Premium Essay

It for Managers

In:

Submitted By Sagara
Words 3631
Pages 15
Rule-based Expert Systems
Artificial Intelligence
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management
Cheng Shiu University
Outline
* Problem solving * Knowledge based problem solving * Expert Systems * Expert System Development team * Structures of Rule-based ES * Reasoning * Examples of Rule-based ES * Advantages/Disadvantages of Rule-based ES
Problem Solving Procedures * Defining and Representing the Problem * Descriptions of Problem Solving * Selecting Some Suitable Solving Methods * Finding Several Possible Solutions * Choosing One Feasible Solution to Make a Decision
Defining and Representing the Problem * State space: The combination of the initial state and the set of operators make up the state space of the problem. * Initiate state: The original state of the problem. * Operators: used to modify the current state, thereby creating a new state. * Path: The sequence of states produced by the valid application of operators from an old state to a new state is called the path. * Goal state: A state fit to the searching objective is called the goal state.
Knowledge representation * Represent and manipulate the domain knowledge * Knowledge Definition * Knowledge Storing * Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Definition * “The fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association.” (Webster’s Dictionary, 1988)(Knowing something via seeing, hearing, touching, feeling, and tasting.) * “The fact or condition of being aware of something” .(Ex. Sun is hot, balls are round, sky is blue,…)
Knowledge
* Knowledge is a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject or a domain. * Knowledge is the sum of what is currently known, and apparently knowledge is power.
Knowledge Storing * Natural language for people

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Manager

...There is the age old question of what is the difference between a manager and a leader? Most people will say that you can’t be a manager without being a leader. In this paper, I will discuss in detail, what is it that leaders and managers do, can leaders and managers be one in the same, as well as, explain the difference between managers and leaders. Most successful businesses usually consisted of a team of successful managers. Note that in order to be a manager it does not require a person to be a leader. Managers often ask your "how" and "who" questions in an organization. Managers are about appealing to the head through planning, organization, controlling, and directing. Managers generally have a formal title in an organization and they thus have formal organizational power. (Tanner, 2009) There are some people out there with the title of manager who do not have anyone who work for him or her. They simple manage things like accounts, property, or supplies. They are totally successful at doing their job without showing any signs of leadership. Also, a manager can obtained his position of authority through time and loyalty given to the company, not as a result of his leadership qualities. According to the text, there are several different examples of managers. For instance, managers are concern with how to get things done and try to get people to perform better. Another example, managers value stability, order, and efficiency, and they are impersonal, risk adverse and focus...

Words: 278 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Manager

...Governance 23 Legal and Regulatory Requirements: 23 Compensation Plans: 24 Board of Directors: 24 Monitoring: 25 Takeovers: 25 Shareholder Pressure: 25 OECD Definition of Corporate Governance: "OECD defines corporate governance as follows: “Procedures and processes according to which an organisation is directed and controlled. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among the different participants in the organisation – such as the board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders – and lays down the rules and procedures for decision-making."  Financial Times Definition of Corporate Governance: "How a company is managed in terms of the institutional systems and protocols meant to ensure accountability and sound ethics. The concept encompasses a variety of issues, including the disclosure of information to shareholders and board members, the remuneration of senior executives, potential conflicts of interest among managers and directors, supervisory structures, etc." Cadbury Report Definition of...

Words: 8078 - Pages: 33

Premium Essay

Managers

...The “Top Managers” Evidence Requirements in the Investors in People Profile The following table sets out the evidence requirements, drawn from the Profile version of the Standard that an assessor would check out with an organisation’s top managers. However, only level 1 needs to be covered to meet the requirements of the Investors in People standard. |Principle 1. Developing strategies to improve the performance of the organisation | | | |Indicator 1. A strategy for improving the performance of the organisation is clearly defined and understood. | |Level |Evidence requirements | |1 |1 Top managers make sure the organisation has a clear purpose and vision supported by a strategy for improving its performance. | | |2 Top managers make sure the organisation has a business...

Words: 1661 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Managers

...idea had a future is when true managers come into play. A manager in today's world can range from 18 to 80. They run anything from a corner shop to fortune 500 companies. They are found almost everywhere in everyday life for e.g. Government departments and schools. The name manager is so diverse, they can be found in every country on the globe. There are three types of managers, the first line managers, middle managers and top managers. In today's world managers are not limited to men but women as well are contributing, even though the number of women managers are growing in the first line and middle managers, according to www.catalystwomen.org only 11% of the U.S fortune 500 companies are led by women and that figure drops considerably to 5% in the positions of Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and executive Vice President. In the U.S many companies are taking the steps to recognise the "woman  as a manager and give them the praise that they deserve. Some of these companies are Southwest Airlines, Avon, Hewlett Packard, Kraft foods and Xerox. I would now explain the different types of managers but first a quote from Mary Parker Follett "management is the art of getting things done through other people.  First level managers: these are managers at the lowest level, just above non managers; they direct the activities of the employees for e.g. a foreman on a building site. Middle management: these are managers who occupy the space on an organisation...

Words: 649 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Manager

...Expert Reference Series of White Papers Tips and Techniques to ® Pass the PMP Exam 1-800-COURSESwww.globalknowledge.com Tips and Techniques to Pass the PMP® Exam Dan Stober, PMP Introduction Passing the Project Management Professional (PMP)® certification exam can seem like a daunting task when project managers first decide to take the leap. Just like a project management plan, if you carefully map out your study plan, you will be successful. You must understand several key concepts, be intimately familiar with the five process groups and ten knowledge areas, understand project management terminology, and learn to think like PMI. It is also important to set study goals, create a schedule for success, and commit fully to passing the exam in order to obtain your PMP® credential. Following the best practices outlined here can put you on the road to certification and will have you prepared for your PMP® Boot Camp. Everything that you need to understand prior to Boot Camp is listed here. Terminology There is a large volume of terminology associated with project management, but there are some key terms that you must be aware of as you are preparing for your exam. Learning these terms before your PMP® Boot Camp will have you ahead of the game and not playing catch-up (these definitions are not taken word for word from the PMBOK Guide®, 5th Edition): Analogous Estimating: Estimating based on a previous, similar activity or project. Think of it as making...

Words: 5329 - Pages: 22

Premium Essay

Manager

...A business manager is a person who drives the work of others in order to run a major business efficiently and make a large profit. He or she should have working knowledge of the following areas, and may be a specialist in one or more: sales, marketing, and public relations; research, operations analysis, data processing, mathematics, statistics, and economics; production; finance; accounting, auditing, tax, and budgeting; purchasing; and personnel.[citation needed] Other technical areas in which a business manager may have expertise are law, science, and computer programming.[citation needed] In many businesses, the role of business manager may grow out of a small business-owner's desire to shed some of the multiple roles mentioned above to focus on specific aspects of company expansion or market penetration. The business manager for a time may share duties with the owner, as the owner gains trust in the business manager. Ideally, the business manager and the owner work synergistically to ensure that the business of running a successful business is attended to. This can often be a process of the owner relinquishing the functions for which there is a comparative disadvantage for his or her continued involvement. In the context of the music industry, a business manager is a representative of musicians and/or recording artists, whose main job is to supervise their business affairs, and the proper handling of their financial matters. The role as it is understood today was largely...

Words: 357 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Manager

...A Good Manager A successful manager usually means a successful company, or store, or business. He or she must posses certain qualities in order to be successful. Some might consider the six most important qualities to be strong communication skills, flexibility, imagination, high level of energy, problem solving skills, and of course the desire to be a great manager. After we look at these must have qualities, we ask, does a great manager have to be born for the job. Clearly, some levels of natural or inherited factors are more or less apparent from one person to another, but there are also many qualities one learns or improves through education and experience. The first of the six elements for being a successful manager are strong communication/interpersonal skills. Strong communication skills are mostly acquired through life, social experience, school, sports teams, and so are mostly learned. Flexibility is also a learned trait, but it helps if a person is this way naturally - it is learned faster. Someone's imagination is an inherited trait, but it is fueled through life experiences. However an unimaginative person will usually stay that way more or less. High level of energy is also an inherited trait, but a manager can learn to be more energetic when needed. However, if he or she is not this way naturally, it may be stressful to pretend, which in turn may cause difficulty at the workplace. Problem solving skills are mostly a learned skill, and the higher the level of...

Words: 332 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Manager

...When using traditional marketing methods to understand consumer behavior, managers must consider “whether the participating groups are truly representative of the larger population, whether the answers given in these formats represent actual market behavior, (and) how to isolate the effects of different variables that influence demand” (Farnham, 2014, p. 93). The use of technology in marketing to expand the use of these traditional methods can create biases that may unduly influence manager decisions about consumer behavior. For example, a type of bias that can result from the use of technology is sampling bias. “A common cause of sampling bias lies in the design of the study or in the data collection procedure, both of which may favor or disfavor collecting data from certain classes or individuals or in certain conditions. Sampling bias is also particularly prominent whenever researchers adopt sampling strategies based on judgment or convenience, in which the criterion used to select samples is somehow related to the variables of interest” (Panzeri, Magri, and Carraro, 2008). A second type of bias that may result from the use of technology is response bias. “In survey sampling, response bias refers to the bias that results from problems in the measurement process. This bias may result from leading questions, in which the wording of the question may be loaded in some way to unduly favor one response over another, or social desirability, because most people like to present...

Words: 1029 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Manager

...the one minute manager: getting good results without taking much time, being efficient behave like one: set goals, give praise and reprimand behaviors, encourage people, speak the truth, laugh, work, enjoy one minute is a symbolic term, key elements could take longer autocratic manager: interested in results democratic manager: interested in people productivity: both quality and quantity, best results through people 3 SECRETS: one minute goals: - when you feel good produce good results manager spends time with employee at the beginning of new task or responsibility agree on your goals see what good behavior looks like in observable and measurable terms write out each of your goals on a single sheet using less than 250 words read and re read each goal which requires only an min or so each time take a min every once in a while out of day to look at your performance see whether or not your behavior matches your goal one minute praising: - motto: help people reach full potential, catch them doing something right - tell people upfront you are going to let them know how they are doing praise immediately makes brief contact, touch or shake in way to show clear support tell exactly what they did right shares with them how good you feel about what you did and how helps responds to where they are not just to where you is at the time encourage them to do more of the same one minute reprimands working long time and know how to do it well and make...

Words: 603 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Manager

... E-mail address: cherry7987@gmail.com Education: Beijing Wuzi University (financial accounting); Beijing Language and Culture University (English, bachelor degree) Certificates: Certificate of Accountant Professional Professional Title: Accountant Working Experience: July 2011 to Present Global Data Solution Services Co., Ltd Position: Senior Manager Principal responsibility & Key Areas: Preparing consolidation statement and MD&A for Mgt Meeting & BOD Meeting Working with external auditor, assessor, lawyer and following the outstanding list Assorting with other departments and designing the process of the revenue recognition and AR collection Beforehand controlling the items of purchases contracts and sales contracts, assuring correctness of cost, revenue and financial statement Assorting relation between company and tax bureau, preparing the memo of FIN48 Working as finance SVP assistant  October 2010 to June 2011 Beijing Top Grade Medical Equipment Co., Ltd Position: Senior Manager Principal responsibility & Key Areas: As coordinator to assort with audit for IPO in HK, and follow up audit schedule Assorting with other departments to complete Due Diligence of legal and finance Cooperating with each intermediary agencies, and completing Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) Providing consolidation report and various analyses report...

Words: 975 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Manager

...change management organizational and personal change management, process, plans, change management and business development tips Here are some rules for effective management of change. Managing organizational change will be more successful if you apply these simple principles. Achieving personal change will be more successful too if you use the same approach where relevant. Change management entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and above all, consultation with, and involvement of, the people affected by the changes. If you force change on people normally problems arise. Change must be realistic, achievable and measurable. These aspects are especially relevant to managing personal change. Before starting organizational change, ask yourself: What do we want to achieve with this change, why, and how will we know that the change has been achieved? Who is affected by this change, and how will they react to it? How much of this change can we achieve ourselves, and what parts of the change do we need help with? These aspects also relate strongly to the management of personal as well as organizational change. See also the modern principles which underpin successful change. Refer also to Psychological Contract theory, which helps explain the complex relationship between an organization and its employees. Do not 'sell' change to people as a way of accelerating 'agreement' and implementation. 'Selling' change to people is not a sustainable strategy for success,...

Words: 5641 - Pages: 23

Premium Essay

Manager

...century. They started to getting a lot of power by winning the elections and getting the candidate elected as Charles V. With  this win they were able to create a higher interest rate, so the banking world that were for the emperors was more profitable. By that time the interest rate was never less than 12%, but by the 16th century the bankers were able to negotiate the interest rate as high as the 45%. In the year of 1525, the Fuggers were granted with a lot of profits that came from the mercury and silver mines, this mines all controlled an ruled by the Spanish orders. With all this being said, the bankers become really important and transform into managers state of assets and revenue collectors. Creating all of this types of higher interest rates, the bankers becoming so powerful, but also becoming so quickly in the managers of states of assets and revenue collectors, was something that can provide a the people of a kingdom to many reason for they to be in so may unprofitable wars. The Fuggers family were really smart about how they start spending the money, create a great community for the poor people, with the name of The Fuggerei, this community still in use in the present days. By the last days of the 16th century were coming, the Fugger family start to avoid those financial risk-taking, and were able to move into a more aristocratic conventional existence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugger https://sieveoftruth.wordpress.com/2012/01/29/the-hidden-history-of-the-black-arts-of-modern-banking/...

Words: 299 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Manager

...Review article: 1 Article Summary The Idea in Brief—the core idea The Idea in Practice—putting the idea to work 2 The Competitive Imperative of Learning 10 Further Reading A list of related materials, with annotations to guide further exploration of the article’s ideas and applications This document is authorized for use only by Suzi Tack (ST@STRATHSPEYCROWN.COM). Copying or posting is an infringement of copyright. Please contact customerservice@harvardbusiness.org or 800-988-0886 for additional copies. Reprint R0807E The Competitive Imperative of Learning The Idea in Brief Most managers believe that relentless execution—the efficient, timely production and delivery of offerings—is vital to corporate performance. Execution-as-efficiency is important. But focusing too narrowly on it can prevent your company from adapting effectively to change. Consider General Motors: Managers’ confidence in GM’s famously efficient control systems blinded them to big shifts in the market, including customers’ preferences for fuel-efficient cars. GM posted a $38.7 billion loss in 2007. Edmondson recommends widening your lens to include execution-as-learning. Companies that use this approach focus not just on carrying out key processes more efficiently than rivals—but also on learning faster. To foster execution-as-learning, make it safe for employees to ask questions and fail. Then: • Provide process guidelines, using the best available knowledge. COPYRIGHT © 2008 HARVARD BUSINESS...

Words: 6178 - Pages: 25

Free Essay

Manager

...Post: Facilities Co-ordinator Service: Facilities and Property Management Section: Facilities Management Grade: G03 (Subject to Job Evaluation) Reporting to: Senior Facilities Coordinator Direct Reports: Facilities Assistants and Cleaners Job Purpose: Co-ordinate the delivery of an efficient and effective integrated facilities management service across various allocated Council/ Partner premises in order to assist with the promotion, delivery and integration of the Council`s key objectives; specifically in relation to the Community Plan, Shared commitments, Single Outcome Agreement and Best Value. A. Area of Responsibility 1. Co-ordinate and supervise the delivery of property, maintenance and security related tasks across various serviced premises ensuring all activities are carried out in accordance with established procedures, agreed guidelines, risk assessments and regulations. 2. Co-ordinate and supervise the delivery of planned and unplanned cleaning services across various Council / Partner premises ensuring the agreed task schedules and Service Level Agreements are achieved. 3. Monitor the delivery of services carried out by the Facilitates Assistants and Cleaners across various premises ensuring all activities are completed in accordance with Service Level Agreements. 4. Assist with the implementation of service initiatives and improvements related to the operational delivery of Facilities Management Service tasks and activities...

Words: 970 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Manager

...Welcome to WritePoint, the automated review system that recognizes errors most commonly made by university students in academic essays. The system embeds comments into your paper and suggests possible changes in grammar and style. Please evaluate each comment carefully to ensure that the suggested change is appropriate for your paper, but remember that your instructor's preferences for style and format prevail. You will also need to review your own citations and references since WritePoint capability in this area is limited. Please see the other helpful writing resources in the Tutorials and Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence. Thank you for using WritePoint. Running head: Corporate Compliance Plan for Riordian Corporate Compliance Plan for Riordian Robert Trujillo University of Phoenix Corporate Compliance Plan for Riordian Riordian Manufacturing Inc. makes plastic products through the process of plastic injection molding. The main industries that use Riordian products are automotive parts manufactures, aircraft manufactures, aero space manufactures, beverage manufactures, and home appliance manufactures. The company’s annual revenues are $46 million. The company employs 550 people throughout three plants located in Georgia, Michigan, and China. Research and development is done at the corporate headquarters in San Jose, California. In 2000, Riordian Manufacturing Board of Directors decided to expand its...

Words: 1892 - Pages: 8