...Universitas Islam Indonesia Faculty of Economics INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM Syllabus Accounting for Islamic Banking Lecturer: Muhammad Akhyar Adnan, PhD, MBA., Ak. E-mail: akhyar@fe.uii.ac.id Phone: +62 274 881546 Credit (SKS): 3 Prerequisites: Intermediate Accounting, or at least an Introduction to Accounting in conventional perspective. It is preferable that students have passed accounting theory. Consultation times: By appointment Class Duration Two and a half hours per week for 12 weeks One to one and a half hours of the time is used for lecture or seminar and the remainder for tutorial or small group work activities. Subject Overview Since the mid 20th century, there has been a serious effort within Muslim societies to apply fully the Islamic tenets in their daily lives. This includes the application of Islamic economic teachings, as discussed variously in many verses of the holy Qur’an, in the ahadith, as well as exemplified in the real life of prophet Muhammad (M.P.B.U.H) and his companions. The most vivid example of this effort can be seen in the establishment of Islamic financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies, capital markets, mutual funds and so forth, both in Muslim and non-Muslim countries. The proliferation and growth of Islamic banks particularly, both nationally and internationally, has been remarkable. Islamic banks now stand side by side with their conventional counterparts in more than 150 countries...
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...Maximum | Part time | 2 academic years | 4 academic years | 5 academic years | Full time | 1 1/2 academic years | 2 academic years | 3 academic years | 28 credit hours of coursework + 12 credit hours of dissertation Entry Requirements Programme Structure The Masters in Accounting programme comprises of 28 credit hours of coursework (10 courses) and 12 credit hours of dissertation. Core Courses Course Code | Course Name | ACC 6610 | Financial Accounting And Reporting | ACC 6620 | Managerial Accounting | ACC 6630 | Accounting Theory And Policy | ACC 6640 | Islamic Worldview And Accounting Ethics | ACC 6810 | Islamic Accounting And Finance | ACC 6820 | Accounting Research Methods | ACC 6650 | Introduction to Library Search & Academic Writing | ACC 6660 | Literature Review | | | Elective Courses Course Code | Course Name | ACC 6830 | Accounting For Islamic Institutions | ACC 6840 | Issues In Auditing | ACC 6850 | Issues In Taxation | ACC 6860 | Issues In Public Sector Accounting | A candidate shall be required to pass all the courses with at least a "B" grade and attain a minimum a CPGA of 3.00. In certain circumstances, a candidate may be required to take pre-requisite courses. Dissertation (12 Cr. Hrs.) After completing all the courses, students will proceed with a dissertation before they could graduate. The research proposal will be specifically developed in their Accounting Research Methods course (i.e. ACC 6820)...
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...Benefits The idea of Islamic banking was initiated and brought up by some economists who were conscious about socio economic development of Muslim nations based on Islamic principles. It was based on noble vision and objective of Islamic banking base on profit and loses sharing principle. The foundation of Islamic banking theory that they proposed was based on mudaraba and musharakah contracts as mechanism to operate Islamic banking system. “The early contributions on the theory of Islamic banking were only discussed as part of the subject in Islamic economic system. For example, the book by Qureshi on Islam and the Theory of Interest (Qureshi (l946)) which looked upon banking as a social service that should be sponsored by the government like other public institutions such as public health and education.2 His view was based on the point that the bank could neither pay any interest to account holders nor charge any interest on loans advanced. He also suggests the possibility for both Islamic banks and entrepreneur to create a partnership. No mention was made of profit-sharing.” Other economists were come up with different ideas at earlier stages such “the principle of mudarabah was appealed systematically by Uzair (l955). His main contribution lay in suggesting mudarabah as the main premise for 'interest less banking'. However, his argument that the Islamic bank should not make any capital investment with its own deposits rendered...
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...Akiva Lorenz in his essay “Al Qaeda's Maritime Threat” touches on some of the vulnerabilities of various transportation systems to Al Qaeda's asymmetric warfare, and then he moves to his main topic- Maritime Security. To date there have been three major successful terrorist attacks on maritime targets. The first was the 2000 attack on USS Cole while it was making a refueling stop in Aden, Yemen. The second was the 2002 attack on the French oil tanker USS Limburg while it was anchored off Yemen. Al Qaeda on the USS Cole and USS Limburg used small explosive loaded boats to attack their target. Usage of merchant vessels to facilitate terrorist attack is one of the four ways vessels can serve/ be used as weapon. The third major attack, and probably the one least familiar to Westerners, was the 2004 attack in the Philippines on Super Ferry 14. Mr. Lorenz uses these as stepping off points for his article and states that Maritime Terrorism is not well defined by International Law (terrorism is not well defined either) and given this lack of definition points out acts that might fall under "Maritime Terrorism": …the grey areas are cases of kidnap-for-ransom incidents, such as the May 2001 abduction of three American citizens and 17 Filipinos at the Dos Palmas resort on Palawan by Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), an Al Qaeda affiliate. Motivated by the need to finance their political aims, ASG repeatedly perpetrated such acts of piracy. Their actions are an example of the blurring of the distinction...
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...Islamic Banking Malek Alraddadi 02-24-2014 FIN-610 Introduction This study debates upon the history of Islamic banking. What are the ethical issues involved in the implementation of Islamic banking. Since the birth of Islam what type of steps are taken and by whom these measurements were taken. Besides this this paper also declares the response and customers point of view regarding Islamic banking with the help of different studies. History of Islamic banking The term Islamic banking got regular in the 1960's, however the systems and thoughts of the framework were suggested and operated since the beginning of Islam. Numerous studies and explores have indicated that Islamic money components were utilized within the Muslim world all around the Middle Ages; in leading exchange and business exercises. Charging investment on credits was not regular in those days. The first run through investment bearing credits were generally utilized within the Muslim world, particularly in the Middle East, was throughout the Ottoman Empire's governed in the fifteenth century. Mehmet Ebusuud Efendi, the senior Islamic minister of the Ottoman Empire, issued a fatwa (decision) permitting the charging of investment and thinking of it halal (allowable) as long as it was underneath 10%. Despite the fact that it was clear in The Holy Quran that investment was strictly disallowed, practically nobody could challenge the senior Islamic priest's decision since testing him might mean testing the...
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...Introduction Unlike conventional economics which focuses on profit maximization, the Islamic economic system aims at the “study of human falah achieved by organising the resources of earth on the basis of cooperation and participation (Akram Khan, p.55).” In other words, the Islamic economic system aims at attaining Allah s.w.t’s pleasure, while pursuing economic activities within the boundaries of the Islamic shariah. The Islamic shariah puts a heavy importance on the well being of the community and social justice. Thus, this also means the prohibition of interest. The prohibition of interest is one of the main factors that put Islamic economics in distance with the conventional economics. Because of this difference in nature, Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) have different types of contracts as practiced by conventional financial institutions. One of the types of contracts entered by IFIs is the Ijarah contract. Ijarah contracts are also known as Islamic leasing. Basically, this study is done in order to understand more the nature of leasing according to Islamic principles, and at the same time, the differences of ijarah with conventional leasing. In addition, this study also aims to identify the types of ijarah practiced by IFIs in Malaysia and also to see how Malaysian IFIs disclosed their ijarah financing in comparison to their counterparts in Bahrain IFIs. This is because as one ummah, it is important to have a standardized standard that is Shariah compliant...
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... |ID | |Fahamida Sultana |B-101875 | |Rabeya Bashry |B-101876 | Batch : 30th Semester : 8 Course Teacher : Md. Ataur Rahman Course Teacher Course Code : 4804 Course Title : Strategic Human Resource Management [pic] DBA, IIUC, DC Date of Submission: 5th January, 2014. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL January 05, 2014 To Ataur Rahman Course Teacher Department of Business Administration International Islamic University Chittagong Dhaka Campus. Subject: Submission of Assignment. Dear Sir, This is a great pleasure to submit the assignment on Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. as the...
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...Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1-2 (2007), pp. 38-53 Islamic Microfinance: A Missing Component in Islamic Banking Abdul Rahim ABDUL RAHMAN 1. Introduction Microfinance means “programme that extend small loans to very poor people for self employment projects that generate income in allowing them to take care of themselves and their families” (Microcredit Summit, 1997). The World Bank has recognized microfinance programme as an approach to address income inequalities and poverty. The microfinance scheme has been proven to be successful in many countries in addressing the problems of poverty. The World Bank has also declared 2005 as the year of microfinance with the aim to expand their poverty eradication campaign. The main aim of the paper is to assess the potentials of Islamic financing schemes for micro financing purposes. The paper argues that Islamic finance has an important role for furthering socio-economic development of the poor and small (micro) entrepreneurs without charging interest (read: riba’). Furthermore, Islamic financing schemes have moral and ethical attributes that can effectively motivate micro entrepreneurs to thrive. The paper also argues that there is a nexus between Islamic banking and microfinance as many elements of microfinance could be considered consistent with the broader goals of Islamic banking. The paper, first, introduces the concepts of microfinance, and presents a case for Islamic microfinance to become one of the components of Islamic banking...
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...PROHIBITION OF RIBA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FOUR MAIN SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT Introduction In the comprehensive and restrictive meaning, riba is defined as “any increment incurred upon specific ribawi (usurious) items originated either from debt or trading transactions”. Apart from its literal meaning of “increase”, classical Islamic scholars such as Ibn Arabi, Mujahid and Tabari interpreted riba as an ‘increase without wealth (mal) attached to it’, or as ‘compensation for waiting’ or ‘increase of amount owing to the lenders due to the deferment of payment resulted from extension of original loan tenure’. Such interpretation encompasses riba from debt transaction (i.e. riba ad-duyun) as well as riba from trading of the six ribawi items (i.e. riba al buyu’). The prohibition of riba appears in Al-Quran in four different revelations. The first of these is in Surah Ar-Rum ayyat 39 which emphasized on moral denunciation for those who gives riba and commendation for those who contribute tithe (zakat). The second revelation is in Surah An-Nisa ayyat 161 concerning riba and the Jews. It severely condemned the Jews who took riba despite they were forbidden to do so. The third revelation in Surah Ali Imran ayyat 130 enjoined the Muslims to keep away themselves from riba and the fourth revelation in Surah Al-Baqarah ayyat 275-278 delineate the strong verdict against riba especially the two excerpts from ayyat 275 which stated that “Those who devour riba will not stand except as one...
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..............................................7 3. Understanding Riba ...........................................................10 3.1 A world shaped by Riba.................................................... 10 3.2 What is Riba? ................................................................. 11 4. The Misunderstanding of Riba............................................20 4.1. Religious reformism and capitalism ................................... 20 4.2 The Islamic Reformers ..................................................... 23 4.3 The followers of Reda ...................................................... 27 4.4 The misunderstanding of Riba an-nasiah today.................... 28 4.5 Equating Riba to interest in a loan ..................................... 33 4.6 Islamic Banking .............................................................. 34 4.6.1 Islamic Banks are banks ............................................. 34 4.6.2 Murabaha: what it is and what it is not ......................... 38 4.6.3 How the Islamic Bank’s version of the contract of Murabaha came into being ................................................................. 41 4.6.4 The danger of making principles out of contracts............ 46 4.7 The Stages of the “Islamisation” process ............................ 48 4.8 On the methodology of modernism .................................... 49 5. Understanding Paper Money ..............................................54 5.1 Paper money backed by gold and...
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...II. The Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EJIM) Eritrean separatism began in earnest during World War II, as Eritrea passed from Italian to British rule in 1941 and remained under British administration until 1950. Arab states pushed for independence given the large Muslim population and ties to the Arab world from that community. The initial constitution in 1952 was ratified by Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, but Eritrea and Ethiopia were linked through a federal system, under the sovereignty of the emperor. Eritreans resisted Ethiopian rule and began armed struggle for their independence in 1958. The Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM) began activity in 1975 when a group of Islamist-minded guerillas split off from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) that had been fighting since the beginning of the Eritrean independence movement. The EIJM was formally established in 1980. Since independence in 1993, the EIJM (and its factions) have been the principal Muslim opposition group in Eritrea, seeking the violent overthrow of the ELF government led by President Isaias Afewerki. EIJM claims to only target the Eritrean government and its apparatus in the country, not Western targets, and seeks the establishment of an Islamic caliphate in Eritrea. The group is based in Sudan and is made up primarily of dissidents from the ELF, conservative Eritrean (and some other Muslims from Horn of Africa countries), and a Muslim youth network. The group is also known by a variety of other names—the...
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...General Banking Operations General banking provides the foundation of banker – customer relation ship through openingaccount. This is the busiest department and the daily transactions of concerned to thecustomers for drawing or depository money , selling of the instrument to them for remittance purpose, collection of their instruments providing other services to them and keep customer section busy.Usually the following sections/departments are involved to perform the general bankingoperations: ˃ Cash Section ˃ Bills & Remittance Section ˃ Clearing and Collection Section ˃ Accounts Section Mudaraba The word 'Mudaraba' has been derived from Arabic word 'Darb'/'Darbun' which means“Travel”. Thus the word ‘Mudaraba’ means travel for undertaking business.Mudaraba is a form of partnership in profit whereby one party provides capital and the other party provides skill and labour.The provider of capital is called ‘Shahib-al-Mal’ or the ‘Rabb-ul-Mal’ (the financier or owner of the fund) and acts like a sleeping or dormant partner while the provider of skill and labour is called ‘Mudarib’ (entrepreneur/organizer) who provides the entrepreneurship andmanagement for carrying on any venture, trade, industry or service with the objectives of earning profits.Both the parties share the profit as per pre-agreed ratio and the losses, if any, being borne bythe provider of capital i.e. ‘Shahib-al-Mal’ except if it is due to breach of trust, misconduct,negligence or violation of the...
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...Investment Banking Under Islamic Shariah PRINCIPLES: A Case Study on Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd By Md. Mostak Ali ID: 3-03-03-025 A Project Report Submitted To Professor Md. Ali Akkas Department of Management Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA Dhaka 1000 September, 2011 September 29, 2011 Md. Ali Akkas Professor Department of Management Studies EMBA Program University of Dhaka. Subject : ‘Submission of project paper under evening MBA program’. Dear Sir, I, Shah Salahuddin Ahamed, am one of your students in the Evening MBA Program. It is my pleasure to inform you that, I have prepared my project paper which was assigned to me in the topic of 'Investment Banking Under Islamic Shariah Principles - A Case Study on Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd.’ It was quite helpful for me to complete the paper under your prudent supervision. The theoretical knowledge that I have achieved during the MBA sessions helped me a lot to understand the practical business operations in different sectors and to prepare the report smoothly as well. My special gratitude to you & the Department of Management Studies and thanks to Exim Bank Ltd. authority. I have given my best effort to analyze the Investment Banking System in Exim Bank Ltd under Islamic Shariah principals, though I have lot to know & learn about Islamic Banking. Any kind...
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...CIMB-Principal Positive on Bonds with New Fund | 24 January 2011 | Kuala Lumpur: CIMB-Principal Asset Management Berhad (“CIMB-Principal”) today launched the CIMB-Principal Strategic Income Bond Fund (“the Fund”), a fund that allows investors to capitalise on Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Middle East’s improving credit conditions given the high potential of more rating upgrades. Campbell Tupling, Chief Executive of CIMB-Principal Asset Management said, “The demand for high-quality bonds in Asia, Australia, New Zealand and Middle East continues to remain high given the low interest rates outlook in the US and Europe, and this should support bond prices for the next few years. In addition, the slower economic recovery of these developed markets is shifting investment appetite to Asia. Combined with the likelihood of bond rating upgrades, this will mean potential good returns for investors who want to invest in regional high growth prospects in a stable manner.” Post-financial crisis, bonds remain the preferred asset class for more conservative investors because it is less volatile than equities. Asia, for example, remains a sound investment destination with rapid urbanisation, as a younger and higher population growth will necessitate greater infrastructure spending in the coming years. This provides the golden opportunity to profit from the economic power of Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Middle East. “By taking a three year buy-and-hold strategy, the...
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...1. Islamic banking is banking activity that is consistent with the principles of Sharia- Islamic law and participates actively in achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy. Sharia prohibits the interest-based transactions and Investing in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary (vrazrez) to Islamic principles, for example alcohol, pork, gambling (igra na birze,azartnaja igra), or businesses that produce media such as gossip columns or pornography. The aim of this is to engage in only ethical investing, and moral purchasing. 2. Interest-free banking seems to be of very recent origin. The earliest references to the organisation of banking on the basis of profit sharing rather than interest are found in 1946. In the next two decades interest-free banking attracted more attention, partly because of the political interest it created in Pakistan and partly because of the emergence of young Muslim economists. In The early 1970s were held several conferences on Islamic Economics and banking. The involvement of institutions and governments led to the application of theory to practice and resulted in the establishment of the first interest-free banks. The Islamic Development Bank, an inter-governmental bank established in 1975, was born of this process. It was set up with the mission to provide funding to projects in the member countries. The efforts undertaken in the 1980’s to Islamize the economy at national level are considered as pioneering...
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