...Cyber security is a critical and growing issue in the world today. President Obama said this issue is, "one of the most serious economic and national security threats our nation faces" (Cybersecurity). The United States is one of the most computer dependent societies and has the most computer dependent military and intelligence agencies. With more and, more of our country being ran by technology we are at a bigger risk of attack. A cyber attack could be the most devastating attack our country has ever faced. An attack on America’s cyber infrastructure could cripple the country and put us at an even greater risk of a normal attack. FBI Director said “Counterterrorism — stopping terrorist attacks — with the FBI is the present number one priority. But down the road, the cyber threat, which cuts across all FBI programs, will be the number one threat to the country” (Paganini). The message is clear the cyber security threat we are facing today is a dangerous and growing threat that has serious offensive potential and is often difficult to detect or prevent. An attack on a nation’s critical infrastructure can be devastating and when you add the fact that cyber attacks often do not make themselves know until it is to late could make for a devastating first strike prior to an invasion. Cyber security is defined as measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorized access or attack. The term “cyber security threat” means...
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...Introduction Crime is a popular issue that we always heard in this globalization era. It refers to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. It can contribute to negative impact in term of social and economic development. Nowadays, there are a lot of crimes which increase around the world; United Arab Emirates is one of the countries at risk of these issues. One of these types is the cybercrime as; people want to keep up with technology and modern life. This matter in increase day by day as every day we hear from the news, newspaper and social media, there's a huge number of people who are victims cybercrime. Brenner (2010) in Cybercrime: Criminal Threats from Cyberspace book state, this type of crimes found in 21-century after the development and globalization because people used technology, but they don't have enough information and not aware about this issue. In addition, Cybercrime is the type of criminal crime which is punishable by law and it means that Using technology resources. Such as, the internet for committing serious crimes such as, deception, fraud, theft, copyright violations and extortion through online stalking, harassment, defamation, and invasion of privacy. Moreover, The cybercrime divided into three divisions, the first division is crimes...
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...Cyber Crimes Cyber crimes are on some of the hardest crimes for the police to stop and catch the perpetrators because they can commit a crime in one state or country and physically be in another state or country. While the invention of the Internet has had great affects on the growth of technology, it has also given criminals an extremely large place to hide in and the laws are still trying to catch up with the growth of technology. The different technology crimes that occur fall into one of the three following categories: cyber piracy, cyber trespass, and cyber vandalism, and like the original crimes of piracy, trespass, and vandalism these crimes are similar except they happen in digital form. Three Categories of Cybercrime There are three categories of cybercrimes that can cause a lot of trouble for any individual or organization who becomes a victim of these crimes. Cyber piracy, trespass, and vandalism in some ways are similar because they all involve taking advantage of individual people or organizations by stealing personal information through digital techniques. 1. Cyber piracy Cyber piracy has two definitions; the first definition is when a person uses cyber technology unlawfully to produce copies of proprietary information. While the second definition is when a person uses cyber technology to distribute proprietary information, while it is in digital form, across networks. 2. Cyber trespass Cyber trespass has two definitions as well. The first definition...
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...Title Content page no Introduction…………………………………………………….……………………………….1 What is cybercrime? ..........................................................................................................1 Types of cybercrime……………………………………………………………………………..2 Reasons of cybercrime……………………………………………………………..……………2-3 Offences of cybercrime under ICT Act-2006……………………………………………………3 Penalties of cybercrime under ICT Act-2006 ……………………………………………………4 Cyber Tribunal …………………………………………………………………………………...5 Cyber appellate Tribunal ………………………………………………………………………….5 Recent condition of cyber law in Bangladesh……………………………………………………..6 Recommendations……………………..………………………………………………………….6 Conclusion ………………………..………………………………………………………………7 Bibliography …………….………………………………………………………………………..8 Introduction Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The phrase ICT had been used by academic researchers since the 1980s, but it became popular after it was used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997 and in the revised National Curriculum...
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...The fast growth of technology is creating more and more threats to our society in a number of ways. It is threatening individuals by letting cybercriminals gain access to sensitive information that can cause harm to innocent people. It is also creating threats to our younger generations that are unable to cope with the high emotions of social media sites. Individuals are being lured by fake profiles or fake people who would do harm to them. Computer crimes are on the rise. Law enforcements and agencies are doing everything they can to prevent the spread of these crimes. They have created special task divisions to protect our society better. New laws have been put to place to protect U.S citizens better. The four categories of crime: the computer as a target, the computer as an instrument, the computer as incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with prevalence of computer show that everyone can fall victim to some cybercrime. The computer as a target The computer as a target in cybercrime is what today’s society fears. Examples that are considered the computer being a target are denial of service attack, data alteration, and intrusion. Denial of service is when cyber criminals deny users to access to a machine or network. An example of this is when Yahoo was hacked into, and users could not open the website for a couple of hours until Yahoo had fixed the issue. Yahoo’s denial of service attack is a great example because it showed society that even big names...
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...personal computers, we must be aware of the global threats that await the consumer and business it we are not prepared and educated. One of the fastest crime in the United States and all over the world is cybercrime. What is exactly cybercrime? According to the book Scene of the Cybercrime author Michael Cross defines it as a broad and generic term that refers to crimes committed using computers and the Internet, and can generally be defined as a subcategory of computer crime. It can be also said that cybercrime can lead to criminal offenses committed using the internet or another computer network as a tool of the crime (Cross, 2008). According to the Computer Security Institute's Computer Crime and Security Survey for 2007, 494 computer security professionals in the United States corporations, government agencies, universities, and financial medical institutions reported that computer fraud was the greatest source of financial losses, with losses resulting from virus attacks falling into second place for the first time in seven years. In addition to this, 29 percent of the organizations suffered a computer intrusion that they reported to law enforcement (www.gocsi.com). According to the Cyber snitch Voluntary Online Crime Reporting System, the most reported Internet related crime is child pornography, with other crimes ranging from desktop forgery to such potentially violent crimes as electronic stalking and terrorist threats. (Cybersnitch Web Site). (Mitnick & Simon, 2002)...
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...Organized Crime and Cyber-Crime: Implications for Business Phil Williams, CERT® Coordination Center Introduction The capabilities and opportunities provided by the Internet have transformed many legitimate business activities, augmenting the speed, ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs. Criminals have also discovered that the Internet can provide new opportunities and multiplier benefits for illicit business. The dark side of the Internet involves not only fraud and theft, pervasive pornography and pedophile rings, but also drug trafficking and criminal organizations that are more concerned about exploitation than the kind of disruption that is the focus of the intruder community. In the virtual world, as in the real world, most criminal activities are initiated by individuals or small groups and can best be understood as “disorganized crime.” Yet there is growing evidence that organized crime groups or mafias are exploiting the new opportunities offered by the Internet. Organized crime and cyber-crime will never be synonymous – most organized crime will continue to operate in the real world rather than the cyber-world and most cyber-crime will continue to be the result of individuals rather than criminal organizations per se. Nevertheless, the degree of overlap between the two phenomena is likely to increase considerably in the next few years. This is something that needs to be recognized by business...
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...The effect of cyber-crime and one way to fight back Travis Major Lynn University Jeanette Francis 08 June 2013 The cost of cybercrime to businesses For three years now cybercrime has continued to grow. During this time cyber-attacks have more than doubled, while hitting the financial side with an estimated 40 percent increase. The cost of cybercrime study in 2012, conducted by Ponemon Institute, found that cybercrime costs to a random sample of organizations averaged 8.9 million dollars. This spike is estimated to have increased the cost of cybercrime by 6 percent from 2011 and 38 percent from 2010. Also during this study it was discovered that there had been a huge increase of cyber-attacks, approximately 48 percent, with around 102 of them being successful per week. The number of successful attacks per week in 2010 was only around 50. More than 78 percent of the annual cybercrime can be labeled as denial of service, malicious code, malevolent insiders, and stolen or hijacked devices. Businesses have no choice but to spend an increasing amount of money, time, and energy in order to protect themselves against these cyber-attacks that seem to be reaching unsustainable levels. Even though some companies are finding ways to lower the cost of security measures, the cost of time and energy spent cannot be eased. No matter what the solution is, it will always take time to incorporate any security and energy to maintain those securities. Additional key findings include: ...
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...Cyber threats Randi Titzer BCC/403 April 10, 2016 Bobby “Robin” Kemp Cyber Threats A cyber threat is a possibility that a malicious attempt has been made to damage or disrupt a computer network or system. Cyber threats happen all over the world to all people. It doesn’t matter your race, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. Cyber threats can be in various forms, such as what we will be discussing later on in the readings. We will discuss hacking of financial institutions, security issues, downloads/applications, etc. Each of these have serious consequences and can cause harm to the businesses and members of these businesses and/or owners of these accounts. Identify cyber-related threats that emerged from existing global technology There are several types of cyber threats that have emerged from existing global technology. Some of these threats that I will discuss have not only had past effects on society as a whole, but they will also have some severe future effects on society too. The first threat that we are going to discuss is the security issues occurring with mobile devices, computers, etc. One example of this is the issue with the FBI and Apple. The FBI couldn’t get into an Apple iPhone of a supposed terrorist because the phone was encrypted. Apple would not help the FBI gain access to the iPhone and this is...
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...Assignment 1: Contrast and compare the cyber hacking laws between the United States, Russian Federation, and the Peoples Republic of China Though, the fact that cyber security hacking is a widely used term, the law, punishment, rules and law are not fully developed yet. First, the cyber hacking laws in three countries are going to be reviewed. The cyber hacking laws of US is also known as “Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) ” was released by the congress in 1986. In the documentation, it provides the laws to protect personal intellectual property on computer. Basically, it says that people should get punishment by accessing an authorized computer. Here, accessing means stealing code, command, and documents; damaging information from a...
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...CYBER TERRORISM Table Of Contents Section Page Abstract----------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction-----------------------------------------------------4 Premise----------------------------------------------------------5 Research Methodology----------------------------------------5 Research Results-----------------------------------------------6 Critical Analysis------------------------------------------------9 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------30 Appendix---------------------------------------------------------31 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------56 Abstract FBI cyber security division computers are hacked into at the same time that known hackers capable of performing this have their computers hacked into and are blown up when they hit certain keys on their computer keyboards. Traffic lights and the transportation systems are then hacked into and total gridlock and chaos ensure. Wall Street is then affected and cyber money is thought to be dwindling away. This is known as a Fire Sale which has 3 steps. In the first step transportation is shut down then finance and finally, in the third step, utilities are affected. As expected, the media broadcast the government’s next move to everyone including the terrorists. As it turns out, the leader of the terrorists is a former DOD software programmer that had warned...
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............................................................................................. 2 3.1. Cyber Crime ................................................................................................................................. 2 3.2. Cyber security ............................................................................................................................... 3 4. Key Findings / Discussion of your research topic ............................................................................ 3 4.1. The major risks of cyber security ................................................................................................. 3 4.1.1. To consumers ........................................................................................................................ 3 4.1.2. To businesses........................................................................................................................ 4 4.1.3. IT organisations ..................................................................................................................... 4 4.1.4. Telecommunication companies ............................................................................................. 5 4.1.5. Government ........................................................................................................................... 5 4.2. The origin of cyber security ............................................................................................
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Cyber Crime The internet in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, and software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. “The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb”. The term ‘cyber crime’ has been evolved from two words ‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. ‘Crime’ is more or less known to each individual on his own stand point, while ‘cyber’ is almost vague in meaning to the same. So if any time anybody uses the prefix ‘cyber’, we simply mean, he is talking about something is doing online or there has certain networking system. Actually anything related to Internet falls under the cyber category. Computer crime or cyber crime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly...
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...Cyber Terrorism Mahesh kanneboina Wilmington University Abstract The Internet is the global connection of interconnected computer networks where information can be shared among users around the world. But these days the Internet is not secure as the fundamental mechanics of the Internet are well known to many people and leading to long-standing security issues caused by the bad people who could build a “cyber nuke” to take down the network. This paper discusses about the cyber terrorism where a hacker or terrorist attacks the confidential websites of the nation and gets the important information for their activities. This cyber terrorism came into light after the 9/11 attack on WTC and from then the media focused its attention on Cyber security that has reflected public policy concerns worldwide about this topic. Security of Internet and BGP The Internet is where every network is able to reach every other network. According to industry analysts, there are 794 million people online world-wide and it is expected to be more in the coming years. This represents a lot of data interchange. But many small businesses, and even large organizations, do not know how to protect their sensitive data, thus making it easy for criminals. Online Security is a growing concern for governments around the world. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol which makes core routing decisions on the Internet, but unfortunately, BGP is not secure because some network administrator...
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...Rising Cyber Terrorism and Role of Law in India Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to realize how cyber-crime and the measures to contain it are implemented in India. With the rise of global terrorism, terrorists are more inclined to use the vast internet for their nefarious activities. Something that they can accomplish without them physically being present and having the assurance of not being caught has promoted this form of terrorism all the more. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand cyber-terrorism, its various facets and also the laws and legislations in our country that inhibit such acts of terror. Introduction: The separation between the real world and virtual world is vanishing. The dependence of life on computers has increased high level. This dependency is used by the terrorists to their advantage by the use of internet. There are several types of cyber-crimes, such as Cyber Theft, Cyber Trespass, Cyber Stalking, Cyber Pornography, Cyber laundering, Cyber Theft, Cyber Vandalism and Cyber Terrorism, but the most threatening and dangerous are ones the that come under the category of the term cyber terrorism. Techno legal experts of India have been warning against growing incidences of cyber-attacks, cyber-crimes, cyber espionages, etc....
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