...Chapter 2 BASIC ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS: THE BALANCE SHEET Changes from Eleventh Edition The Chapter has been updated. Approach It is helpful if students understand from the outset that financial accounting is being discussed in two cycles. In the first cycle, Chapters 2 through 4, we go through the entire accounting process quickly, to establish an overview. We then go through the process a second time, in Chapters 5 through 14, and go into the same topics in much greater depth. Thus, students should not be concerned if they do not understand all the fine points in Chapters 2-4, for these will be discussed again in subsequent chapters. Neither should they be permitted to belabor questions that involve fine distinctions; the objective here is to get the broad, overall picture. Our experience invariably has been that beginning students find the introduction to accounting quite confusing. Although they may be able to do the work assigned each day, they are unable to visualize the whole structure of accounts. This leads to a feeling of frustration that may last several weeks. Then, all of a sudden, the pieces fall into place. From that time forward they have no special trouble and can fit each new concept into its proper place without difficulty. Usually, the “great awakening” comes by Chapter 6, but it may not come until even later. We do not know of any way of eliminating this initial frustration. We go through the text briefly, mostly to encourage questions that...
Words: 4403 - Pages: 18
...Chapter 2 BASIC ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS: THE BALANCE SHEET Changes from Tenth Edition The Chapter has been updated. Approach It is helpful if students understand from the outset that financial accounting is being discussed in two cycles. In the first cycle, Chapters 2 through 4, we go through the entire accounting process quickly, to establish an overview. We then go through the process a second time, in Chapters 5 through 14, and go into the same topics in much greater depth. Thus, students should not be concerned if they do not understand all the fine points in Chapters 2-4, for these will be discussed again in subsequent chapters. Neither should they be permitted to belabor questions that involve fine distinctions; the objective here is to get the broad, overall picture. Our experience invariably has been that beginning students find the introduction to accounting quite confusing. Although they may be able to do the work assigned each day, they are unable to visualize the whole structure of accounts. This leads to a feeling of frustration that may last several weeks. Then, all of a sudden, the pieces fall into place. From that time forward they have no special trouble and can fit each new concept into its proper place without difficulty. Usually, the “great awakening” comes by Chapter 6, but it may not come until even later. We do not know of any way of eliminating this initial frustration. We go through the text briefly, mostly to encourage questions that will...
Words: 4442 - Pages: 18
...______________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A Note on Using This Publication 1 What's in This for You? 1 Why Are You in Business? 1 What Business Are You In? 1 MARKETING Where Is Your Market? 2 Advertising 2 Competition 3 Sales Strategy 3 PLANNING THE WORK 4 GETTING THE WORK DONE Personnel Requirements 7 Equipment Requirements 7 PUT YOUR PLAN INTO DOLLARS Expenses 8 Matching Money and Expenses 8 Is Additional Money Needed? 8 CONTROL AND FEEDBACK 9 IS YOUR PLAN WORKABLE? 9 IMPLEMENTING YOUR PLAN 9 KEEPING YOUR PLAN CURRENT 10 APPENDIXES A. Income Projection Statement 11 B. Cash Flow Projection Construction Firms 15 C. Balance Sheet 17 D. How to Write a Business Plan 21 E. Information Resources 25 ______________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION A business plan can provide you, the owner-manager or prospective owner-manager of a small construction firm, with a pathway to profit. This publication is designed to help you develop a business plan. In building a pathway to profit you need to consider the following questions: What business am I in? What do I sell? Where is my market? Who will buy? Who is my competition? What is my sales strategy? How much...
Words: 9285 - Pages: 38
...Ethics, Business Entities, Financial Statements Accounting for Transactions –Part 1 Accounting for Transactions –Part 2 Accounting for Adjustments- Part 1 Accounting for Adjustments- Part 2 Completion of Accounting Cycle Accounting Systems Revision Chapters 1 - 4 Accounting for Retailers Accounting for Inventories Non-Current Assets Cash Management and Control Accounting for Receivables Tutorial Exercises Lecture Notes Week 1 Introduction to Accounting, Ethics, Business Entities, Financial Statements Required Readings: HEM: Chapters 1 and 2 All required readings must be completed before attending class What is Accounting? The process of identifying, measuring, recording and communicating economic information to assist users to make economic decisions. Users of Accounting Information The users are internal and external decision makers. Internal: owner and manager External: investors, creditors, banks and government Management Accounting Providing information to management to help them plan, control and make decisions. Users are internal. Financial Accounting Reporting information about the entity’s performance and financial position to external users to help them make decisions. The financial statements produced for the external users are known as General Purpose Financial Reports (GPFR) and include: Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Changes in Equity Statement of Cash Flows (not covered in Accounting 1A) The information in the GPFR must abide by accounting...
Words: 13228 - Pages: 53
...Q4-2. The balance sheet is a statement of financial position; the income statement is a statement of activity. The income statement is complementary to the balance sheet, accounting in particular for the change in the proprietary equity as a result of operations during the year. In that respect, the income statement is essentially nothing more than a major section of the retained earnings account. Therefore, the revenue and expense accounts in the income statement have been termed “explanatory” accounts, explaining the ebb and flow of revenues and expenses that lead to the new income (or loss) and to the new retained earnings balance in the balance sheet. Q4-3. The ordinary balance sheet and income statement are intended to provide information as to financial position and results of operation of a business, in accordance with several assumptons that are made in preparing the statements. From the standpoint of the criticisms made, the most important of these assumptions are that cost less appropriate amortization of cost measures unexpired cost, and that a business may be assumed to be going to continue operations indefinitely into the future. Accounting statements are usually prepared on the theory that a sale or some other definite event is essential before revenue is recognized. Basically, the asset side of a balance sheet contains a presentation of the amounts of cost incurred, which can be presumed to benefit future periods. An income statement presents...
Words: 4128 - Pages: 17
...jktuhfr foKku Copyright © 2004, Maharshi Dayanand University, ROHTAK All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright holder. Maharshi Dayanand University ROHTAK – 124 001 Developed & Produced by EXCEL BOOKS PVT. LTD., A-45 Naraina, Phase 1, New Delhi-110028 Qklhokn 3 Contents Chapter 1 Accounting-An Intoduction Chapter 2 The History and Evolution of Accounting Thoughts 23 Chapter 3 Approaches to Accounting Theory 56 Chapter 4 Accounting Postulates, Concepts and Principles 88 Chapter 5 Income Concepts 107 Chapter 6 Revenues, Expenses, Gains and Losses 139 Chapter 7 Valuation of Assets 158 Chapter 8 Liabilities and Equity 177 Chapter 9 Depreciation Accounting and Policy 192 Chapter 10 Inventories and their Valuation 238 Chapter 11 Financial Reporting 277 Chapter 12 Specific Issues in Corporate Reporting 302 Chapter 13 Harmonization of Financial Reporting 323 Chapter 14 Accounting for Price Level Changes 339 Chapter 15 Human Resource Accounting 397 Chapter 16 Financial Engineering: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Risk-Return Management 421 Chapter 17 Accounting Standards 429 Chapter 18 Elementary Knowledge of Indian...
Words: 237072 - Pages: 949
... Keywords 1.10 Self assessment questions 1.11 Suggested readings 1.0 OBJECTIVES After going through this lesson, the learners will be able to • Know the meaning and acquisition. 1 advantages of merger and • Understand the financial evaluation of a merger and acquisition. • Elaborate the financing techniques of merger and acquisition. • Understand regulations and SEBI guidelines regarding merger and acquisition. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Wealth maximisation is the main objective of financial management and growth is essential for increasing the wealth of equity shareholders. The growth can be achieved through expanding its existing markets or entering in new markets. A company can expand/diversify its business internally or externally which can also be known as internal growth and external growth. Internal growth requires that the company increase its operating facilities i.e. marketing, human resources, manufacturing, research, IT etc. which requires huge amount of funds. Besides a huge amount of funds, internal growth also require time. Thus, lack of...
Words: 33705 - Pages: 135
...Question 1. How does the theory of the firm provide an integrated framework for the analysis of managerial decision making across the functional areas of business? Discuss. Answer. Contribution of theories of the firm to the concept of the business model The advantage of the Chesbrough and Rosenbloom approach to the business model concept is that its functions or components provide a comprehensive structure by which to analyse different sources of value in firms. Compared for instance with Amit and Zott’s (2001) approach its functions or components are generic, rather than specific sources of value for a particular type of business. However the Chesbrough and Rosenbloom business model is still more of a framework than a theory (Teece 2006). By itself is does not enable predictions to be made of the behaviour of firms, although it has attempted to identify the key factors that may make such predictions possible. At the same time there are theoretical underpinnings that could be incorporated into many of the components of the business model to increase its capacity to be used as a predictive model. As with Amit and Zott’s (2001) development of the business model, this analysis suggests that there is no single applicable theoretical framework, but that an integration of the various theoretical frameworks is useful in examining the value creation potential of the firm’s business model. The approach adopted here is to enrich the concept of the business model with the various...
Words: 9884 - Pages: 40
...Santander UK plc 2011 Half Yearly Financial Report Intentionally left blank Santander UK plc Half Yearly Financial Report for the six months ended 30 June 2011 Contents Chief Executive Officer’s Review and Forward-looking Statements Chief Executive Officer’s Review 2 Forward-looking Statements 5 General Information 5 Business and Financial Review – Interim Management Report Business Review - Summary 6 Business Review – Divisional Results 9 Other Material Items 18 Balance Sheet Business Review 20 Risk Management 39 Principal Risks and Uncertainties 110 Related Party Transactions 111 Gender Diversity 111 Board of Directors 111 Financial Statements Independent Review Report to Santander UK plc 112 Primary Financial Statements 113 Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements 117 Shareholder Information Risk Factors 152 Glossary of Financial Services Industry Terms 163 Directors’ Responsibility Statement 177 1 Business Review and Forward-looking Statements Chief Executive Officer’s Review Overview Santander UK has delivered profit in the first six months of 2011 maintaining its strong track record of profitability and balance sheet strength. In line with other UK banks, a further provision for payment protection insurance remediation has also been made, resulting in statutory profit after tax attributable to equity shareholders declining by 51% to £413m. Santander UK’s trading profit before tax was £1,142m, 2% lower than the first half of 2010, impacted...
Words: 107007 - Pages: 429
...Cash Flow Forecasting Essential Capital Markets Books in the series: Cash Flow Forecasting Corporate Valuation Credit Risk Management Finance of International Trade Mergers and Acquisitions Portfolio Management in Practice Introduction to Project Finance Syndicated Lending Cash Flow Forecasting Edited by Andrew Fight A MSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD P ARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2006 Copyright © 2006, Andrew Fight. All rights reserved. Note The materials contained in this book remain the copyrighted intellectual property of Andrew Fight, are destined for use in his consulting activities, and are to be clearly identified as copyrighted to him. Andrew Fight has asserted his right under the Copyrights, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, to be identified as author of this work, and confirms that he retains ownership of the intellectual property and rights to use these materials in his training courses and consulting activities. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission...
Words: 70546 - Pages: 283
...Deutsche Brauerei Teaching Note Synopsis and Objectives Suggested complementary cases regarding working-capital management and financial forecasting: “Kota Fibres,” (Case 10); “ServerVault,” (UVA-F-1304); and “Body Shop International 2001,” (Case 8). Cases regarding setting financial policy: “Gainesboro Machine Tools Corp.,” (Case 26); “Rosario Acero S.A.,” (UVA-F-1211). A newly-appointed director of a small German beer brewer must prepare to vote on three issues coming before the board of directors the next day: (1) approval of the financial plan for 2001, (2) declaration of the quarterly dividend, and (3) adoption of an incentive compensation plan for the marketing manager. The student’s task is to evaluate the past and prospective financial performance of the company and to critique its liberal credit and inventory policies. The objectives of the case are to: • Introduce and exercise tools and concepts of financial-statement analysis (including financial ratios, break-even analysis, and cash-flow statements). • Explore possible definitions of the “financial health” of a company. • Illustrate the linkage between operating policies and financial performance. • Consider the interdependence among corporate objectives regarding growth, dividends, and debt financing. • Explore the linkage between compensation incentives and financial performance. In this case, the marketing manager is motivated to build sales volume, which he accomplishes...
Words: 6121 - Pages: 25
...Corporate InformatIon Board of directors Mr. Mahesh r. shetty - Chairman and Managing Director Mr. Naarayanan iyer - Non-Independent, Non-Executive Director dr. chhaya shastri - Non-Independent, Non-Executive Director Mr. cyrus driver - Independent, Non-Executive Director* Ms. drushti desai - Independent, Non-Executive Director Mr. Yatin samant - Independent, Non-Executive Director Mr. Uday Lajmi - Independent, Non-Executive Director * Resigned w.e.f. 17 June, 2013 Ms. Drushti Desai (Chairperson) Mr. Uday Lajmi Dr. Chhaya Shastri Board coMMittees audit committee remuneration committee Mr. Cyrus Driver (Chairman)* Mr. Uday Lajmi Mr. Yatin Samant Grievances committee Mr. Yatin Samant (Chairman) Ms. Drushti Desai Dr. Chhaya Shastri shareholders’ and investors’ Mr. Ashwin M. Patel company secretary & Compliance Officer * Resigned w.e.f. 17 June, 2013 BaNkers Citi Bank NA Axis Bank Limited The Shamrao Vitthal Co-operative Bank Limited Chartered Accountants 1/74, Krishna Kunj, R. A. Kidwai Road, King’s Circle, Matunga (C. Rly.), Mumbai - 400 019 statUtorY aUditors shaparia & Mehta iNterNaL aUditors Mukund N. chitale & co. Chartered Accountants 204-205 - A Agrawal Shyamkamal, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai - 400 057 reGistered office 220, 2nd Floor, ‘‘FLYING COLORS’’, Pandit Din Dayal Upadhyay Marg, L.B.S Cross Road, Mulund (West), Mumbai - 400 080 Tel No. (022) 2593 7700 / 800 / 900 Fax No.(022) 2593 7799 Email : info@mteducare.com reGistrar...
Words: 40793 - Pages: 164
...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 2. CHAPTER 1 --- What is the Business Combination --- ………………………………….……4 3.1. Accounting For Business Combination General Approach…………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 3.2. Accounting For Business Combination Calculate………………………….………6-7 3. CHAPTER 2 --- What is the Business Merger and Acquisition ---……………………………8 3.1. Types of Merger………………………………………………………………………………………..9 3.2. Purpose of Merger and Acquisition……………………………………………………..9-10 3.3. The Process of Merger and Acquisition with Reference to an Organization…………………………………….………………………………………………………………...10 3.4. Stage of Integration……………………………………...………..…..11-12-13 4. CHAPTER 3 --- What is the Business Consolidation…….…..…………………………………..14 4.1. Significance of Consolidation……….…………………...…………………………………….14 4.2. Function of Consolidation…………….………………………………………………………….14 4.3. Effects of Consolidation…….…………………………………………………………………….15 5. CHAPTER 4 --- What is the Business Goodwill…………………….……………………………….15 5.1. What Creates Business Goodwill……………………………….……………………….……15 5.2. Types of Business Goodwill……………………………………………….……………….……16 5.3. Accounting View of Business Goodwill…………………………………………….….….16 5.4. Economic View of Business Goodwill……………………………………………….….….16 5.5. How Business Goodwill is Determined…………………..……………………….….17-18 5.6. How Do You Calculate Goodwill in Accounting?............................18-19-20 ...
Words: 6516 - Pages: 27
...an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Input-Output Analysis: An Appraisal Volume Author/Editor: Volume Publisher: Princeton University Press Volume ISBN: 0-870-14173-2 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/unkn55-2 Publication Date: 1955 Chapter Title: Interindustry Economics and National Income Theory Chapter Author: Herman Liebling Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c2870 Chapter pages in book: (p. 291 - 320) Interindustry Economics and National Income Theory HERMAN I. LIEBLING DIVISION OF INTERINDUSTEY ECONOMICS, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS A. Frameworks of Comparison Within the limits of the broad concepts underlying interindustry and national income accounting, the substance of this paper deals with, first, criteria of social accounting and, second, differences in analytic approach required by the specialized structure of differently composed social accounting systems. A pattern of interindustry flows of goods and services may, of course, be developed independently of considerations of social accounting or of measures of output for the economy—the two objectives of the national income system. This paper, however, seeks to evaluate the two systems of accounts, in the light of the considerations noted above, in terms of (1) similarities and differences between types of activities and transactions included, (2) the relationship of the respective sector accounts, and (3) the types of analysis for which each is comparatively...
Words: 11416 - Pages: 46
...Accounting for non-accounting students eighth edition John R. Dyson ACCOUNTING FOR NON-ACCOUNTING STUDENTS Visit the Accounting for Non-Accounting Students, eighth edition Companion Website at www.pearsoned.co.uk/dyson to find valuable student learning material including: G G G G Multiple choice questions to help test your learning Extra question material Links to relevant sites on the web Glossary explaining key terms mentioned in the book We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in Accounting, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ACCOUNTING FOR NON-ACCOUNTING STUDENTS Eighth Edition John R. Dyson Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First edition published in Great Britain under the Pitman Publishing imprint in 1987 Second edition 1991 Third edition 1994 Fourth edition published under the Financial Times Pitman Publishing imprint in 1997 Fifth edition 2001 Sixth edition 2004 Seventh edition 2007 Eighth...
Words: 200572 - Pages: 803
