...Issues in Multicultural Education As we enter the second decade of the 21st century there are new, recurring, and emerging threats to multicultural education as a social justice movement in NC schools and communities. Multicultural education issues in NC have been the subject of discussion throughout multiples universities and political groups all around the entire state. The state of public education is necessary to the extended discourse around international and intercultural education. Students’ experiences during the elementary and secondary years have important implications for their citizenship in a globally interactive world. Some schools of education have acknowledged the urgency for developing culturally competent teachers, while others grapple with ways to fit appropriate programs into their curriculum. University of North Carolina in Greensboro has a study with teachers over the past decade. The goal of this research is to help teachers—especially new or preserves teachers and those who implement multicultural science education because of district mandates or changing classroom demographics—understand the importance of multicultural science education and to provide teachers with a list of resources they can refer to for additional information and activity ideas. East Carolina University’s teacher preparation program at the beginning of 2007 consisted of using eight key questions to guide their inquiry of how ECU’s teacher preparation program relates to multicultural...
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...Issues in Multicultural Education Effective instructors must understand the issues that impact multicultural education in the United States. The significance of providing an eminence instruction in an unbiased approach to all of their students is essential. The tide of demographic changes in the United States has affected most classrooms in our schools. As a result, some classroom teachers realize they must quickly acquire a comprehensive understanding of ethnic, cultural, and social-class diversity present in today’s schools. Otherwise, these teachers will face difficulty in classrooms comprised of fifty-one percent minority students. (Texas Education Agency, 1993) Nonetheless, traditional teachers with no experience in multicultural education training is a significant issue in Texas. Dayton Independent School District’s mission statement states, The mission of Dayton Independent School District is to educate all students to the maximum extent of their abilities and to challenge them to excel in a changing world. The fundamental purpose of Dayton Independent School District is to develop in all students the essential academic skills and knowledge of which to build lifetime learning. All students are taught a core curriculum of English Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, Fine Arts, Health, Physical Education and Technological Literacy. All students will be expected to acquire a knowledge of citizenship and economic responsibilities and an appreciation of...
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...Multicultural Psychology Multicultural Psychology Psychology is the organized study of behavior, thoughts and affects. Multicultural Psychology is a branch of the many different areas of psychology that analyzes the effects of culture on the feelings, behaviors, and thoughts of individuals. Culture is defined as a group of people characterized by shared values, customs, and behaviors. In this country there is emphasis placed on different racial groups, inter-marriage, minority adoptions and numerous other areas. According to “What is Multicultural Psychology” (n.d.), multicultural psychology differentiates between a narrow definition of culture which is limited to race, ethnicity, and nationality. The broad definition of culture includes any or all important and meaningful ways to identify individuals or groups. Multicultural psychology is needed because this country is so diverse where people of different backgrounds will always encounter one another. History The field of multicultural psychology has a long and complex history. Studies recognized the large cultural and social change in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as new immigrants, new women, and racial minorities strived for equality and social justice (Oliver, 2010). Psychologist conduct studies on human issues that begin before birth, and continue through the end of life. Multicultural psychology evolved primarily from clinical and counseling psychology. It evolved through...
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...Multicultural Education Multicultural education has been a buzz word in the academia field since the 1960s. Throughout the years, this facet has been at the forefront of educational reform. In the beginning stages, the change needed for multicultural education consisted of minorities assimilating to American “culture”. Banks made it clear to point out that “46% of the school population by 2020 would be non-white" (Banks,2001;Neito,2000) This cultural boom is nothing that cannot be ignored and must be embraced by all especially within the teaching profession. As America makes strides toward a cultural melting pot, education is one factor that needs to develop along with it. Progress in education depends on the quality of teachers. With the constant changing demographics in the United States it has become important to realize that it was not the minorities who needed to adapt, but the teachers. Classrooms today are becoming increasingly diverse. This growing diversity has caused a myriad of challenges for the practicing teacher. This increased diversity has presented challenges for the practicing teacher, and while there has been an immense effort to provide these teachers with professional development to meet this challenge, many issues still exists. It became evident that preparing teachers for this change was of extreme importance. In turn, the awareness to prepare pre-service teachers for multicultural education has become a main focal point of this reform. Works Cited...
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...Importance of Including Multicultural Education in The US Curriculum Introduction The world is going through a cultural shift. According to the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (1998), one of every three students enrolled in elementary and secondary schools today is of racial/ethnic minority background. Demographers predict that by 2020, student of color will make up about 46% of the student population in America. (Banks and Banks, 1997). This shows the growing rate of cultural diversity in the United States. The growing cultural shift will not only impact the nation, but will also impact the education system of the US. To accommodate this change America needs to incorporate multicultural education into its schools’ curriculums. In opposition to the diversely growing student population, the teacher population in the United States is highly homogeneous. A typical American teacher would be a white woman, according to Hadaway the current teaching force is 90% Anglo, and the face of the future teaching population does not currently appear to be changing (Hadaway, 1993). So to deal with the increasing cultural student body we need to prepare the teachers and train them properly. While training the teachers we need to prioritize in helping them gain the skills, knowledge, and outlook on how to deal with a culturally diverse student body. We need to prepare them on how to effectively teach students from different backgrounds, regardless of race. While most...
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...Running Head: Multicultural Education and the Various Challenges Multicultural Education and the Various Challenges Oletha Y. Mask-York Grand Canyon University EDU 230, Cultural Diversity in the Classroom April 29, 2012 Issues within Multicultural Education As an educator I realize that teaching can be challenging. It requires one to be dedicated to self and the population they serve. It can be exciting or boring. It is how you approach this profession that makes a difference. Teachers have to look into themselves and critique their beliefs and values about the prejudices of the world we live in. Can they open their minds and hearts to a world that has so many different cultures that has breed so many children? These children can have learning disabilities, mental or physical disabilities, or be English Language learners. It is left up to us to follow a curriculum that is exceptional to the needs of all children and it can be challenging. Some critics of multicultural education oppose teaching about different cultures because they believe it will lead to numerous problems. They think it divides cultures and teaches students to think of themselves as being different from the rest of society. Some believe it does not allow students to express their individuality places too much emphasis on the diverse backgrounds. They think that educating students about the U.S. democracy it will focus on the origins of Europe. The belief is if people do not assimilate into the mainstream...
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...Issues in Multicultural Education: Funding for Cultural Enrichment Activities In America today we have a public school system that has many cultures involved. This can be a very beneficial thing for students but can also be a hindrance to those that are culturally diverse. One thing that can assist in breaking down these potential barriers would be cultural enrichment activities within the schools. Due to a lack of communal education, funding for cultural enrichment activities is little so that students are often deprived of the opportunity to truly experience multiculturalism. Cultural enrichment activities can consist of things like music, dance, food and language. This can happen through clubs, foreign language classes, music classes or events such as field trips or festivals that are centralized on embracing multiculturalism. In order to increase funding for multicultural activities within the schools, certain steps need to be made. First and foremost some causes to this dilemma need to be addressed. The community, especially one in disagreement between embracing a multicultural education (and not), has a large impact in what funds are provided and what they are put towards. Also, the ignorance of the community attributes to the lack of funding for something that is not entirely understood. If parents, teachers and local businesses understood not only the benefit but the need for cultural enrichment within the schools then more attention would be put towards making that...
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...According to a research done by Doepker (2015), there is a rising need to merge the provision of multicultural education with literacy education. Despite the use of multicultural reforms, some of the teachers have resisted changing their attitudes about the African American culture. According to Flower (2014), the use of iPad has made it easy for the teachers to carry out their teaching activities and that has made research process to be easy. That has reduced the gap existing in providing education to the black American children. According to Jones-Prather (2011), teachers should have effective personal characteristics in order to be able to provide effective education to the various students. According to Voight et al., (2015), Sanetti et al., (2014), Coker et al., (2016) and Yilmaz, F. (2016), racial ethnicity still exists in the special education schools and it has to be addressed through provision of multicultural education to the various students regardless of their ethnic and racial backgrounds. Review of Methodological Issues According to the various researchers used in coming up with the study, the generalization of the findings found in the research was limited, Hunters and Hayden (2014) research had a small sample size and it failed to address the nonverbal interactions as well as the verbal...
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...Multicultural education relates to education and instruction designed for the cultures of several different races in an educational system. This approach to teaching and learning is based upon consensus building, respect, and fostering cultural pluralism within racial societies. Multicultural education acknowledges and incorporates positive racial idiosyncrasies into classroom atmospheres. Generally speaking, multicultural education is predicated on the principle of educational equity for all students, regardless of culture, and it strives to remove barriers to educational opportunities and success for students from different cultural backgrounds. In practice, educators may modify or eliminate educational policies, programs, materials, lessons, and instructional practices that are either discriminatory toward or insufficiently inclusive of diverse cultural perspectives. Multicultural education also assumes that the ways in which students learn and think are deeply influenced by their cultural identity and heritage, and that to teach culturally diverse students effectively requires educational approaches that value and recognize their cultural backgrounds. In this way, multicultural education aims to improve the learning and success of all students, particularly students from cultural groups that have been historically underrepresented or that suffer from lower educational achievement and attainment. Instructionally, multicultural education may entail the use of texts, materials...
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...A Brief History of Multicultural Education by Paul C. Gorski, Hamline University and EdChange As conceptualizations of multicultural education evolve and diversify, it is important to revisit its historical foundation -- the roots from which it sprang. What did the earliest forms of multicultural education look like and what social conditions gave rise to them? What educational traditions and philosophies provided the framework for the development of multicultural education? How has multicultural education changed since its earliest conceptualization? The answers to these questions provide an important contextual grounding for understanding the various models of multicultural education evolving today. The historical roots of multicultural education lie in the civil rights movements of various historically oppressed groups. Many trace the history of multicultural education back to the social action of African Americans and other people of color who challenged discriminatory practices in public institutions during the civil rights struggles of the 1960s (Banks, 1989; Davidman & Davidman, 1997). Among those institutions specifically targeted were educational institutions, which were among the most oppressive and hostile to the ideals of racial equality. Activists, community leaders, and parents called for curricular reform and insisted on a reexamination of hiring practices. Both, they demanded, should be more consistent with the racial diversity in the country...
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... T H E D I T I O N An Introduction to Multicultural Education James A. Banks University of Washington, Seattle Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo ISBN 1-269-53060-7 An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Fifth Edition, by James A. Banks. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President/Editorial Director: Jeffery Johnston Executive Editor: Linda Bishop Editorial Assistant: Laura Marenghi Senior Marketing Manager: Darcy Betts Production Editor: Karen Mason Production Project Manager: Elizabeth Gale Napolitano Manager, Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Laura Gardner Cover Art: “Sea and Sky” (013) 2003 © Marvin Oliver Artist Full Service Project Manager: Niraj Bhatt, Aptara® , Inc. Composition: Aptara® , Inc. Printer/Binder/Cover Printer: Courier Westford Text Font: ITC Stone Serif Std 10/12 Text Credits: Page 11, Stiglitz excerpt: From Stiglitz, J.E. (2012). The price of inequality: How today’s divided society endangers our future. New York, NY: Norton; page 18, Morrison excerpt: Morrison, T. (2012). Home: A novel. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf; page 26, Goncalves e Sliva excerpt: Gonçalves e Sliva, P. B. (2004). Citizenship and education in Brazil: The contribution of Indian peoples and Blacks in the struggle...
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...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
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...communication in multicultural construction project teams: The case of Kenya and UK Volume 28, Issue 5, July 2010, Pages 449-460 E.G. Ochieng and A.D.F. Price Managing cross-cultural communication in multicultural construction project teams: The case of Kenya and UK Volume 28, Issue 5, July 2010, Pages 449-460 E.G. Ochieng and A.D.F. Price Being an architect and being from a different country (India), I could easily relate to the ‘Managing multicultural teams’ (Brett et all) article we discussed in the class. I got intrigued about the construction industry which is going multicultural these days and where effective coordination is crucial for success. While searching the internet, I came across this article which discusses the importance of understanding different culture and discusses how effective communication can be an important part in success of multicultural construction projects. And we all know that team coordination practices vary with national culture. Experts have warned that engineering education fails to prepare engineers for these differences. This paper discusses the cases of Project Managers of UK and Kenya through their 20 interviews (10 each from both the countries) and shows that communications within multicultural project environments can be effective when project managers demonstrate an awareness of cultural variation in terms of the body language and day to day routine. It shows that one of the critical components of building multicultural project teams...
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...Multiculturalism and Education Tracey M. Mills Liberty University HSER509 Dr. Kantz May 10, 2010 Abstract Research Paper There are so many definition and interpretation of multiculturalism. Rosa Carson states that multiculturalism is “a social and political movement and position that holds differences between individuals as groups to be a potential source of strength and renewal rather than strife” (Carson, R. 1999). This definition presents the foundational belief of pride, freedom, value, ideas that formed America. One of the most unique aspects of the United States is the diversity of its people. On the Statue of Liberty is engraved “give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breath free,” America has upheld through the mixture of people of different races, religions, and creeds. According to James Banks’s Introduction to Multicultural Education (Boston, 1999) shares that multicultural education consist of: equity pedagogy, empowerment, knowledge construction, content integration, and prejudice reduction. Equity pedagogy involves teachers modifying their teaching to facilitate the academic achievement of culturally diverse students (Tummala-Narra, P. 2009). There is an approach to teaching and learning that is based on conscious building, respect, and fostering cultural pluralism within racial societies. So why is the United States and most importantly the teachers in the classroom at odds with the idea of a multi-cultural and classroom...
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...Steven Pou Professor Malloy American Civilization 2 Term Paper 4/21/15 The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society Arthur M. Schlesinger, whose original name is Arthur Bancroft Schlesinger was born on October 17th in Columbus, Ohio, and died February 28th, 2007, in New York. He had graduated from Harvard University in 1938, and in 1940, Schlesinger was appointed a three fellowship at Harvard. This is derived from the society of fellows at Harvard University which gave Schlesinger the opportunity in the early stages of his scholarly career to pursue studies in any department, free from any formal requirement. This opportunity was only given to individuals who display exceptional ability, originality, resourcefulness, and academic achievement of the highest caliber. Unfortunately for Arthur, this opportunity was interrupted once the United States had made its entry into World War 2. When he failed his physical military examination he was appointed to the Office of War Information department, in which he served as an intelligence analyst from 1943 to 1945. In 1952 and 1956 he became a presidential speech writer to democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson the second. He had also served as an assistant and Court historian to President Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. He had also supported the presidential campaign for Kennedy which had ended when he was assassinated in Los Angeles. Arthur eventually returned to his teaching career in 1996 as a professor...
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