...of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia Research paper presented to SPPSPTM, NMIMS In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree B.Pharm + MBA (MBA PharmaTech) By Dishali Shah A073 Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Statement by candidate This is to submit that this submission report is my report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” represents my ideas in my own words and where others’ ideas have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have followed all the principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/ data/ fact / source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be a cause of strict disciplinary action by the School and can also evoke penal action from the sources, which have thus not been properly cited, or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed. P. Score________% Signature of Student Name of Student SVKM’s NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056. SHOBHABEN PRATAPBHAI PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, SVKM’s NMIMS 2 Certificate The work described in this report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” has been carried out by Ms. Dishali J....
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...Demographics The exact number of people in any country with anemia is difficult to determine because the disorder often goes undiagnosed. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), anemia affects more than 3 million Americans. Other sources estimate that 4% of men and 8% of women in the general populations of Canada, the United States, and Western Europe have mild anemia. It is thought that the rates of anemia are 2-5 times higher in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder in the world. WHO, estimates that 80% of the world's population may be iron deficient. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among the geriatric population is estimated at 5-15%. Although the prevalence of anemia is greater in women than men aged less than 75, by age 75, male prevalence surpasses female prevalence by about 5%. Anemia can be mild, moderate, or severe enough to lead to life-threatening complications. More than 400 different types of anemia have been identified, many of which are rare. Iron deficiency anemia The onset of iron deficiency anemia is gradual and, at first, there may not be any symptoms. The deficiency begins when the body loses more iron than it derives from food and other sources. Because depleted iron stores cannot meet the red blood cell's needs, fewer red blood cells develop. In this early stage of anemia, the red blood cells look normal but they are reduced...
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...of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(7), pp. 189-201, 2013 Available online at http://www.ijsrpub.com/ijsrk ISSN: 2322-4541; ©2013 IJSRPUB http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsrk-2013-p189-201 Full Length Research Paper Factors Influencing Anemia and Night Blindness among Children Less than Five Years Old (0 - 4.11 Years) in Khartoum State, Sudan Samir Mohamed Ali Hassan Alredaisy1, Haram Omer El Hag Saeed2 1 Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, Khartoum Omdurman 406 Sudan 2 Rufaa Nutrition and Maternity Office, Ministry of Health, Gezira state, Sudan *Corresponding Author: samiralredaisy@yahoo.com Received 24 April 2013; Accepted 5 June 2013 Abstract. This study investigated factors influencing nutritional status of children less than five years old suffering anemia and night blindness in Khartoum State. Sample size was 138 children determined by 10% rate of prevalence of nutritional deficiency diseases among children living in Khartoum State. In addition, testing hemoglobin and anthropometric measurements were done. Results depicted that, illiteracy was prevailing, and household monthly income averaged 100 USD. Symptoms of anemia included loss of appetite (8777%), paleness (9375%), and eating clay (29%), while for night blindness they were xerophthalmia (20%); Pinot spots (52%); karatomalacia (12%), and Cornea ulceration (4%). Children suffering these two diseases had hemoglobin concentration below 60% standard, indicated to Iron deficiency anemia and cute malnutrition...
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.............ii Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………..…iii Table of Content ……………………………………………………………………….iv List of Figures ………………………………….………………………………............v List of Appendices ……………………………………………………………………..vi CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND IT’S SCOPE RATIONALE………………………………………………………………..2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ………………………………….. STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS …………………………………….. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY…………………………………. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION…………………………………… DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………….. THERITICAL FRAMEWORK……….…………………………10 – 14 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES………………………. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES…………………………….. METHODOLOGY …………………………………...……..19 Research Design ……………….…………………………………...…....19 Research Environment…………………………………...…...19 Research Respondent ……………………………………….......20 Research Instrument ………………………………………..…...20 Sampling Technique……………………...……20 Data Gathering Procedure ………………… Statistical Treatment of Data…………………..……….…….21 Definition of Terms ………………………….……..…....22 – 23 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY ………………… Questionnaire…………………………………………………......24 - 26 CHAPTER I The Problem And Its Scope Rationale The purpose of this study is to examine relationships between nutrition and how it affects student success in school. Nutrition from food is critical for both physical and mental function and growth. National guidelines exist which regulate what constitutes adequate nutrition to support the body, and...
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...APPROVED BY: DATE: Derek L. Anderson, Ed.D. August 2, 2010 Nutrition and Academic Performance 2 Table of contents Abstract ...…………………………………………………………………………………………3 Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…4 Statement of Problems…………………………………………………………………….8 Research Questions…………………………………………………………………….…9 Definition of Terms ……………………………….…………………………………….10 Chapter II: Review of the Literature Nutrition and Cognition ………………………..……………………………………….11 Food Insufficiency …………………………..………………………………………….24 School Food Programs ……………………………...…………………………………..35 Chapter III: Results and Analysis …………………………..…………………………………..51 Chapter IV: Recommendations and Conclusion ……………………...………………………..54 References...………………………………………………………………………………..…...59 Nutrition and Academic Performance 3 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to review existing literature about past research that highlighted studies concerning nutrition and its relationship to brain function, cognition, learning, and social behaviors. There is evidence that school breakfast and lunch programs are not up to par with current United States Department of Agriculture standards and that USDA standards may not be utilizing the latest research about nutrition. Studies have shown that proper nutrition has a direct effect on student performance and behavior in school. Much of the literature I reviewed confirmed that nutrition has a direct effect on neurotransmitters which are important in sending messages from the body...
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...poison. Vitamin literally means “life, containing nitrogen.” (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 321). The first vitamins contained nitrogen, however vitamins that do not contain nitrogen are just as important to life. Vitamins, as well as minerals, are very important to living beings because they are the substances which assist in the metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients or the development of bodily structures. In the absence of vitamins, there is a wide variety of symptoms that can occur. These things are including, but not limited to, blindness, dementia, and the improper development of bodily structures. The assistance that is provided by vitamins is of high importance, but that is not the only function of vitamins. Vitamins prevent deficiency symptoms, but if the proper dosage is taken they also help your body perform optimally. Your bodily system stays healthy as a result. (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 322) Vitamins are not like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. First of all, vitamins do not provide any energy to the body. (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 322) Vitamins are also individual units, not complex chains of molecules. Vitamins also vary from energy yielding nutrients in the way that they are measured. Vitamins are usually measured in micrograms (µg) or milligrams (mg), while energy yielding nutrients are usually measured in grams (g). There are two distinct similarities between the two. This is that both vitamins and energy-yielding nutrients are available from...
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...“…vegetarians are 24% less likely to die of coronary heart disease.” There is a long list of the benefits of a vegetarian diet. It is mainly because being on a vegetarian diet reduces a lot of cholesterol, and saturated fats, which, come from animal origin. It’s no secret that a low-fat diet that is high in fruits and veggies is beneficial and that a vegetarian diet can help get that. But is it really what’s best for children? After all, children need a well balanced meal with plenty of protein for proper growth. Can they get that on a vegetarian diet? What about vegetarianism during pregnancy and breast-feeding? There are many known benefits of the vegetarian lifestyle in adults, but most of these are unknown in children. This paper will begin to answer these questions. Children have nutritional needs greater than that of adults. A poor diet can have long-lasting effects that can last their entire lives. As TAB Sanders and Sheela Reddy say in Vegetarian Diets and Children, “Several hazards of a vegetarian diet...
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...of Form Blood disorders are physical conditions that prevent the normal function of blood in the body. A disorder may involve factors that interfere with the production of the individual components found in the blood, such as hemoglobin or blood proteins. The nature of a blood disorder may also include situations where the blood does not coagulate properly, or the blood cells themselves are malformed or infected. There is a wide range of blood diseases known today. Anemia is one of the more common examples of a blood disorder. Sometimes referred to as tired blood, a person who is anemic is likely to have a lack of proteins and other elements in the blood. As a result, the blood cannot carry the needed nutrients to various parts of the body and the individual is likely to feel fatigued more often. Over time, anemia can also have a negative impact on the emotions, as the blood is unable to supply proper nutrition to the brain for the production of chemicals that help to maintain an even mood. Sickle cell anemia is one of the more serious types of anemic blood disorder. In addition to fatigue, a person suffering with this disorder is also likely to experience a great deal of pain. The pain may be localized in one part of the body or migrate to different areas throughout the course of the day. Ad Hemophilia is another relatively common blood disorder. Hemophiliacs suffer with a condition in which the blood lacks the normal ability to coagulate. This means that a minor cut or...
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...The relation between geology and medicine is quite intriguing and can be dated back to the times of Hippocrates and Aristotle. For centuries man has looked up to Earth for the numerous answers he seeks concerning his own body, an amalgamation of elements once sheathed in Earth. To his surprise man has found that geology is both a poison and remedy to his health. In my paper I present the two sides of the geologic coin in the world of medicine. The rocks below our feet can be deemed culprit for a number of health related issues. How many times have we heard that, ‘We are what we eat’? The source of human nutrition is cultivated from the soil. Farmers throughout the globe consider the soil as the source of their family’s bread, however dissolved material, both beneficial and harmful, get incorporated into the ground. Bunnell’s article, ‘Medical Geology: a globally emerging discipline’, discusses the “Endemic diseases correlative with soil deficiencies in selenium, the juvenile cardiomyopathy “Keshan Disease”, and the iodine deficiency disorders including goiter and myxedematous cretinism.” (Bunnell) Another area of geology I would be focusing on is groundwater; groundwater as we know is the largest reserve of fresh water to humans. So how can water something essential to human life be harmful? The answer is contamination. Contaminants in water, even present in trace amounts, can be deemed culprit for delayed brain growth, cancer and many other problems. As stated in Robert...
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...key energy nutrients essential for health? Anything that supply calories, fat, protein and carbs. Which major classes of nutrients? Fats, vitamins, proteins, minerals and carbs. Components of a healthy diet. Adequate amount of fiber, energy and nutrients, with balanced choices. What may a healthy diet contain? Adequate energy intake, variety, moderate amount of treats, fiber, intake all nutrients near the recommended daily. Identify the Standard dietary reference intake for nutrients. Two parts What are different measures of DRI, memorize specific DRI, Calcium, Vitamin C All AMDR. Make sure to know the value through the lifecycles. Baby, Children, Adults What is the tolerable upper intake level? (Attached to the end of the paper) The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans. Ensures people do not take harmful amounts of supplements. Analyze how the dietary guidelines for Americans can be used to design a healthful diet. Identify how to choose healthy options base on the plate method. ½ fruits and vegetables and ½ fruits and proteins What is true of the choose my plate.gov recommendations as represented by their setting. Half plate should be fruits and vegetables Determine various sources of reliable and accurate nutrition. Explain how to assess the validity of...
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...------------------------------------------------- KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,KUMASI. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- SCHOOL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- BIRTHWEIGHT OF NEWBORNS IN RELATION TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE ATWIMA NWABIAGYA DISTRICT OF ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ------------------------------------------------- KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI IN ------------------------------------------------- PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ------------------------------------------------- PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH) DEGREE IN POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...E&Y Nutraceuticals Critical supplement for building a healthy India Contents Foreword................................................................................................... 04 Introduction............................................................................................. 06 Executive summary................................................................................ 07 An insight into the nutraceuticals market of India Section I: Nutritional status of the population of india....................................10 Section II: Nutraceuticals market: global and India.........................................24 Section III: Way forward............................................................................... 48 Annexure.................................................................................................. 66 Acknowledgements................................................................................ 76 Glossary....................................................................................................77 About FICCI..............................................................................................80 Foreword Ajit Singh Chairman- FICCI Task Force on Nutraceuticals Chairman- ACG Worldwide (formerly Associated Capsules Group) President- Health Foods and Dietary Supplements Association (HADSA) Dear reader, Nutraceuticals as they are called in industry parlance cover a basket of products from...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, the sole species in the genus Carica of the plant family Caricaceae. It is native to the tropics of the Americas, perhaps from southern Mexico and neighbouring Central America. It was first cultivated in Mexico several centuries before the emergence of the Mesoamerican classical civilizations. Papaya leaves contains coumarin, papain and iron which are the three main essentials that increase blood platelets. Dengue viruses, mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae family, are the causative agents of dengue fever. Dengue is the most important emerging viral disease of humans that in recent decades has become a major international public health concern. There is a widespread of dengue cases in every corner of our country. Many people can’t afford to go to hospitals just to get medical assistance especially indigent families. Therefore because of the expensive disbursement in prestigious hospitals such as medicines needed to cure dengue, affected people die without being aided. Most people know about papayas but not many know about the amazing health benefits of Papaya Leaves. Papaya Leaves contain powerful healing compounds that are very important for great health and vitality... and for curing cancer and dengue fever. With the rising number of people catching dengue fever, the demand for papaya leaf juice has soared. The extract of raw papaya leaf...
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...Acknowledgement We would never have been able to finish our dissertation without the guidance of our neighbors, help from friends, and support from my family. We would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Mrs. Modie Flores, for her excellent guidance, caring, patience, and providing us with an excellent atmosphere for doing research. We would like to thank our Parents, who let us experience the research of Malunggay Cupcake in the field and practical issues beyond the textbooks, internet, patiently corrected our writing and financially supported our research. We would also like to thank Menchie Hermones, and Ludy Balagosa, for guiding our research for the past several weeks and helping us to develop our background in biochemistry. We would like to thank our Classmates, who as a good friend, was always willing to help and give their best suggestions. It would have been a lonely lab without them. We would also like to thank our parents, two elder sisters, and elder brother. They were always supporting us and encouraging us with their best wishes. We give thanks to God almighty for giving us the understanding, knowledge and wisdom during the course of our study. Finally, we would like to thank our classmate Auntie, Sally Barral. She was always there cheering us up and stood by us through the good times and bad. Dedication ...
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...Preventive care system: the specific areas of intervention are immunization, quarantine measures, safe water supply, food hygiene, public cleanliness, environmental hygiene and infestation control. * Primary health care: through which medical services are provided to the general population and to vulnerable groups (pregnant and lactating mothers and children under five years of age). * Curative care services: where sick people find medical treatment. Nutrition strategies Before 1992, ad hoc programmes addressed the problem of malnutrition. Following the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN), held in Rome in December 1992 and sponsored by FAO and WHO, nutrition programmes in Egypt have been enhanced. Egypt presented a country paper at the conference and took part in post-ICN condensed nutrition activities. A ministerial decree of 1994 formulated a high-level inter-ministerial committee representing the ministries of agriculture, health, planning, information, supply, education and academia. The outcome was the development of the Egyptian National Strategy for Nutrition, which has nine main policy areas. Each policy area includes a problem statement, a goal, measurable objectives, actions, authorities responsible for undertaking the different activities, resources, legislation (if required), and monitoring and evaluation indicators. The main policy areas are: * incorporating nutrition objectives, considerations and components into development policies and programmes;...
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