...Euthanasia in the Eyes of Ethics The act of euthanasia continues to be a moral dilemma within society that either violates, or advocates different philosophical principles of ethics in one way or another. The controversy of euthanasia mainly resides within the healthcare industry where all employees are guided and bounded by medical ethical codes. These codes encourage that every healthcare worker should base their decisions upon responsibility, honesty, safety as well as respect for human beings; therefore, any medical worker who aids in the process of euthanasia helps in destroying the life of a human being whom they are upheld to protect under all circumstances by the principles of medical ethics (AMA, pg. 1). Of the many moral philosophies and theories, the deontological perspective focuses on the wrongness of the act of euthanasia itself; it suggests that each medical worker should be focused on doing what is right -- not killing -- rather than worrying about the consequences that may follow. By participating in euthanasia, a medical employee violates the first principle of medical ethic which is to provide competent medical care to the patient and simultaneously provide this medical care with kindness and respect to human dignity and rights. Thus, assisting in the process, the worker will not be following the deontological principle where doing the right thing matters most (Childress, pg. 65). Not only does the deontological principle call for the rightness of matters,...
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...Euthanasia Euthanasia The act of putting death painlessly or allowing to die by withholding extreme medical measures, a person or animal suffering form an unbearable suffering disease or condition. Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide, doctor-assisted and more loosely termed mercy killing, basically means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable suffering. Some interpret euthanasia as the practice of ending a life in a painless manner. Many disagree with this interpretation. There are two types of euthanasia passive and euthanasia. Passive euthanasia is when life-sustaining treatments are withheld. The definition of passive euthanasia is often not clear cut. For example, if a doctor prescribes increasing doses of strong painkilling medications which may eventually be toxic for the patient, some may argue whether passive euthanasia is taking place - in most cases, the doctor's measure is seen as a passive one. Many claim that the term is wrong, because euthanasia has not taken place, and there is no intention to take life. Active euthanasia is lethal substances or forces that are used to end the patient's life. Active euthanasia includes life-ending actions conducted by the patient or somebody else. Passive is "letting a person die", and active is giving them a lethal injection. Personally I think that sometimes passive euthanasia is worse than active. For example the doctor may...
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...saying that euthanasia is not morally justifiable, and some people feel that it goes against one's human rights, people feel that it is not ethical. There are many aspects that are included in the interest that people have in this specific topic (Brock, 2012). Some feel that Active Euthanasia is wrong because one is physically committing murder, ending a individual's life, and feel that it is wrong because it is considered a crime in Canada (Jecker, Jenson,2007). Many individuals are against euthanasia in Canada, however some argue that Passive is not wrong and Active euthanasia is, however in this paper I will be arguing that the two types of euthanasia are morally justifiable (Jecker, Jenson, 2007). I argue that Active,...
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...The first consideration in writing a speech is the foundation. This begins with selecting a topic that is of interest. Euthanasia is either right or wrong, and this will limit the options when trying to persuade and audience. During the construction of the foundation it is important to analyze the audience. Different things to consider are age, race, ethnic and religious backgrounds, and social backgrounds. It is also pertinent to consider where the audience is in regards to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and to build on where the audience lies. The final part of the foundation is to have a purpose which defines the shape of the speech. For this speech, the purpose is to make a claim of value and persuade that euthanasia is wrong. The next phase of building the speech consists of composing a thesis statement, developing main points, and gathering supporting material from credible sources. The last phase of developing the speech consists of separating the speech into major parts, outlining the speech, and developing presentation aids if needed. The major parts consist of an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should contain an attention getter, significance and credibility statement, a thesis statement, and a preview of the main points. The body of the speech should be between 2 to 4 main points and three is ideal. The conclusion should review the main points, restate the thesis in a new and fresh way, give an application or significance point, and...
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...Should euthanasia be an option for people in need? Known as the practice of assisted suicide by intentionally ending a life, euthanasia is a controversial and disputed subject, meaning easy or good death. Euthanasia’s medical definition is defined as the act or practice of killing terribly sick or injured people in a painless way or allowing them to take less than the medically approved procedures necessary to lengthen their life, for reasons of mercy. (Death Talk, pg. 101-102) Considered by many to be a form of murder being morally and ethically wrong by devaluing one’s life, euthanasia can serve a purpose. When there are no other alternatives to relieve suffering patients, they should then be allowed to have opportunity to choose euthanasia as an option. There are different variations of euthanasia known as passive, active, physician assisted and non-voluntary. Passive euthanasia is withdrawing life-sustaining treatments or withholding them with the slow intention of causing the patient’s death. In other words, a doctor can disconnect feeding tubes; turn off life support machines, not performing life-prolonging procedures, or not giving drugs to the patient. (Euthanasia: A Reference Handbook, pg. 2) Active euthanasia is the act of taking particular measures to cause the patient’s death, achieved by the request of the patient. Often times when it comes to active euthanasia, it is done by request. (Euthanasia: A reference Handbook, pg. 2) The difference between passive and...
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...use with in the utilitarianism of the act of doing euthanasia, it is first necessary to define what euthanasia and utilitarianism are with the different types of euthanasia. The term euthanasia originated from the Greek term “eu” meaning happy as “thanatos” means death, so in literal word the term euthanasia mean happy death “easy death.” The term utilitarianism meaning in benefit for the greater good “majority.” The different types of euthanasia are passive or active and voluntary or involuntary. The term passive euthanasia usually means the taking of persons life from removing from a life sustaining machine such as a, repertory machine. This method of euthanasia is accepted by the American medical association and is less controversial then active euthanasia. While the term active euthanasia refers to the incompetent act of a doctor administrating such lethal injection such as a muscle relaxant or pain killer thus ending the patient’s life. The terms voluntarily or involuntarily refers to whether or not he patient refers for euthanasia or is unable to request such euthanasia and such act is still...
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... Arguments Physician Assisted suicide or euthanasia, is also distinguished as mercy killing. Euthanasia is the act to place a person to death devoid of pain or permitting a person to die, as by persistence of severe medical measures, a person distressed from a, precise terminal painful, disease or circumstance (Beauchamp, 1999). Physician Assisted suicide is the exercise of killing or taking somebody’s life. A lot of doctors and people feel that in these distinct conditions it is the finest thing to do, consecutively to sustain a person from hurt and suffering. The actuality that euthanasia or physician assisted suicide is the ending life of a person brings with reference to the issue should it be legal or illegal (McDougall, 2000)? People's sovereignty or self-determination is a significant perception in the debate on make lawful euthanasia. Proponents dispute that the prohibition on euthanasia inflicts too great a restriction on the person's capacity for directing the end of her or his life and what nature death will take. On the other hand, Opponents, dispute that self-determination would be fake autonomy with value to euthanasia, or that self-determination concerning euthanasia must not weigh additional profoundly than the law of not killing. Euthanasia is identified as the practice of intentionally ending a life which liberates an individual from a terminal disease or unbearable suffering. Should Euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide be made legal? Arguments...
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...quality of life, and responsibility we have for what we consent to happen, and what we cause directly rather than the deontological idea of moral status (Adams and Nys, 2003). The medical resources are accessible and it is possible keeping any personality from biological death for some time. Because of this, we have to decide resolutely when it is permissible to end life. Is there a way of limiting such decisions? If it is permissible to remove or withdraw medication, with the unswervingly foreseeable result that the patient in question will die? In essence, is there an ethically relevant disparity between intentionally withdrawing medication, with the predictable and intended results of the patient’s death with an equal consequence? My first argument has a basis on the deontological perspective. Deontological arguments base on the assumptions of absolute morality and used against the act of euthanasia in health care. These hypotheses forbid actions emphasizing on their physical effects. From a deontological opinion, it is the intention of an act, for instance, respect for rights, principles or obligations instead of rightness or wrongness of consequences that establish morality. This means that in any phenomenon when faced with a tough decision regarding whether to aid someone to die, the actions should be moved by love. This implies that ignoring any hard and fast rule and acting according to...
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...evidence, we can conclude that Thomas More was good and if not, we can conclude he was not. The same holds for any moral issue for example if one wants to know if euthanasia is right or wrong. They simply look at the evidence so they can test the accuracy of the statement, and from this they could argue that euthanasia ends suffering for an individual, therefore euthanasia is right. Ethical naturalist is an objective and cognitive theory, which means that they claim that there are moral facts and that they can be known, perhaps through reason, or through revelation and that they are true for everyone, for all time. Therefore ethical naturalists see ethical language as meaningful because they argue that ethical language has an underlined content of purpose. For example a knife is good if it cuts sharply. Therefore ethical language is showing what terms such as ‘good’ mean through the content of purpose within an ethical statement and is therefore meaningful in making us understand ethical terms such as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. However, ethical Naturalists disregard the complexity of ethical language. This critique is put forward by G.E. Moore, an intuitionist. G.E. Moore, whose work is influenced by David Hume, is an intuitionist, he wrote the book Principia Ethica; his theory is cognitive and objective. He argues that it is wrong to derive...
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...Ethical Theories Applied to Euthanasia It is a patient’s right to make the decision to end their life when they are facing a terminal illness, especially after all attempts to provide pain management have failed. However, these patients are left with few options due to the legal, moral, or religious complications of voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (PAS). But, if terminally ill patients had these options available, they would be given the respect to die with the dignity they are entitled to at the end of their life. By applying the utilitarian theory to this question, we would first have to ask, are we providing the greatest amount of happiness or more pain? From a utilitarian point of view, if allowing someone to die with dignity will promote more happiness for them, and those who will be affected by this act, then it is morally ethical. By applying virtue ethics, we would have to ask, whether it is more charitable to continue with pain management until their death, or to relieve their unnecessary pain and suffering by voluntary euthanasia or PAS. Regardless of the moral theories applied, legalizing voluntary euthanasia or PAS, will grant more options, to include reducing the amount of suffering experienced, eliminate the patient’s use of other means to end his or her life, and allow for families to prepare for their loved one’s passing, all of which keeps the patient’s dignity intact. Utilitarianism looks at the best action producing the best consequences...
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...Euthanasia is the ending of a ill person's life in order to alleviate them of their pain and suffering. A person who goes through euthanasia normally has an incurable condition, but there are other situations where some people desire their life to be terminated. In many cases, it is carried out at the person's desire but there are instances when they may be too sick and the arrangement is made by relatives, medics or, in some circumstances, the courts. Euthanasia brings up a number of difficult moral dilemmas: Is it ever right to terminate the life of a terminally ill patient/person who is enduring severe pain and suffering? Under what instances can euthanasia be acceptable, if at all? Is there a moral discrepancy between killing someone...
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...Voluntary /Physician-Assisted-Suicide (Euthanasia) has been one of the most debated and controversial issues in the healthcare system for decades now. Its practice was not widely supported by healthcare providers because of the need to retain trust in society and their patients at large. It was banned as a practice two thousand years ago, as it was viewed as a murder. Nevertheless, some modern societies no longer see it as a crime, but rather as an individual choice regarding how to end one’s life. Although, euthanasia remains banned in many countries worldwide. The act of euthanasia has adverse ethical implications in nursing, as nurses are prohibited from participating in assisted suicide because it violates the code of ethics for nursing practice (ANA, 2001) which states that a nurse’s ethical goal and obligation is to provide humane and compassionate care to patients and respect their rights. This includes the provision of support to patients and families, ensuring that all options are exhausted to alleviate the pain and suffering associated with death. (ANA, 2010a)....
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...primary debates in ethics is not whether a certain action is right or wrong, as most can agree that acts such as murder are not ethically right, but in what specific situations that these actions become permissible. There are certain absolutist views that determine an action is right or wrong, despite any extraneous circumstances; however, many moral reasoning ethics fall into a grey area where certain acts that would normally be considered wrong are justified in certain conditions. The natural law theory, along with its doctrine of double effect, and Aristotle’s virtue ethics both fall into the aforementioned category of moral ethics. Natural law theory originated from the religious view that a human’s ability to reason sets them apart as higher beings, and with such reasoning we have the responsibility to follow the righteous path set forth for our lives, “to do good and avoid evil”.1 In this manner, a certain act cannot be justified or viewed as “good” because it leads to the satisfaction of desire, setting natural law theory far apart from utilitarianism ethics. The principals laid out by the natural law theory gave birth to the doctrine of double effect, which is the belief that many acts may have both a good and a bad effect. The Catholic Church defends that some acts that would normally be considered immoral may be justified under three distinct conditions: the act itself is not intrinsically wrong, the good effect is the desired result of the action, and the possibility...
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...Euthanasia Originally, the term "physician assisted suicide" meant the provision by a physician of the means of which a suffering, terminally ill patient could initiate his or her death. The "euthanasia" means the killing of a terminally ill person to end his or her suffering. Now, by practice, the term "physician assisted suicide" has been expanded in meaning to include the administration of a lethal substance by a physician to a suffering patient-a form of euthanasia. Thus, physician assisted suicide can now be defined as any action taken by a physician to provide death to a patient. Many people argue that the decision to kill oneself is a private choice which society has no right to be concerned about. This position assumes that suicide results from competent people making autonomous, rational decision to die, and then claims that society has no business "interfering" with a freely chosen life or death decision that harms no one other the suicidal individual. However, according to experts, who have studied several cases on suicide, the basic assumption is wrong. It is very unlikely that someone with serious disability commits suicide. Rather, as society view seriously disabled and terminally ill individuals as burdens with unacceptable quality of life, these persons may feel an obligation to commit suicide. A careful 1974 British study, which involved extensive interviews and examination of medical records, found that 93% of those studied who committed suicide...
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...from here incurable pancreatic cancer. No amount of pain medication is available to treat her pain and allow her to maintain consciousness. She knows her time is limited and she does not feel she should have to wait out the inevitable in such a terrible state. At the same time the family pet Bassett hound is found to have a mass in her intestines. She cannot eat and barely moves as she is in so much pain. The veterinarian has given the option of putting her to sleep or euthanizing her to put her out of her misery as she is suffering so. This sits well with most people. Aunt Bessie requesting euthanization though is out of the question. Why is the question that this paper will attempt to answer and why this is wrong will also be addressed? Euthanasia Defined Euthanasia can bring about different feelings to people depending on the context in which it is used. Mention that good old dog and it is good as they no longer suffering. Change the identity to a person and it is not so easily swallowed. No matter how it is...
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