...People tend to criticize USA for always defending itself, As I was reading an article in Yahoo.news.com. International society (vs. int'l system): both are side by side however, states can be members of the international system but not the same international society. In an international society, Hedley Bull stated that states share a certain common interest that can lead to a common set of rules. For Bull any type of society needs to have rules about restraints on the use of force, about the sanctity of agreements, and about property rights. Without elements of these three there would be no society. International society involves mutual obligations between states and the international system considers contact and interactions between states. States can be part of the same international system but not part of international society o Example: Persians and the Greeks o Example: Ottoman Empire and Turkey Domestic pre-conditions for society exist and cooperate is: 1. Placing constraints on violence 2. Respect for property 3. Ensuring agreements International Pre-conditions for International society to exist and cooperate is: 1. Placing limitations and rules on the use of force a state can use 2. Respect of borders and territories 3. Agreements being becomes translated into Treaties Institutions of International Society: 1) balance of power: its IR’s main concern. The English school says that we should think of if as state of affairs...
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...Prof. Weeramantry contends that the present hostilities are illegal under international law. It is curious that the one issue which never fails to be brought up in discussions about the US decision to attack Iraq is the question of legality and “international law”. Those who raise it contend that under “international law” the US did not have the “right” to attack Iraq because it had not satisfied the requirements of the law for doing so. The implication is that any discussions of potential danger Iraq represents to us are moot because it is illegal for us to do anything about it anyway. The fact that Iraq's military and security services have been used to ethnically cleanse whole areas of Iraq does not seem to matter either. When ethnic cleansing was at its height in Bosnia the same critics pointed out that the United States is signatory to a variety of conventions relating to human rights, national sovereignty, and cases of genocide that required it to intervene in force as a matter of “international law”. Many who favored an attack tend to ignore the whole issue of international law, or directly claim that there isn't any such thing. I like many others do not believe in it, nor do I believe in an International Criminal Court. What is law? It is the rules that a society sets and enforces on its members. What is its purpose? What should it accomplish? Ah! Therein lies the proverbial rub. There has been no consensus in history on that. Different societies in different...
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...The first baptism of the law of nations to the Japanese officials was given by the first US Consul-General in Japan, Harris. When negotiating the Treaty of Amity and Commerce of Shogunate, he invoked the law of nations a lot. the law of nations was no only unfamiliar to them but also they were alarmed by the warning that its precept was the essential prerequisite for Japan to join the community of civilized nations. Hence, the study and understanding of the law of nations became urgently essential to them. Barely by the end of 1850s, through a series of treaties of commerce and with some of the treaty powers, was the opening of japan complete. The Bakufu officials of necessity came to acquire some fragmentary knowledge of international law through this process of negotiations. Particularly it was in this process of learning and understanding the essence of the law of nations that the Japanese scholars paid attention to the nature and philosophical basis of this precept. The teaching of international law introduced to Japan at that time was under what can be described as dominant influence of the naturalist doctrine of the Grotian tradition. Under this situation, these scholars tried to comprehend the law of nations as taught to them by comparing ot to what they had previously known in their learning, since they had been brought up in the neo-Confucian tradition. In particular, they tried to assimilate the basic rules of conduct for states since they were expected to observed...
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...What types of crimes should be eligible for the death penalty? Have you ever made a mistake? Have you ever afraid to go to the police? There is no one make a mistake in the world. However every country has law so don’t afraid to go to the police when you make a mistake. Law designed for protect you from bad things. Every country has law related with their culture lifestyle and development. There are in the world around six billion people. Everyone is different from each other. Some of them has good attitude but some of them has bad attitude. In my case those who has a bad attitude depends on their environment and bibulosity etc., maybe some people bored because of their happy life. So they made a crime. Have you ever heard about “Death Penalty”? If so then what do you think about it? Capital punishment, the death penalty, death sentence, or execution is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. At this time, there are many countries use the Death penalty for example Belarus, China (PRC), Cuba, Egypt, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, (ROC) ,Tonga, United States and Vietnam. There are many methods in capital punishment Decapitation, Electrocution ,Gas chamber, Hanging, Lethal injection, Shooting (firing squad), Stoning and Nitrogen asphyxiation (proposed)...
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...Customary international Law, according to Article 38(1)(b) of the International Court of Justice Statute is defined as “evidence of general practice accepted as law”. A more implicit definition says, “Customary international law develops from the practice of States. To international lawyers, the practice of states' means official governmental conduct reflected in a variety of acts, including official statements at international conferences and in diplomatic exchanges, formal instructions to diplomatic agents, national court decisions, legislative measures or other actions taken by governments to deal with matters of international concern. (Public International Law In a Nutshell: 22-23). In examining customary international law in light of these definitions, this essay will seek not only to answer the questions of whether its method of creation is uncertain, its method of development, mysterious and its application arbitrary. Customary international law is created when a norm or principle embraces a particular set of characteristics. There has been great debate among legal academics as to the uncertainty of this method of creation. However, the implicit characterization of what is considered to be customary international law suggests that there is some measure of certainty pertaining the method of creation. According to Berkeley Law, for a principle or rule to be characterized as customary international law it must comprise of three undeniable characteristics, which include state...
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...countries, soccer is played on regional and ton levels as well, it is also played for recreational purposes and many people play it to fulfil their passion for the game. Soccer is not really an old game. Instead,...
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...International Law and Global Market Name Bus 311 Business Law Instructor Date In this research paper, I will talk about International Laws and the Global Market. We will define International laws and its power. Questions like why are there international laws also will be answer. Who creates International laws and who enforces them? Are they really necessary? All this questions will be answer and explained. We will also talk about the Global Market. The effects that international laws have on the Global market will also be discussed. What constitute the Global Market? Who controls it and how do we keep it from collapsing? America as a country plays a big part on the Global Market; we will discuss the effect of our economy in it. Sources of International Laws * What is International Law? We all know that the law exist and can be applied to everyone. If a person enters into a legal agreement and that agreement is broken then the party that is breaking the agreement can be sued. There are penalties or punishment for anyone who breaks the laws that our judicial system has established. It can definitely be easier to deal with problems and laws when they are in our own country. It is a reality that our country deals with other countries when it comes to buying products. It is also a reality that we can’t just disregard other countries laws. When it comes to dealing with two countries involve, we need international laws. International laws are the laws that we...
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...abolish this persistent problem of child labor. Child labor can be regulated through domestic and international legislation and laws. Child labor regulations and laws through the globe, are not properly enforced or often incorporate exceptions that permits child labor to exist in particular zones and subdivision , such as agriculture or domestic work. Despite strong child labor laws that exist in particular countries, labor departments and labor investigation divisions are often under-financed and short-staffed. in some cases courts are unsuccessful in enforcing preexisted labor laws. In the United States, many businesses and corporations are unable to implement...
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...Running Head: International Law International Law Nathaniel Coakley Troy University IR 5552 Dr. James F. Rinehart April 29, 2011 6407 FLATROCK RD #4 COLUMBUS, GA 31907 According to Slomanson, International Law is defined as the body rules that which nations consider binding in their mutual relations. It is assumed that all nations or states mentioned in this definition are a sovereign state. International Law has become much broader in scope with the increase of non-government organizations, the increase globalization, and the rising behavior of multinationals. This paper will describe what is International Law and its purpose. It will answer two important questions. The first being, is International Law a fundamental requirement of a modern, increasingly independent global system of states and non-states actors? The second question, does international law prevent from pursing its self-interest. Before we can really look at International we must compare it to Domestic Law and identify the differences between the two. The first difference is that Domestic Laws operate within the borders of a single state. Whereas, International Law operates on much broader scope than Domestic Law does. The second difference, there is no definite body in International Law. However, Domestic Law can be referred as the guidelines that summarize the union between the government and the citizens. The third difference between Domestic and International Law is in International...
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...bases all around the world. It is really sad that young children from all nationalities and all ages are used as sexual pleasures to older men. It is very sad that child sex tourism is very hard to get under control. In an article written by ECPAT (End Child Prostitution and trafficking) stated that wealthy Westerners posing as good people often prepared the child prostitutes before having sexual intercourse with them. Many of these men will spend time with the child’s family assuring them that they are going to try to help them get out of poverty but in reality these men just want to have sexual intercourse with these young children. I think that this is great that the ECPAT is helping to keep children safe from pedophiles. This article also stated that many countries are lacking laws to prevent child exploitation. So not having the proper laws is not helping children with this matter. It is easier for the sex offenders to abuse children whenever they want to. Many of these pedophiles are having sexual intercourse with these young children without being caught. They also travel to other countries without a problem and engage in child sex tourism and escape without being prosecuted. The ECPAT as well works with the travel and tourism industry to raise awareness about child sex tourism. The ECPAT also helps provides technical guidance, workshops and helps support law makers also helps the law enforcements and other national and international partners. The ECPAT also encourages...
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...Fournier-Bonilla Kaplan University Unit 2: Assignment 1: Global Challenges Associated with E-Commerce E-Commerce has changed the ways that companies do business, they are no longer confined to certain areas, regions, or even countries. "E-Commerce and m-commerce offer enormous opportunities by allowing manufacturers to buy supplies at low cost...they also offer enterprises a chance to sell globally.." (Stair and Reynolds, 2012). E-Commerce is not an easy venture and there are many challenges that are associated with all global systems wishing to implement e-commerce. The challenges that will be discussed and analyzed in this paper are; cultural, language, time and distance, infrastructure, currency, and state, regional, and national law challenges. It is very important that companies wishing to implement e-commerce systems in a global market pay very close attention to dealing with these challenges or they just might fail in their venture. Cultural Challenges The first thing that must be realized when implementing e-commerce is that you are going to be dealing with people from other cultures and not all cultures are the same. According to Kamel (2008) "cultural differences have a profound impact on the usability, acceptability, and user performance of Web sites". Companies must understand that different cultures contain different, religions, customs, core values, norms, social and ethical opinions, practices (both business and social), and even tastes and gestures. The...
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...American legal system I chose were the economic analysis of law, religion, and the right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression. There was a similarity with each of these areas where they were connected in some way or another. The economic analysis of the law is especially emphasized in the legal system of the United States. Why is the economic analysis so important? There are several factors that incline the American legal system to economics. One is the legislative function of the American courts, which encourages American lawyers to think legislatively. They have to think about policy, match ends to means and balance competing interests. Another factor is the fluidity of the American legal profession, in which lawyers, in the course of their careers, may serve as academics, advocates, politicians, consultants, practitioners, government officials or judges. Yet another factor is the prestige of applied economics in the United States; and the desire of American economists to apply current theory to the law. The final factor is the interest of many lawyers in the problems raised by monopolies stimulated by enforcement of antitrust laws and the regulation of public utilities and common carriers. Another issue I believe to be important is "religion" how is it to be defined. This issue is crucial to international human rights law since the protections afforded religious freedom by the various international and national treaties, conventions, declarations and constitutions...
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...International Ethics What are your reactions to International Ethics? I found this module on international ethics to be very interesting. Both the chapter and the presentation touched on points that I found quite intriguing. Naturally, the racial and sexual discrimination issues are among some of the topics that really stuck with me. It seems as if these issues arise globally and do not seems to be secluded to particular cultures or areas. Of course, some cultures take these issues to the extreme, but nevertheless, they seem to be on the tip of peoples tongue everywhere in the world. Whether the differences are big or small, one must recognize the norm when away from home and quickly adapt. Should US multinationals only respect US laws or respect local laws? I am completely split by this issue. Above I stated, “Whether the differences are big or small, one must recognize the norm when away from home and quickly adapt”. On that premise I feel that multinationals must only abide by the laws in which they reside. On the other hand, I do not like the results of this. Companies dodging labor laws and spending pennies to make billions is just not ethical to me personally. I am curious to read other student’s posts and look deeper into the issue. As of right now, I am not for or against one side. What are your feelings regarding bribery? Should bribery take place if it is allowed locally? In my opinion, bribery is something that is going to happen one way or another...
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...Bryan Jaeger Business and Ethics UI400-01 April 20, 2015 International Business and Bribery Have you ever bribed someone to let you do something that you weren’t allowed to do? As much as I hate to admit to it, I have done it my fair share of times. Bribery can be a good or bad thing depending on the situation and how the bribe is used. No matter what I believe that bribery can usually lead to bad consequences. Though it can happen for just small things such as slipping someone a 20 dollar bill to get you into a club, it can also happen in big corporations that are involved in international business. If they are discovered by the government these big companies will pretty much lose everything. For example, “In February of 1975, Eli M. Black, the CEO of United Brands Company, jumped from the 44th floor of his New York City office Building. Black’s jump followed a $1.25 million bribe to Honduran Chief of State General Oswaldo Lopez Arellano to obtain reduced shipment taxes on the exportation of bananas”( Smith 1). This example cost the life of one person as well as high level job positions for 2 people and it hurt the company in a very negative way. This is just one example of a company that has been hurt really badly because of bribery. I will state a couple of more later on in the paper. One way most people don’t know is that bribery happens in the government most often with lobbyists. The whole system is corrupt and its one of those things that is very hard to fix overnight...
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...to International Law - Spring 2015 Exam Feedback Prof. David P. Stewart General The best exams gave clear, precise and well-organized answers to the specific questions posed; they reflected a clear understanding of and an ability to apply the principles, provisions and substance covered in the course; and they demonstrated clarity of analysis and thoughtful (even insightful) observations evidencing preparation participation and attention to assigned reading material and our class discussions. In many respects, the questions asked for your judgment and (for Parts I, II and III) no single answer was necessarily correct (for example, on justifications for the use of force, the risks and benefits of ratifying CEDAW, and on the nature of international law). Thoughtful, reasoned answers counted in favor. At the same time, there were correct and essential answers to some aspects of the exam. For example, either you knew or did not know the essential provisions of the UN Charter, the basic rules regarding use of force, what constitutes genocide, the jurisdiction of the ICJ, CEDAW’s requirements, the difference between immunity and inviolability, the difference between a party and a signatory to a treaty, etc. Wrong answers counted heavily, including especially in part IV. Failure to answer a question, or portions of a question, counted seriously against the overall evaluation. Long, discursive recitations of the history and principles of international law were...
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