...Assignment: Report on Islamic architecture (Wazir Khan Mosque) 1. Introduction A distinctive example of Islamic architecture can be seen in Wazir Khan Mosque. It is the most exquisite mosque in the Mughal era. This building is famous because of its magnificent designs and decorations. Also, its great history played a role in placing it as one of the most beautiful and honorable Islamic buildings in the world. 2. Background 3.1 Location Wazir Khan Mosque is located in Lahore district in Punjab province in Pakistan beside Delhi Gate from the east and Lahore Fort from the west (Wazir Khan Mosque, 2011). Actually, it is accessed after passing a bustling bazaar in Rang Mahal Road, then an imoposing mosque appears beyond it. (Omar, 2008). 3.2 Type of Building Wazir Khan Mosque or Masjid Wazir Khan is an Islamic mosque that was built for praying purposes as other mosques. 3.3 Purpose of Building The mosque was built for commercial and religious purposes (Wazir Khan Mosque). It is used as a place for Islamic worship such as praying, and for gaining profits from the bath house which is called (shahi Hammam) and from the markets around the mosque. The income was employed in maintenance projects for the mosque to ensure that it will still forever (Wazir Khan Mosque, 2011). Indeed, the mosque was built on the existing grave of Sayed Muhammad Ishaq who was known as Miran Badshah. Also, it was used as a place of studying especially with the rooms...
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...Islamic Architecture and Geometry When studying Islamic architecture and archaeology one can easily become distracted by the beauty and grace of the many different and Iconic Islamic structures. Coming from New York City it is becoming increasingly difficult to learn about the cities past by studying its Architectural history. Everyday older buildings are being knocked down and replaced by newer and more visually appealing skyscrapers. However, this trend has not come to pass in the major Islamic cities of the east. From Damascus to Baghdad or Jerusalem or Samara one can study and see the history that is still currently present within their cities. One of the most fascinating aspects of Islamic architecture and archaeology for me has always been the immense attention to detail in which the Islamic monuments were built with. For example Ludovico Micara talks about the importance of Geometry within the context of Islamic architecture and design. He references the well-known historian of Islamic art Oleg Grabar. Grabar talks about how writing, geometry, architecture and nature go hand in hand within Islam “In viewers well-defined emotions and stances: control and forcefulness of assertion with writing, Order with geometry, boundaries and protection with architecture, life forces with nature and throughout sensory pleasure”, This concept of interweaving architecture and design with geometry and nature has always been the most interesting concept for me when studying Islamic...
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...Religion has always played an important role in the development of art and architecture. They serve as a bridge between the real world and the divine world, and mirror religious views of people and the major beliefs of the society. Hagia Sophia and the Dome of the Rock are two of the greatest and the most important architectural monuments in the world. Even though two of the most historical mosques, Hagia Sophia and the Dome of the Rock, are built for different religions, but due to a sharing purpose, which being praying to God, the difference can barely be noticed. By sharing a purpose, both structures act as a shrine for different religions to reach God. Hagia Sophia is one of the greatest surviving examples of Byzantine architecture. It was originally built in 360 AD and for more than a thousand years was a Christian church. The church was rebuilt in 532–537 during Emperor Justinian’s rule by architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. Its interior was decorated with mosaics, marble columns and fresco paintings on the wall. The dome of Hagia Sophia is what fascinates architects, engineers and art historians the most. This particular design, pendentive—the triangular form providing the architectural transition between the circular and square shapes 1 . Just below the dome, 40 windows were placed letting light in and shine on the mosaics. The pendentives and the windows created an illusion of the dome floating above the...
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...Persian Ornamentation in Contrast to Ottoman Engineering Although Persian masjids predate the Sinan mosques of the Ottoman Empire by nearly half a millennia, the two styles both incorporate the similar elements of the mosque: a courtyard leading to the prayer hall, a qibla wall against which the mihrab and minbar lay, the incorporation of a dome or several domes, and sacred Islamic geometry that dictates decoration of the mosque. Aside from these basic elements, the mosques of Persia differ greatly in overall shape and ornamentation from those of the Ottoman period, however neither style could be called less sophisticated than the other. Both techniques can be appreciated equally in terms of the architectural genius and amount of meticulous care that went into...
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...Sharjah Museum | May 18 2011 | Shahab Bazargani, 28733 | [Astrolabe] | Shahab Bazargani ID: 28733 Arabic 101 Section 7 Sharjah Museum The Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization is a museum in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The museum, established in 2008, cover up Islamic civilization for over 5,000 objects from the Islamic world. Items include carvings, calligraphy, ceramics, glass, coins, manuscripts, metalwork, and scientific devices. This Museum is very able to be seen because of its large size and golden dome. It was originally a traditional souq and it is situated in the historical centre of Sharjah on the Majarrah Waterfront. One section of the museum which is donated to the Islamic architecture, there was a well done replica of the Hagia Sophia. The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, On 29 May 1453, Mehmet II, conquered Constantinople after a 54 day siege. He directly went to the ancient Byzantine cathedral of Hagia Sophia. When he saw a gentleman slashing the stones of the church and uttering that this was a temple for infidels, Mehmet II ordered the looting to be stopped and the church to be converted into a mosque. In addition, in another segment of the museum we were shown some scientific instruments. Astrolabe was one of them. In the Islamic world, astrolabes were used to find the times of sunrise and the rising of fixed stars, to help schedule morning prayers (salat). In the 10th century, al-Sufi first described over 1,000 different uses of an astrolabe...
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...Introduce yourself to the class and provide the following details: o Name o Location o Profession o Your interest in specific aspects of business psychology, including any previous experiences you may have had in the area of psychology. What do you feel is the importance of business psychology in today's business organizations? o Your expectations from this course Good Morning, Afternoon or Evening everyone, my name is Alonzo Williams, a 22 year old African American residing on the west side of Chicago, Illinois. My profession as of right now includes being a Merchandise Processor at Sears Outlet in Melrose Park which I have worked for almost two years now and I’m also a Restroom Valet Attendant at the Alhambra Palace Restaurant working there for almost two months. My interest in business psychology that I’m excited to learn a lot more about is how to detect problems and create opportunities for improving organizational functioning. I feel that the importance of business psychology in today’s business organizations is to identify and realize the full potential of prospective and current members of staff. When doing this it helps to make the business a very successful one. My expectations for this course are to complete all assignments on time and before or by the due date to receive a good grade. This is my second time taking this course and I don’t want to have to repeat it again. Last time I procrastinated in getting my work done and on time so this time around I expect...
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...Discuss the role of architecture as art in terms of the four roles of an artist with a real world example. According to Webster’s dictionary, architecture is defined as “an art or science of building.” While I believe buildings are mostly engineering processes, structures can be artistic. Architecture comes with design and design usually has some kind of creative element to it. This creativity to reflect the architect’s artistic ability in a building, the thought processes, functional aspects, is art. There is a lot of effort put into making a building. Apart from the engineering process and scientific principles of manipulating mass, volume, materials, and pragmatic elements such as keeping in mind cost, technology, an architect has to be creative to make the building or structures very pleasurable to view. This is because architecture, in essence, fulfills all the roles of an artist. I believe architecture primarily reflects the history, time, culture of the people, technology, and is very symbolic of that time in several different ways. Several examples can be attributed to the artistic roles of architecture. I personally love the fig 494 on page 370 of our text. It is structure called Turning Torso Residential Tower in Sweden. This particular building reflects the third and fourth role of artists of making the structure pleasurable and give hidden meaning of stronger powers. Another impressive building is the Burj Khalifa (fig 501, pg 373, name changed in 2010) in Dubai...
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...Summary Jama Masjid Allah Wali is an old multistory mosque situated in the busy area of Bohrapir. This mosque was constructed before the partition of sub-continent, in 1897 A.D. Its renovation began on 24th May 1968, when its foundation was laid by the then president of Jamiat-e-Ulama-e-Pakistan, Alhaj Maulana Shah Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni. Its minor renovations was recently carried out in 2009. Allah Wali Masjid misses some major features and facilities which are found in a common mosque. The connections between spaces are not defined. Transition between spaces can become difficult. Its entrance gate doesn’t suffice for a small crowd to pass adequately. The ablution area of Allah Wali Masjid is situated outside the boundaries of the mosque, and has been designed poorly, with no considerations of users’ access and transition from the ablution space. Access to the upper levels of the mosque is not easy. There are issues with the steps, and the width of stairs. There are no facilities for the handicapped personnel, no ramp or special considerations for handicapped are available. The bathrooms are located right next to the mosque and are poorly oriented. There is no provision for Janaza, and namaz e janaza is offered on the road adjacent to the mosque. Introduction Mosque is a space where a connection between God and His creation is established. His creation visits this space five times a day, worshipping and offering prayers. Such a space, where a spiritual link...
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...Author Lisa Heschong addresses the hidden thermal treasures that exist in architecture as she writes “drawing a parallel to the concept of the soul that animates the physical body of the person, the fire, then is the animating spirit for the body of the house,” in her book Thermal Delight. Additionally, Professor Speck recounts a sophisticated conversation on technology as a source of beauty to emphasize architecture as a craft. Speck underlines the fundamental role of a united marriage between an architect’s vision and the building’s construction. Ultimately. buildings become defined by something other than form: physical considerations. As an architect, Frank Gehry contemplates these considerations by using technology to unite his vision with the construction of Walt Disney Concert Hall and, as it is built inside out, creates an acoustic marvel and architectural masterpiece that transforms the musical landscape of Los Angeles. The interior of Walt Disney Concert Hall employs technology to provide acoustical clarity and to create the perfect...
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...HISTORY AND THEORY STUDIES FIRST YEAR Terms 1 and 2 Course Lecturers: CHRISTOPHER PIERCE / BRETT STEELE (Term 1) Course Lecturer: PIER VITTORIO AURELI (Term 2) Course Tutor: MOLLIE CLAYPOOL Teaching Assistants: FABRIZIO BALLABIO SHUMI BOSE POL ESTEVE Course Structure The course runs for 3 hours per week on Tuesday mornings in Terms 1 and 2. There are four parallel seminar sessions. Each seminar session is divided into parts, discussion and submission development. Seminar 10.00-12.00 Mollie Claypool, Fabrizio Ballabio, Shumi Bose and Pol Esteve Lecture 12.00-13.00 Christopher Pierce, Brett Steele and Pier Vittorio Aureli Attendance Attendance is mandatory to both seminars and lectures. We expect students to attend all lectures and seminars. Attendance is tracked to both seminars and lectures and repeated absence has the potential to affect your final mark and the course tutor and undergraduate coordinator will be notified. Marking Marking framework adheres to a High Pass with Distinction, High Pass, Pass, Low Pass, Complete-toPass system. Poor attendance can affect this final mark. Course Materials Readings for each week are provided both online on the course website at aafirstyearhts.wordpress.com and on the course library bookshelf. Students are expected to read each assigned reading every week to be discussed in seminar. The password to access the course readings is “readings”. TERM 1: CANONICAL BUILDINGS, PROJECTS, TEXTS In this first term of...
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...Architecture and the Environment Christina Parker PSY 460 June 04, 2012 Brenda Gallagher Architecture and the Environment The environment and its inhabitants do not exist separately. They both help to mold one another. There are different environments that require a different behavior. To understand the interactions of the physical world and the behavior, individuals must consider the kinship of physical inhabitants and the environment itself (Todd & Wilson, 1993). The information in this paper will provide an understanding of the following: how the environment affects human behavior, architecture as a means of controlling behavior, the environmental psychological implications of the grand design, and the importance of architecture supporting development. Structures and Human Behavior The increasing research and interest in environmental conditions and how it relates to behavior is finally receiving acknowledgement. Structural design influences an individual’s health and well-being. A person’s mood and productivity stems from the kind of architecture one is sees. In a business sense, the goal is to create buildings that fit the need of the individual and serve the purpose of the business. Space limitations may influence an individual to work more intensely for the right to privacy. The use of windows and indoor green spaces provide a relaxing stress free zone from work (Irvine, Devine-Wright, Payne, Fuller, Painter, and Gaston, 2009). Inside...
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...Architectural Design Process Programming Phase -Programming is the activity of determining the "program", or set of needs that a building needs to fulfill. Any project should begin with a thorough examination of these needs, goals and constraints, to form as complete as possible an understanding of these issues. This includes an examination of who the users of the building will be, what use they will make of the building, what rooms/spaces they need, what mood the building should create, and any other goals of the project. It also includes an examination of constraints, such as cost, zoning and building code restrictions, and locally available materials. During the programming phase, it is normal to identify what rooms/spaces are needed. For each space, consider at least the following requirements: * Who will use the space * Use(s) of the space; what activities will take place there * How private or public should the space be * Which other spaces should be adjacent or most accessible from that space * What type of mood should the space create * How large should the space be Schematic Design Phase After establishing the program for a project, the focus in the architectural design process shifts from what the problems are to how to solve those problems. During schematic design, the focus is on the "scheme", or overall high-level design. Here, minor details should be ignored to instead focus on creating a coherent solution that encompasis the project...
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...Diwa ng Lunan: Understanding Filipino Architecture In this world, there are places that give people strong mental images, a memory or created one, which make them unique and different from other spaces. The spirit of place, or diwa ng Lunan, is a belief that each place has its own identity, character and uniqueness that differ from others. It has its own meanings that its inhabitants give value to. There are different factors that may have brought on the individuality to these places – the architectural style used, the site, the use of local materials, the climate, the cultural aspects affecting the place and the values that the people hold on to. Filipino Architecture is the reflection of the history and heritage of the country, which the author thinks is what diwa ng Lunan is about: the memories people create in a place that make it different. Having a rich past, all the occurrences in our history have contributed to the uniqueness that Filipino architecture has established to the minds of the Filipinos. The most prominent historic constructions in the archipelago are influenced by the Spanish, Chinese and Japanese culture. The Philippine architecture is like a narration of the country’s past, even before the colonization happened. The pre-colonial structures our forefathers built, the nipa huts, are made of materials found in nature. In present days, although replaced with stone houses, we always see nipa huts as something that defines the Filipino culture. They remind...
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...Republic of the Philippines MINDANAO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Lapasan, Cagayan De Oro City COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE B.S. in Architecture Major in Architecture BSARCH SY 2007-2008 SUBJECT CODE DESCRIPTIVE TITLE LAB LEC H O U R LAB U LEC CREDIT N I T PRE-REQUISITE CO-REQUISITE 1ST YEAR -1ST SEMESTER ARCH10 Architectural Design 1 (Introduction to Design) 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 ARCH20 Graphics 1 (Mechanical Drawing) 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH30 Visual Tech 1 (Monochromatic & Freehand 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 Drawing) ARCH50 Theory of Architecture 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ENGL11 Study & Thinking Skills 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 PD10 Essence of Personality 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 MATH 17 Algebra & Trigonometry 6.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 6.0 NSTP10 ROTC/CWTS/LTS 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 18.0 15.0 5.0 18.0 23.0 1ST YEAR -2ND SEMESTER ARCH11 Architectural Design 2 (Creative Design & 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 ARCH10 Fundamentals) ARCH21 Graphics 2 (Perspective Shades & Shadows) 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH20 ARCH31 Visual Tech 2 (Color Rendering & Still Life) 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 ARCH30 ARCH40 History of Architecture 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ARCH51 Theory of Architecture 2 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ARCH50 ENGL20 Writing Across Disciplines 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ENGL11 PD20 Social Graces & Social Relations 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 PD10 MATH32b Differential Calculus w/ Analytic Geometry 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 MATH 17 NSTP20 ROTC/CWTS/LTS 2 3.0 0.0...
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...other things Japanese architecture was originally heavily influenced by Chinese architecture. At the same time it has developed many unique differences and aspects indigenous to Japan as a result of dynamic changes throughout its long history. Just like Chinese and Japanese painting focused on nature, Japanese architecture integrate the man-made structures with nature. The architects blended the design of the structure into the surrounding landscape. Japanese architects concentrate on giving the building as much as natural look as they could, they would leave the wood-framed structures in their natural state, which helped with blending with the surrounding landscape. As the time advanced the material that was used to build structures shifted from wood to long lasting structure. The looks of architecture changed to modernists and expressionist. Building structures in bigger city away from nature was a challenge for Japanese architects keep the early elements that Japanese architecture was known for. Architects start designing the structure with man-mad waterfalls and planting various trees to have a touch of natural look to it. In early twentieth century American architects learned about Japanese architecture and became very interesting to them. The simplicity in the overall design of the structure and the use of nature integration of Japanese architectural design caught attention of American architect. Many architects of adapt Japanese architecture design to fit their own...
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