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Islamic Management

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PANDUAN SOLAT SUNAT
CARA NABI S.A.W. Penulis: Mohd Yaakub bin Mohd Yunus Disemak oleh: Ustaz Mohd Fikri Che Hussain

SOLAT ISTISQA’ Istisqa’ bermaksud meminta siraman air. Istisqa’ juga bermakna doa meminta hujan kepada Allah S.W.T dengan cara yang tertentu seperti berdoa ketika khutbah Jumaat, berdoa setelah selesai solat, doa secara sendirian (tanpa solat atau khutbah) dan mengerjakan solat Istisqa’. Oleh itu solat sunat Istisqa’ adalah solat yang dikerjakan secara spesifik untuk memohon kepada Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala agar menurunkan hujan di saat terjadinya musim kemarau. Kejadian kemarau ini merupakan salah satu tanda kemurkaan Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala sebagai balasan terhadap hamba-hamba-Nya yang tidak menurut perintah-Nya. Sebagai contohnya telah diriwayatkan daripada Ibnu ‘Umar radhiallahu’ anh bahawa Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda: ...وَلَمْ يَنْقُصُوا الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ إِلاَّ أُخِذُوا بِالسِّنِينَ وَشِدَّةِ الْمَئُونَةِ وَجَوْرِ السُّلْطَانِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يَمْنَعُوا زَكَاةَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلاَّ مُنِعُوا الْقَطْرَ مِنْ السَّمَاءِ... …Dan tidak akan ada suatu kaum yang mengurangi sukatan dan timbangan kecuali Allah akan mencabut nikmat-Nya dan menjadikan penguasa zalim memerintah mereka. Tidak ada orang yang menahan zakat daripaa harta-harta mereka kecuali Allah akan menahan turunnya titisan air dari langit… – Hadis riwayat Ibnu Majah dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Fitan, no: 4009 Justeru itu Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam telah mengajar umatnya agar mengerjakan solat Istisqa’, memperbanyakan doa serta istighfar (memohon keampunan) agar Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala akan menurunkan hujan dan mengembalikan nikmat rezeki kepada para hamba-Nya. Hukum solat Istisqa’ ini adalah sunat dan tidak wujud satu dalilpun yang mewajibkannya.

v TATACARA PERLAKSANAAN SOLAT ISTISQA’ q Penampilan Fizikal Dan Mental Untuk Bersolat Istisqa’
Mereka yang mengerjakan solat Istisqa’ ini hendaklah menuju ke tempat perlaksanaan solat tersebut dengan penampilan sederhana, tawadhu’ (merendah hati), tadharru’ (bersungguh-sungguh dalam memohon) dan tamaskun (menunjukkan benar-benar perlukan permintaan tersebut) فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَنِي خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَوَاضِعًا مُتَبَذِّلاً مُتَخَشِّعًا مُتَضَرِّعًا فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا يُصَلِّي فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَخْطُبْ خُطْبَتَكُمْ هَذِهِ. Maksudnya:
Daripada Ibnu ‘Abbas radhiallahu’ anh, dia berkata: Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam (keluar untuk bersolat Istisqa’) dan mengenakan pakaian biasa (bukan pakaian yang indah-indah seperti solat sunat pada Hari Raya-pen) dengan penuh harapan. Baginda bersolat dua rakaat sebagaimana solat Hari Raya, tetapi tidak berkhutbah seperti khutbah yang biasa itu. - Hadis riwayat Imam al-Nasa’i dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Istisqa’, no: 1504. q Solat Istisqa’ Dikerjakan Secara Berjemaah Sebanyak Dua Rakaat. عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ بِالنَّاسِ يَسْتَسْقِي فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ جَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِيهَا. Maksudnya:
Daripada ‘Abbad bin Tamim daripada pakciknya (‘Abdullah bin Zaid al-Mazini) dia berkata: Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam keluar bersama orang banyak untuk mengerjakan solat Istisqa’. Baginda bersolat dua rakaat dan menguatkan bacaan dalam kedua rakaat itu. - Hadis Riwayat Imam al-Tirmidzi dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Jumu’ah, no: 510. q Tidak Dilaungkan Azan Atau Iqamah Sebelum Solat Tersebut. عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمًا يَسْتَسْقِي فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِلاَ أَذَانٍ وَلاَ إِقَامَةٍ Maksudnya:
Abu Hurairah radhiallahu’ anh berkata: Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam keluar pada suatu hari untuk mengerjakan solat Istisqa’, lalu bersolat bersama kami dua rakaat tanpa azan atau iqamah…- Hadis Riwayat Imam Ibnu Majah dalam Sunannya, Kitab Iqaamatush Shalaah was Sunnah Fiiha, no: 1258. q Dilaksanakan Sebagaimana Solat Hari Raya.
Solat Istisqa’ dikerjakan sama sebagaimana solat Hari Raya yakni dengan melakukan tujuh takbir pada rakaat pertama dan lima takbir pada rakaat kedua. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَنِي خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَوَاضِعًا مُتَبَذِّلاً مُتَخَشِّعًا مُتَضَرِّعًا فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا يُصَلِّي فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَلَمْ يَخْطُبْ خُطْبَتَكُمْ هَذِهِ. Maksudnya:
Daripada Ibnu ‘Abbas radhiallahu’ anh, dia berkata: Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam (keluar untuk bersolat Istisqa’) dan mengenakan pakaian biasa (bukan pakaian yang indah-indah seperti solat sunat pada Hari Raya-pen) dengan penuh harapan. Baginda bersolat dua rakaat sebagaimana solat Hari Raya, tetapi tidak berkhutbah seperti khutbah yang biasa itu. - Hadis riwayat Imam al-Nasa’i dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Istisqa’, no: 1504. q Waktu Perlaksanaan Solat Istisqa’.
Solat sunat Istiqa’ boleh dikerjakan pada bila-bila masa kecuali waktu yang diharamkan untuk bersolat. q Bacaan Dalam Solat Istisqa’ Adalah Secara Jahar (Kuat). عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ عَنْ عَمِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ بِالنَّاسِ يَسْتَسْقِي فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ جَهَرَ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِيهَا.
Maksudnya:
Daripada ‘Abbad bin Tamim daripada pakciknya (‘Abdullah bin Zaid al-Mazini) dia berkata: Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam keluar bersama orang banyak untuk mengerjakan solat Istisqa’. Baginda bersolat dua rakaat dan menguatkan bacaan dalam kedua rakaat itu. - Hadis Riwayat Imam al-Tirmidzi dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Jumu’ah, no: 510. Sebagaimana solat Hari Raya dianjurkan juga untuk membaca surah Qaf atau surah al-Qamar pada rakaat pertama dan bacaan semasa rakaat kedua sama ada surah al-A’laa atau al-Ghaasyiah. q Tempat Perlaksanaan Solat Istisqa’.
Tidak dikerjakan di dalam masjid tetapi di musolla iaitu di tanah yang lapang seperti padang atau halaman masjid yang luas. عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: شَكَا النَّاسُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُحُوطَ الْمَطَرِ. فَأَمَرَ بِمِنْبَرٍ فَوُضِعَ لَهُ فِي الْمُصَلَّى وَوَعَدَ النَّاسَ يَوْمًا يَخْرُجُونَ فِيهِ. Maksudnya:
Daripada ‘Aishah radhiallahu’ anha, dia berkata: Orang-orang mengeluh kepada Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam kerana lambatnya hujan. Baginda lalu memerintahkan agar disiapkan sebuah mimbar dan diletakkan di tanah yang lapang (untuk dikerjakan solat secara berjemaah) dan ditetapkan kepada orang-orang itu supaya keluar bersama-sama (untuk mengerjakan solat) pada hari yang ditentukan.... - Hadis riwayat Imam Abu Dawud dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Sholaah, no: 992. Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam sebagai ketua negara umat Islam telah turun bersama-sama rakyat untuk mengerjakan solat Istisqa’ ini. Lantaran itu pada masa kini terdapat beberapa negara-negara Islam di timur tengah yang mana para pemerintah tertinggi sesebuah negara itu turut turun bersama rakyat jelata untuk mengerjakan solat Istisqa’ ini di musolla. Kita ternanti-nanti bila sunnah ini akan diamalkan pula oleh pemerintah di Malaysia. q Ringkasan Tatacara Mengerjakan Solat Istisqa’.
Rakaat Pertama
1) Berniat di dalam hati untuk mengerjakan solat Istiqa’
2) Takbiratul Ihram
3) Doa Iftitah
4) Takbir Tujuh kali dan diselangi membaca zikir seperti سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ “Subhanallah, walhamdulillah,wa la ilaha illallah, wallahu akbar” sebanyak enam kali
5) Membaca surah al-Fatihah
6) Membaca Surah al-Qur’an
7) Rukuk
8) Iktidal
9) Sujud
10) Duduk antara dua sujud
11) Sujud kali kedua
12) Bangun untuk rakaat kedua Rakaat Kedua
1) Takbir Lima kali dan diselangi membaca zikir seperti سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ “Subhanallah, walhamdulillah,wa la ilaha illallah, wallahu akbar” sebanyak empat kali
2) Membaca surah al-Fatihah
3) Membaca Surah al-Qur’an
4) Rukuk
5) Iktidal
6) Sujud
7) Duduk antara dua sujud
8) Sujud kali kedua
9) Duduk untuk tahiyyat akhir
10) Memberi salam ke kanan dan ke kiri q Bacaan Khutbah Untuk Solat Istisqa’.
Khutbah ringkas dilakukan sebelum atau sesudah solat Istisqa’ di atas mimbar yang disediakan. Namun Imam al-Nawawi rahimahullah lebih mengutamakan khutbah dikerjakan setelah solat sebagaimana khutbah untuk solat Hari Raya. Berbeza dengan khutbah ketika solat Hari Raya, khutbah untuk solat Istisqa’ adalah ringkas sahaja. Dalilnya adalah hadis berikut: عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: شَكَا النَّاسُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قُحُوطَ الْمَطَرِ. فَأَمَرَ بِمِنْبَرٍ فَوُضِعَ لَهُ فِي الْمُصَلَّى وَوَعَدَ النَّاسَ يَوْمًا يَخْرُجُونَ فِيهِ. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ بَدَا حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ فَقَعَدَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَكَبَّرَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ شَكَوْتُمْ جَدْبَ دِيَارِكُمْ وَاسْتِئْخَارَ الْمَطَرِ عَنْ إِبَّانِ زَمَانِهِ عَنْكُمْ وَقَدْ أَمَرَكُمْ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ تَدْعُوهُ وَوَعَدَكُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَجِيبَ لَكُمْ, ثُمَّ قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مَلِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ. اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ الْغَنِيُّ وَنَحْنُ الْفُقَرَاءُ. أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا الْغَيْثَ وَاجْعَلْ مَا أَنْزَلْتَ لَنَا قُوَّةً وَبَلاَغًا إِلَى حِينٍ. ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ فِي الرَّفْعِ حَتَّى بَدَا بَيَاضُ إِبِطَيْهِ ثُمَّ حَوَّلَ إِلَى النَّاسِ ظَهْرَهُ وَقَلَبَ أَوْ حَوَّلَ رِدَاءَهُ وَهُوَ رَافِعٌ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَنَزَلَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَأَنْشَأَ اللَّهُ سَحَابَةً فَرَعَدَتْ وَبَرَقَتْ ثُمَّ أَمْطَرَتْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ … Maksudnya:
Daripada ‘Aishah radhiallahu’ anha, dia berkata: Orang-orang mengeluh kepada Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam kerana lambatnya hujan. Baginda lalu memerintahkan agar disiapkan sebuah mimbar dan diletakkan di tanah yang lapang (untuk dikerjakan solat secara berjemaah) dan ditetapkan kepada orang-orang itu supaya keluar bersama-sama (untuk mengerjakan solat) pada hari yang ditentukan.
Menurut ‘Aishah ketika matahari telah naik, baginda pun keluarlah lalu duduk di atas mimbar, bertakbir serta memuji Allah dan bersabda: Kamu semua mengeluh sebab keringnya negerimu, sedang Allah telah menyuruhmu semua agar berdoa serta Dia menjanjikan pasti akan mengabulkan permohonanmu itu.
Baginda meneruskan: “Alhamdulillaahi rabbil’aalamiin. Arrahmaanirrahiim, Maliki Yaumiddiin” Tiada Tuhan melainkan Allah, Tuhan berbuat sekehendak-Nya. Ya Allah, tiada Tuhan selain Engkau, Engkaulah yang Maha Kaya sedang kami adalah kaum fakir. Turunkanlah hujan kepada kami serta jadikanlah hujan itu menjadi kekuatan serta mencukupi kami sampai habis masanya.
Selanjutnya baginda mengangkat kedua tangannya dan berdoa sampai kelihatan putih ketiaknya, kemudian membalikkan diri dan menghadap ke arah kiblat, selendangnya dibalikkan letaknya sambil mengangkat kedua tangannya itu, lalu menghadap kepada semua manusia dan turun dari mimbar terus bersolat dua rakaat. Di saat itu Allah Ta’ala menampakkan segumpal awan, terdengarlah suara guruh dan petir dan kemudian turunlah hujan dengan izin Allah Ta’ala… - Hadis riwayat Imam Abu Dawud dalam Sunannya, Kitab al-Sholaah, no: 992. Menerusi hadis di atas dapat difahami bahawa setelah khutbah maka Imam hendaklah menghadapkan wajahnya ke arah kiblat lalu mengangkat tangannya tinggi-tinggi ke langit lalu berdoa dengan bersungguh-sungguh bersama-sama dengan para makmum. Disunnahkan juga untuk menterbalikkan tapak tangan ketika berdoa di mana bahagian belakang tapak tangan tersebut di hadapkan ke arah langit. عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَسْقَى فَأَشَارَ بِظَهْرِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ. Maksudnya:
Daripada Anas bin Malik (radhiallahu’ anh) bahawa Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam pada suatu ketika memohon hujan sedangkan punggung kedua tapak tangannya itu diangkat ke atas langit. - Hadis riwayat Imam Muslim dalam Shahihnya, Kitab Solat al-Istisqa’, no: 896. Bagi mereka yang memakai selendang di atas kepala (syal yang dipakai oleh lelaki) maka disunatkan untuk mengalihkan bucu selendang di bahu kanan ke bahu kiri dan yang di bahu kiri ke kanan dengan membuka dan menterbalikkan tudung tersebut lalu memakainya semula. Ada yang berpendapat bahawa tindakan mengalihkan selendang ini sebagai tafa’ul atau mengharapkan adanya perubahan keadaan dari kemarau kepada hujan عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمًا يَسْتَسْقِي فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِلاَ أَذَانٍ وَلاَ إِقَامَةٍ ثُمَّ خَطَبَنَا وَدَعَا اللَّهَ وَحَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ نَحْوَ الْقِبْلَةِ رَافِعًا يَدَيْهِ. ثُمَّ قَلَبَ رِدَاءَهُ فَجَعَلَ الأَيْمَنَ عَلَى الأَيْسَرِ وَالأَيْسَرَ عَلَى الأَيْمَنِ. Maksudnya:
Abu Hurairah radhiallahu’ anh berkata: Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam keluar pada suatu hari untuk mengerjakan solat Istisqa’, lalu bersolat bersama kami dua rakaat tanpa azan atau iqamah, kemudian menyampaikan khutbah serta berdoa kepada Allah, lalu berpaling ke arah kiblat sambil mengangkat kedua tangannya. Selanjutnya dibalikkan selendangnya yang kanan diletakkan di kiri dan yang kiri di kanan. - Hadis Riwayat Imam Ibnu Majah dalam Sunannya, Kitab Iqaamatush Shalaah was Sunnah Fiiha, no: 1258.

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