic film in two piles, and test its reaction to vinegar then to iodine. Repeat this for mystery powders 2-6. 3) Record results 4) Make 6 small bowls out of the tin foil to hold the mystery powders. 5) Connect the Bunsen burner hose. 6) Turn on the gas and light with a striker. 7) Hold the tin foil bowls with the mystery powders in them with tongs, and then move the bowls over the flame for 20 to 30 seconds. 8) Record results Observations Vinegar Iodine Heat A White powder, Blue tint No Fizz No reaction Burned around edges B White powder, fine, clumps together Fizz Reaction Smokes, burns edges C fine powder, clumps Fizz No reaction No heating reaction D clumps, yellow tint, soft No Fizz Reaction Very quick reaction, Flames E very soft, very fine No Fizz Reaction Caught...
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...The White Powder Mystery The purpose of this experiment is to figure out who sabotaged Luigi’s cake with a mystery substance. The way we did this was by testing the multiple mystery powders to see there reactions to vinegar, iodine, and heat. The vinegar tests for the presence of acid, the iodine tests for the presence of starch, and heat to test for burning point. The items needed to complete this lab are a Bunsen burner, tin foil, plastic film, iodine, vinegar, baby powder, baking powder, baking soda, flour, corn starch, and powder sugar. I believe that toad sabotaged Luigi’s cake because no one suspects the toad. 1) You need to gather all the materials. Including mystery substances 1-6 2) Put mystery powder 1 on the plastic film in two piles, and test its reaction to vinegar then to iodine. Repeat this for mystery powders 2-6. 3) Record results 4) Make 6 small bowls out of the tin foil to hold the mystery powders. 5) Connect the Bunsen burner hose. 6) Turn on the gas and light with a striker. 7) Hold the tin foil bowls with the mystery powders in them with tongs, and then move the bowls over the flame for 20 to 30 seconds. 8) Record results Observations Vinegar Iodine Heat A White powder, Blue tint No Fizz No reaction Burned around edges B White powder, fine, clumps together Fizz Reaction Smokes, burns edges C fine powder, clumps Fizz No reaction No heating reaction D clumps, yellow tint, soft No Fizz Reaction Very quick reaction, Flames E very soft, very fine...
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