...The case “JetBlue Airways IPO Valuation” outlines JetBlue’s innovative strategy and the associated strong financial performance over the initial two years, in order to determine the price of initial public offering of its stock on April 2002. To the whole industry of Airlines, the terrorist attacks of September 2001 caused a challenge, especially to large numbers of low-fare U.S. airlines. However, JetBlue remained profitable and grew aggressively. From 2002, the low-fare business model gained momentum in the U.S. airline industry. The dominant player among low-fare airlines, Southwest Airlines, has been going so successfully with its stable growth rate of revenue (Exhibit 8) and increasing operating margin forecasts (Exhibit 5). As a relatively new company, JetBlue had made significant progress in establishing a strong brand by seeking to be identified as a safe, reliable, low-fare airline. In addition, a solid Neeleman’s management team, with David Barger and John Owen joining, was formed to enhance the success of going public. Therefore, to support JetBlue’s growth trajectory, going public and raising financing for the company is appropriate at this moment. Going public has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages The main purpose of going public is to increase capital for the issuer. A public offering would place a value on the company's stock and insiders who retain stock may be able to sell their shares or use them as collateral. Going public also...
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...JetBlue Airways IPO Valuation Summary In July 1999, David Neeleman announced his plan to launch a new airline that would bring “ humanity back to air travel.” Despite the fact the airline industry had 87 new-airline failures in U.S. over the past 20 years. Neeleman’s plan convinced a group of investors and quickly raised $130 million from venture-capital community. This is the way JetBlue Airways established. With its strong capital base, JetBlue acquired a fleet of new Airbus A320 aircraft and focused on low-cost, point-to-point service to large metropolitan areas with high average fares or highly traveled markets that were underserved. This strategy brought JetBlue Airways an excellent position in the beginning phase. JetBlue Airways started to expand aggressively and remained profitable even after the terrorist attacks of September 2001 by insisting on its low-fare strategy. In April 2002, barely two years since established, JetBlue meet its initial public offering (IPO). The initial price range for JetBlue shares was $22 to $24, but facing sizable excess demand, the management increased the range as $25 to $26. After the whole process of IPO including SEC review and comments, roadshow, pricing, tombstone advertisements, JetBlue finally launched in NASDAQ at $27/share as initial pricing, closed at $45/share on the first day of trading. With the proper strategy in IPO process, JetBlue make a huge success on its IPO. Questions Why JetBlue Airways can still remain profitable...
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...strategic repositioning of the company and the use of the IPO as an exit for minority shareholders affect the attractiveness of the IPO? The strategic repositioning of the company was to gradually shift away and exist from customer care which TRX generated more than 50% in 2000, and Davis’s long term strategy was to focus on the higher margin sectors, such as data transaction and integrations. By shifting away from customer care, of course would reduce operational cost and increase bottom line for the company but I think it would affect the attractiveness of the IPO in negative way. If I was an investor I would be in agreement with TRX only if they were reducing the customer care due to the high operating cost, but I mean reducing, not totally exist. In the service based company, interacting with end consumers is critical even know it has lower margin but the company should be able to profit from it, if it continues to operate in the future which I believe would create higher customer satisfaction and strong long term relationship with end-consumers. Davis decided to use the strategy to make the financial data looking good or positioning the company for the IPO which he knows that he was going to do in the future because the company need capital to support the firm’s growth, however to exist a sector was not good way to start with the risk that they might have lower customer satisfaction, as the company went IPO, any negative issues would tank the company’s shares if they...
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...30/share) the equity price would be even higher at $31.89. This is obviously a very large range, but sometimes it is best not to use static prices based upon just the current year. The case also gives forward looking ratios for these companies as well. As shown below we have gone ahead and calculated what they look like moving forward. Thus, much like before using the average EBIT multiple and PE multiple for these five companies, we can extrapolate figures for JetBlue as well and come up with an equity price of $37.71 and $13.67 respectively. Taking all five of these figures into consideration and averaging them out gives us a price of $27.81. Given the figures that we calculated and the current economic state of the market, we would recommend the IPO price to be set between $23 and $25....
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...a multiples analysis, calculating and defending an estimate of Crocs value. Soln: Comparable companies analysis – Done to determine appropriate valuation multiple for Crocs, Inc. • • Selected peer group based on industry, business and financial characteristics Included explosive growth stocks such as Lulelemon & Under Armour having similar prospects for growth and ROIC as Crocs, Inc. and some mature, stabilized businesses with stable industry growth rates – Nike, Deckers & Timberland. This mix will help us provide valuation from an aggressive sales growth and maturing sales context. Some characteristics used in selection include – o Primary or at least significant portion of business revenue comes from footwear & apparel – analogous to Crocs primary business o Has product appeal to large group of customers o Has distinct product attributes (innovative/creative) and differentiation from competition o Has wide range of distribution channels o CAGR Sales growth, COGS to Sales & Significantly less debt exposure on their balance sheets o Have characteristics of high octane growth and show signs of maturity and stabilizing long-term growth similar to well established footwear brands. • Valuation Multiples The objective was to compare operating metrics and valuation multiples in a peer group to that of Crocs, Inc. for equity valuation. The market multiple model is based on the idea that on average, a company, over time would have roughly the same value as its peers. Assumption:...
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...Group Work: Financial Statement Analysis of your selected listed Bangladeshi company Guideline for Term Paper Dear All, Please complete the strategy analysis and accounting analysis based on the following guideline by next 2 weeks for the company allocated to your group for term paper, and give me the update. Topic Specific Topics Key Questions Strategy Analysis Industry Analysis (Five forces Model) Rivalry -How do firms in an industry rivalry compete among themselves? -What are the dimensions of the competition? Threat of new entrants -What are the legal entry barriers for a new firm? -What are the economic entry barriers for a new firm? Threat of substitute products -Is there any substitute products of the industry? -If so, What is the level of price difference with substitute product? Bargaining power of buyers -What is level of buyers’ price sensitivity? -What is the buyers’ relative bargaining power? Bargaining power of suppliers -How many numbers of suppliers? -How much critical the product is to buyers? Competitive Strategy Analysis Which competitive strategy the company has taken? Cost leadership or Differentiation Corporate Strategy Analysis -Are there significant imperfections in the product, labor or financial markets in the industry in which the company is operating? - Does the company have special resources such as brand names, proprietary know how, access to scarce distribution channels, and special organization...
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...ultimately reduced their business risk. In analyzing the financial risk, the continuous acquisitions have definitely increased the operational risk for the company. Since the case didn’t provide us with the financial statements for Monmouth, we can assume that in order to complete the acquisition they have to issue stocks as they exhausted (or will pretty soon exhaust) their debt capacity. 2. Based on the DCF valuation and using a WACC of 8.25% (the beta assumed to be 1, the average beta of comparable firms and the coupon rate to be 7.96%, the rate for BB rated companies) and a growth rate of 5.5%. The fair price is $40.4 per share for Robertson, lower than the $50 offered by Simmons to sell their stocks but higher than the current market price of $30. As for the peer multiples, and due to the lack of information for the comparable companies we only managed to calculate the EBIAT multiple, the earnings multiple and the book value multiple using the three comparable companies, Actuant Corp, Snap On Inc., and Stanley Works. The result of the multiple valuation showed a fair price of $40.1 per share based on the EBIAT multiple and a value of $29.61 per share based on the earnings multiple. Both prices are below the fair price calculated by the DCF. Only the book value multiple exceeded the DCF fair value with a value of $65.25. The first two multiples failed to capture the future potential and growth of the corporation, where the DCF managed to include it as a factor in the...
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...2 Graduate Thesis By Teia R. Merring Copenhagen Business School Strategic and financial analysis and valuation of B&O 0 1 Executive Summary................................................................................2 Introduction............................................................................................6 1.1Motivation.................................................................................................................. 6 1.2Problem Specification................................................................................................ 8 1.3Problem Identification................................................................................................ 8 1.4Problem Handling .................................................................................................... 10 1.5Structure and Methodology...................................................................................... 12 1.5.1Introduction and Presentation........................................................................... 12 1.5.2Strategic Analysis............................................................................................. 12 1.5.3Financial Statement Analysis ........................................................................... 13 1.5.4Prognoses and Budgets..................................................................................... 14 1.5.5Valuation.......................................
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...According to 820-10-35-54-c, it was reasonable to determine that market is not active. Because the adjustments were based on management’s assumption, FFC didn’t used level 1 inputs in the income approach valuation technique (present value technique). In addition, significant adjustment inputs includes credit adjustment (level 3 inputs) and liquidity risk adjustment (level 3 inputs), and implied rate of return (level 2 inputs) under ASC 820-10-35-48/52. According to ASC 820-10-35-37A, when the inputs are categorized within different levels of the hierarchy, the entire instrument should be in the same level of hierarchy as the lowest level inputs that is significant to the entire measurement. So, CDO should be categorized within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Instrument 2 There was no significant decrease in the volume and activity for the MBS, because no significant factors occurred. Therefore, the market should be still active, even the market became increasingly volatile with some declined activity in the Q4 2012. In my opinion, FFC should still use market approach valuation because (1) quoted prices were highest priority inputs in accordance with ASC 820-10-35-37 (2) the theoretical income-approach pricing model needed significant assumption. In the market approach valuation, quoted prices for the similar observed transactions was level 2 inputs. Then, FFC should classify the MBS into level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Instrument 3 According to...
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...• IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS: A GUIDE TO APPLYING IAS 36 IN PRACTICE. • PUBLISHED IN MARCH 2014. Explanation of the basis of key assumptions and the valuation approach used to determine the recoverable amount (IAS 36.132(encouraged), 134(d)(i)-(v), (e)(i)-(v), 135(d)) • Key assumptions usually left out. • If discussed they were not sufficient. • Key assumptions include gross margin, government bond rates, exchange rate for the period, raw material price, inflation, market share, etc. • Comparative information is required Where goodwill or indefinite life intangibles have been allocated to a CGU (or group of CGUs), but no impairment has been recognized, reasonably possible changes in assumptions if such changes would cause the unit’s carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount (IAS 36.134(f), IAS 36.135(e)) • Sensitivity Analysis is not provided. • If provided, it is not consistent. • If book value increases, investors would expect a clear sensitivity analysis. • sensitivity analysis should incorporate all key assumptions (beyond discount rate and growth rate) . Description of the entity’s CGU when it recognises or reverses an impairment loss for the CGU during the period (IAS 36.130(d)(i)) • Disclosures did not provide description. • If they did, they lacked substance. • Users did not have an idea of the impact of the impairment on the financial activities. Explanation of the events and circumstances that contributed to the impairment loss or reversal (IAS 36.130(a))...
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...f92007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Pilot Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec June Dec Jun Dec Jun Funding of working capital 3 3 4 2 2 3 Overtrading 2 Cash management 3 1 2 Receivables management 3 4 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 Inventory management (EOQ) 4 3 3 4 2 NPV with inflation and/or tax 4 2 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 Return on capital employed 4 2 1 Payback period 2 Lease or buy 1 Capital rationing 1 1 Replacement 1 3 1 Internal rate of return 4 2 4 2 1 Risk and uncertainty 2 1 1 1 Sources of finance 2 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 Rights issue 3 2 1 4 3 4 Dividend policy 3 4 3 Theories of gearing 1 1 2 Weighted average cost of capital 1 1 3 1 2 2 4 2 3 4 3 2 Capital asset pricing model 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 Share / business valuation 1 2 1 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 Market efficiency 1 2 2 Forecasting exchange rates 2 4 3 Foreign exchange risk management 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 Interest rate risk 2 3 Financial ratios 1 3 2 4 2 4 Please do read the following notes carefully: 1 The purpose of this table is to help you find which questions to practice for specific topics. Do not use this table to try and predict what will be in the next exam - the examiner does deliberately repeat topics! The numbers in the columns are the question number in the exam. Many questions cover more than one area of the syllabus - that is why the same question number sometimes appears more than once, 2 For latest course notes, free audio & video lectures, support and forums please visit...
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...Valuation of Intellectual Property: Approaches We have moved into an information age characterized by increasing competition and shorter product life cycles; companies are more dependent on their intellectual properties (IP), as it has being recognized as a Valuable Business Asset. The Value of IP is much different & Valuation is much difficult than the value of any other assets. IP is creation of Human mind but to know the value or to trade that property we have to “value” them. The three main approaches are Market Approach, Income Approach & Cost Approach. Introduction Business enterprise is comprised of Working Capital, Fixed Assets, Intangible Assets and Intellectual Property. The increasing challenges of corporate world everyone wants to earn competitive advantages over others resulting into more dependence on Intellectual Property . Intangible assets Working Business Fixed Capital Enterprise Assets Intellectual Property According to economic theory, the value of an asset is best determined by the market, in the form of a transaction between two unrelated entities dealing at arm’s length. Unfortunately, intangible assets and IP that will eventually support products seldom benefit from open market conditions, either due to novelty or secrecy factors. In consideration of the growing investments required to develop and market products, there is a growing need for assessing the economic value of...
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...Case #1. Liston Mechanics Corporation DEADLINE. 4TH CLASS, END OF CLASS SUBMISSION: BY EMAIL AT SAUGUSTE@UTDT.EDU This case gives you an overview of three DCF-based valuation variants (FCFF, FCFE, and APV), relative valuation via comps, and relative valuation via trans. Please use exclusively the data in the case. PART A You must compute the Equity Value of Liston Corp., on a stand-alone basis (i.e., pre-acquisition), for Jim Liston, by doing the following: 1. Use DCF via FCFF discounted at constant target WACC to compute the value of the company and equity. 2. Now check: does the actual D/A ratio (i.e., after your valuation) match the target D/A? If not, find the amount of initial debt that should be used to force a match between actual and target D/A. Using that debt value, recompute Equity. 3. Using the amount of debt you calculated in the previous step as a fixed amount over the planning horizon, perform a valuation via FCFE discounted at constant Ce. What could be wrong with this procedure? 4. Now perform APV with constant debt (again at the fixed level computed in Step 2) and include default risk by discounting tax benefits at the unlevered Ce. 5. Perform APV with constant debt (again at same debt level) but this time, account for default risk by discounting tax benefits at Cd AND by adding a negative term equal to 15% of unlevered EV. 6. Using the original debt amount of Liston (i.e., $ 140 million), compute Equity via comps using EV/Sales...
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...Intellectual Property Valuatoin Techniques By Daryl Martin and David Drews- IPmetrics LLC Introducation Unlike many of the other assests found on a company’s balance sheet, the intangible assets, such as patents, trademarks and copyrights, are among the most difficult to quantify in terams of their value. It becomes further complicated to ascertain value when contemplating more obscure intangible assets, such as trade dress, trade sectets or software code. While difficult, the value of these assests can be accurately calculated via a number of industry accepted methodologies. The key to a successful analysis is to develop a comprehensive plan of action. The initial point to determine when attempting to value intellectual propery or intangible assests is the rationale for undertaking the analysis in the first place. Why do you need to know the value of the assets? The most obvious situations are those in which a third party has an interest in the asset values. For example, the internal revenue service and othe tax authorities want a detailed understanding about the basis for any value determination used when allocating portions of the purchase price associated with ethe acquisition of other companies. This issue has become even more important with the recent issuance of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard 142, Goodwill and Other intangible Assets, which changed the accounting treatment of certain intangibles acquired through business combinations. Instead of a more-or-less...
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...Valuation is the estimation of an asset’s value, whether real or financial, based on variables perceived to be related to future investment returns, on comparison with similar assets, or, when relevant, on estimates of immediate liquidation proceeds (Pinto, Henry, Robinson, Stowe; 2010). Correct valuation of real assets can present challenges to financial analysts. Different models can be used to arrive at the closest estimate of value and yet certain issues will always arise. This case attempts to tackle two approaches in real asset valuation: Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis and the issues surrounding such, as well as the Black-Scholes Model for Real Options. Questions to be addressed in the study are: 1. Evaluate Amoco’s and Apache’s corporate objectives and strategies. Is it reasonable to expect that the MW properties are more valuable to Apache than to Amoco? What sources of value most plausibly account for the difference between buyer and seller? 2. Structure and execute a DCF valuation of all the MW reserves. How much are the reserves worth? Is your estimate more likely to be biased high or low? What are the sources of bias? 3. How would you structure an analysis of MW as a portfolio of assets in place and options? Specifically, which parts of the business should be regarded as assets in place and which as options? What kinds of options are present? Should this approach yield a higher or lower value that the DCF approach? 4. Execute the analysis you structured in...
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