...Patriarchy and Women’s Reproduction The systems of male domination and female subordination have been a part of the history but these systems still continue to exist even today. The purpose of this paper is to explore how patriarchy controls women’s reproduction resulting in oppression and subordination of women. The paper argues that patriarchy controls women’s lives and their freedom by controlling their reproduction. The paper discusses the following aspects of this social issue: 1) why and how this social problem occurs, 2) the social process by which it is normalized or legitimized in our society, 3) analysis of new reproductive technologies from feminist perspective, and 4) some suggested solutions that would help to resolve this issue. Patriarchy has been defined as the system of male domination or the power relationships by which men dominate women or it is simply, the rule of men (Omvedt, ). It controls women and treats them as inferior to men. Shulamith Firestone argues that reproduction plays a central role in women’s subordination and it is the basis of women’s subordination by men (Walby, 1990). The conventional patriarchal notion of a family is composed of a husband as the bread-winner and the wife as the homemaker and this notion still runs in this contemporary society (Walby, 1990). In other words, women are associated with childbirths and child-rearing whereas men are the ones who financially support the family, meaning they are the ones who have authority...
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...Report 1 The social reproduction theory focuses on the schools effort to reproduce the existing social and economic inequalities. In regards to that it also “focuses on the state or society and its need for certain kinds of labor in a capitalist economy.” (Evans, pg. 138) This theory fails to address how they sort the students to the classes they belong in and how social inequality receives contribution from the school. Along with that, it doesn’t acknowledge human action and agency and ignores teaching, learning, curriculum enactment and student teacher interaction.” (Evans, pg. 173) I personally don’t like the fact how some children in the 9X group are academically able to do the same work as 9A children but aren’t put in there. They’re also not fought hard enough for but there are some teachers that did take that factor into consideration to try and help them. Many of the students that are in the 9X category are from not getting a high score on the CXC examination. Many of them also come from low socioeconomic families, to where the assumption is drawn that, tat is how the child may become. Teachers who taught 9X students put blame on the social status of living. Stated here, “They attributed the disruptiveness and restlessness of students mainly to their social background and to the communities in which they lived and secondarily to factors within the school, factors over which they as teachers exercised some control. Cultural Reproduction Theory addresses...
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...Posthumous Reproduction Part III Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare NRS-437-0500 Posthumous Reproduction Part III One of the most controversial topics is posthumous reproduction. Posthumous reproduction is the ability to conceive a child utilizing the sperm of a deceased donor (Hans, 2008). This raises numerous moral, ethical, and legal concerns. This paper will discuss the worldview and philosophy on posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR) of four different individuals: a healthcare colleague, hospital administrator, a friend, and a spiritual leader. Those interviewed were presented with the ethical dilemma on whether they agreed with the yellow group’s stance on supporting technology to create life posthumously with consent from the deceased spouse. The Healthcare Colleague The first interview was with a registered nurse, who was not in favor of using technology for posthumous reproduction. However, the nurse suggested that certain situations could change her view. She mentioned that as long as there was a written consent prior to the procedure then she would be in favor of posthumous conception. Evidence of the deceased’s agreement to reproduce posthumously appears to be the most influencing factor in shaping attitudes towards both the appropriateness and morality of PCP (Hans, 2008). During the interview, the registered nurse felt that healthcare professionals should think about the child’s interest in the future. ...
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...Ethical Implications of Assisted Reproduction The ethical implications of assisted reproduction are obvious. There is no doubt the process of assisted reproduction has caused more harm than good as massive killing of unwanted fertilized embryos are carried out during the process. Also some of the babies born through this process have some serious physical and genetic deformities that make some of their parents regret having them. Even a doctor once asserted that he did not get into assisted reproduction to help in creating severely damaged babies (Pence 88). This concern expressed by a physician shows how ethically horrendous assisted reproduction could be. Assisted reproduction has been a hotly debated issue in recent times mainly because of its ethical implications. Despite the ethical implications, assisted reproduction also has some moral, social, and religious concerns coupled with some psychological and biological or genetic implications both to the conceived embryos and their mothers. It is not an overstatement to adduce that there are disastrous health implications and consequences associated with assisted reproduction, which more often than not are overlooked by physicians and those desperate for children. There are three main types of assisted reproduction namely – artificial insemination, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), and surrogacy. The ethical concern of these procedures is that they are unnatural method of conception, creating life in the laboratory, and fertilizing...
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...Assisted Reproductive Techniques: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Introduction Gay rights have become a prevalent issue within the last decade. In the United States, gay marriage has been legalized in five states. With this has come a flurry of accompanying issues that must be addressed, this includes gay and lesbian fertility rights. Many gay and lesbian couples undergo assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) in order to have children. In the United States, fertility clinics are privatized, this means, among other things, that doctors have the right to pick and choose whom they take on as patients. There is no guarantee for gay couples seeking fertility treatment; many couples trying to have a baby are turned away based on how a doctor feels about same sex families. As it stands, no physician or hospital receiving government funding can discriminate against a patient based on his or her race, color, religion or national origin (Appel, 2006). It goes against the human rights of the potential patient to discriminate against them based on their sexual orientation. How do anti gay legislation further conceptualize the idea the nuclear family? Using a Symbolic Interactionist perspective, this paper looks at how gay and lesbian families use family symbols and rituals as strategies to negotiate family identity in interactions with families of origin, social network members, and community institutions, as well as challenge hetero-normative ideologies of family life. Context...
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...Financial Transactions theexpgroup.com ExPress Notes FIA FA1 Recording Financial Transactions Contents About ExPress Notes 1. Business transactions and documentation 7 2. Financial statements and their elements 12 3. Double entry bookkeeping: the debits and credits 18 4. Cash and bank 21 5. Sales and credit transactions 24 6. Purchases and credit transactions 29 7. Payroll 32 8. Page | 2 3 Control accounts and initial trial balance 34 © 2011 The ExP Group. Individuals may reproduce this material if it is for their own private study use only. Reproduction by any means for any other purpose is prohibited. These course materials are for educational purposes only and so are necessarily simplified and summarised. Always obtain expert advice on any specific issue. Refer to our full terms and conditions of use. No liability for damage arising from use of these notes will be accepted by the ExP Group. ExPress Notes FIA FA1 Recording Financial Transactions START About ExPress Notes We are very pleased that you have downloaded a copy of our ExPress notes for this paper. We expect that you are keen to get on with the job in hand, so we will keep the introduction brief. First, we would like to draw your attention to the terms and conditions of usage. It’s a condition of printing these notes that you agree to the terms and conditions of usage. These are available to view at www.theexpgroup...
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...decision making model would be the best approach. Systematically examining each of the five steps involved in this process. To be affective and accurate each step must be careful assessed for its pros and cons, and how it will overall influence the company. Step 1: Propose the problem as a question: Is this issue urgent, and if so how important is it to the overall benefit of the company? Step 2: Gather all relevant data, closely examine causative and effective options. Step 3: Weigh pros against cons of each option. Step 4: Chose and implement best choice. Step 5: Finally, present decisions in a comprehensive format, outlining outcomes to all relevant parties involved in the decision making process. First Alternative I chose to use a decision-making model to conclude and affirm my decision regarding the defective whistle. First choice, although less favorable but maintains the best interest of the company would be to hold the order and cancel shipments. Advantages of this choice are as follows: conservation of public image as well as prevention of any inhumane civil suits. The disadvantage would be the overall financial loss not only to remake these toys, but reproduction with new standards and new materials as well. Although this would cause a huge financial strain, protecting the reputation of the company while minimizing damage to human life if paramount over any profits gained from the defective products. Financial Impact The purpose...
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...Community resiliency has to do with how well a community can come back and repair itself from a large obstacle or an event that causes a change in the community. Apalachicola experienced this when the oysters began to get smaller in size and numbers. The change in size and population scared the public from eating seafood from the area while hurting business for oystermen. This caused the major economic industry in the area to go through a hardship. Coming back from that is what will measure how resilient of a community Apalachicola is. Climate variability (salinity changes), public perception of seafood from the area, and decrease in reproduction amongst oysters impacted the oyster industry in Apalachicola....
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...controversial arguments, ethical debates, and a constant clashing of varying perspectives and outlooks. This is especially relevant to posthumous reproduction, which has sparked many disputes in the global world. Even in our own social circles, the viewpoints on posthumous reproduction tend to be varied. Additionally, posthumous production raises many moral, legal, and ethical concerns. Currently, hospitals do not have a strong ethical stand on posthumous reproduction, but recently they have been forced to develop policies regarding consent, and other legal practices. The following are four interviews done by the writers’ involved four different individuals, a hospital administrator, spiritual leader, healthcare colleague, and a friend. The writers also came to a resolution of dilemma based on research. The information presented is based on the ethical dilemma of a child dying, the parents desire to harvest the child’s eggs for the opportunity to conceive another child or treat any potential genetic anomalies. One of the researchers interviewed the hospital administer where she works. Regarding "posthumous reproduction", the administrator stated that the hospital offers this advanced technology to spouses of patients who meet criteria. The administrator agreed that there is a lack of guidelines and policies related to posthumous reproduction. Answering to the researcher’s question on personal bias, her reply was she does not allow her personal opinion to interfere with her responsibilities...
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...Univerisity of phoenix | Reading Analysis | Feministic Theories | | Victoria Gomez | 7/27/2014 | PHI/105 | Feminism is a women's rights movement that focuses on political, social, and economic equality to men. Over the course of history, many great feminist philosophers have created theories of why women’s rights are as important to those of men. One particular feminist, Nancy Chodorow and her book The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender have brought the attention of gender identity roles of a man and a woman in the family and how they can be corrected. In Nancy Chodorow’s book The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender, she recognizes that the gender identity roles implied that the women were the primary caretaker of the family while males were the breadwinners. Nancy wanted to prove that this was not something that biological or intentional (Moore and Bruder, 2011, p. 437). Rather this issue was socially constructed by society standards. Daughters are raised by their mothers to nurture while men are raised to repress nurturing in order to prepare for a public working life. The key principles of feminism look into different theories of women’s rights. Socialist feminism combines Marxist principles and radical feminist perspectives. Marxist principles explain that children are prepared for their specific gender roles by how they were raised. Socialist related to radical’s concepts that...
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...the dominant ideology of upward mobility through education engenders negative social reproduction, which in some cases prescribes that one would be fated to become a future blue collar worker, much like one’s parents and peers. However, MacLeod also highlights the paradoxical discrepancy in the less than favorable outcomes of another group whose members do adhere to the dominant achievement ideology, The Brothers. MacLeod explains that, “If the Hallway Hangers [group of white boys] show that opting out of the contest is not a viable option, the Brothers [group of black boys] show that dutifully playing by the rules hardly guarantees success...
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...woman. In sum, marriage is acknowledged as a type of move in an individual's life. In this paper we will explore how the marriage practices are exhibited in the cultures of the African Zulu and Xhosa tribes and display how these cultures approach marriage in their culture today. Marriage is divided in understanding the diverse gatherings in unique districts of the world. It is moreover different according to signs of marriage like the Jewish, the Muslim, the Indian, Chinese and even the Xhosa. All these social affairs have different conventions and hold arranged levels concerning this basic practice. A couple of social events even have further divisions that label their rights and social orders penetrated in these administrations (Hetherington 2001). A few people see marriage as practicable, extending from exceptionally youthful ages, to the full grown adults. Customarily it is a transitional experience and viewed as a rite of passage. It is viewed as a method for reproduction, generally which is the greatest embodiment of marriage, and a type of renown and riches to have numerous kids. There are numerous conventional practices which are completed in different societies with a specific end goal; to give this the weight and the quality it holds in the two people who choose to enter into marriage. Marriage still holds its perspectives and responses over all levels, on the grounds that it is exceptionally critical both generally and currently. These practice demonstrations are presentations...
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...This document is for reference & educational purposes only. Reproduction or/and copying are not authorized. Any anti-plagiarism software will flag this document or its sections as unoriginal. Coping and Resiliency Skills in African American Urban Youths Introduction Growing up with a limited understanding of how to regulate emotions and cope in the face of ubiquitous urban blight, severe socio-economic hardship, and systemic racism is difficult for many urban youths. Resiliency is a term that is frequently associated with urban youths, especially if we consider the fact that according to the U.S. Census data in today’s America approximately one third of this population group lives in urban areas (Census, 2000). Given a steady increase in the numbers of low-income children living in urban areas, efforts to understand this particular phenomenon are critical. In this context, it is important not only to examine the negative (e.g.: drug abuse, violence, etc.) but also the positive self-regulatory skills (e.g.: athletics, education, creativity, dance, poetry, etc.), which urban youths employ as coping mechanisms. Another concomitant question that needs to be explored is how urban youth exercise positive self-regulatory skills under different circumstances and in specific contexts. This study specifically examined the phenomenon of coping and resiliency skills in African American urban youths growing up in the developmental contexts of various environmental stressors...
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...Media and Social Inequality The Media promotes and reproduces societal values and norms, establishing common meanings and understandings among groups and individuals. These common meanings are portrayed in the media and put forward by the dominant culture; and for this reason the patterns of inequality that benefit the dominant culture are produced and reproduced. The media today are not only entertaining the people but also favor the spreading of certain information. The different media thus convey the messages of the dominant culture and provide subcultures with justifications for these relations of ruling. These patterns of inequality can be interpreted through four major sociological angles: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and feminism. The term media is the plural of “medium” and is commonly found in association with the process of communication. “The mass media include newspapers, motion pictures, radio and television” (Curtis 304). These forms of communication have influenced in a greater scale society with the advance of technology in the last decades. The age of mass communication has made it possible for people to gain access to far more information than any society ever had. Information is indispensable to an advanced and complex civilization to the point of becoming a commodity for which individuals are willing to pay for. However, this commodity has not been a convenient tool when enhancing social values that promote social equality. In fact, it has...
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...Human cloning is the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a human embryo which has the potential to be implanted into a woman's uterus and develop into a child. http://search.proquest.com/docview/274730164?accountid=152046 Pro Con Intro. The debate is usually divided into two issues -- reproductive cloning (creating cloned human beings) and therapeutic cloning (creating cloned human embryos for research and destruction). For now, there is near-universal consensus that we should shun the first. The idea of mother-daughter twins or genetically-identical "daddy juniors" stirs horror in us. Our moral sense revolts at the prospect, because so many of our cherished principles would be violated: the principle that children should not be designed in advance; that newborns should be truly new, without the burden of a genetic identity already lived; that a society where cloning is easy (requiring a few cells from anywhere in the body) means anyone could be cloned without knowledge or consent; and that replacing lost loved ones with "copies" is an insult to the ones lost, since it denies the uniqueness and sacredness of their existence. For these reasons, Americans agree that human cloning should never happen -- not merely because the procedure is not yet "safe," but because it is wrong. http://search.proquest.com/docview/398885498?accountid=152046 Point 1 Many research advocates say that they, too, are against "reproductive cloning." But to protect their research,...
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