Technical and non-technical limitations of e-Commerce Lack of security, standardization, reliability | | 2. Insufficient communication bandwidth | The network experiences serious problems of traffic and lack of bandwidth because of the rapid increase of connected users. In addition, the multimedia applications and the booming needs for more entertaining, informative, educational and other content hinder quick access to the services provided through the Internet. In real life terms, this is similar to having to direct 100 trucks through a small road, which was initially designed for 20 passenger cars per minute.Even though the networking technologies are advancing fast, the need for bandwidth is increasing even faster and until this is handled, problems in the quality of services will remain. | 3. Difficulty in integrating e-Commerce infrastructure with current organizational IT systems | Many companies use IT systems, which are old (i.e. Legacy systems) and were developed to support different needs and different kinds of software and applications. These systems contain valuable business information but have to be integrated with the new ones; in many occasions this is extremely difficult. When it comes to full integration with back-office operations, for example, the cost of integrating legacy systems with modern ones may be greater than that of actually scraping them. | 4. Not all customers have access to the Internet | Several countries like the Scandinavian countries or the USA have a penetration of the Internet reaching 35-50%. But in most of the other countries (even in western European ones) Internet users reach much smaller numbers. If people don't have access to the Internet, then much of the effort made does not actually reach the consumer. Still this is expected to change soon as the number of connected users is increasing dramatically. | 5. Extra cost needed for infrastructure | Although companies comprehend the importance of e-Commerce in the modern business environment, the investment in infrastructure is a factor that needs to be agreed and realised. |

1. Effects and impacts of e-Commerce are not yet fully studied and documented. | The e-Commerce environment is a rapidly changing field and up to now only speculations concerning its success have been made. There have been successful examples but it is only now that we are entering the maturity stage and realizing its implications. A lot of organisations are waiting for the situation to stabilize before conducting e-Commerce transactions or engaging in e-Commerce activities. | 2. Several unresolved legal and regulatory issues exist. | International and national laws are slowly adjusting to the changes caused by the appearance of this new kind of commerce. Issues like taxation, ownership and ethics on the net need to be addressed. For example, in the case of a company like amazon.com ( www.amazon.com ), there might not be a clear picture of legal responsibility, as the particular company has offices in the United States, warehouses in Asia, the transaction is paid by a bank in Australia etc. | 3. Privacy issues have arisen. | Many people are willing to offer some of their personal data in order to have more personalized services. Still, with all the modern technologies and software applications on the one side, and the lack of technical expertise and awareness on the other side, the thin line of privacy may be crossed. | 4. People resist to change and are not used to faceless / paperless / non-physical transactions | Most consumers are used to conducting "look and feel" transactions. They are used to touching and examining the product they want to buy. Also the face-to-face contact is very important in business deals and transactions since it is related to trust. But in the new environment of faceless transactions, the concept of trust has to be reconsidered. | 5. People feel that there is a lot of exaggeration and are cautious. | People feel that there is a lot of enthusiasm but there is undocumented evidence and lack of real and concrete results. | People feel that transactions are de-humanized and that personal, social contacts will be reduced. |

What is a sniffer? What are the uses of sniffer? Describe the technologies and tools which are used to provide security with the relevant details.
Sniffer
In common industry usage, a sniffer (with lower case "s") is a program that monitors and analyzes network traffic, detecting bottlenecks and problems. Using this information, a network manager can keep traffic flowing efficiently.