...The Gospel is not the gospel of men, but the gospel of God. By it, the revealed truth of God's love is manifested and judgment on sin is sure and the certain defeat of death and the devil. There is nothing in time or eternity more certain than what Jesus Christ accomplished on the Cross. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is ground zero for humanity and eternity. God the Father made redemption through the blood of His only Begotten Son the foundation by which we stand reconciled unto HIM. There is no hope for anyone apart from the power of the gospel of Jesus Christ. The death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ is the pressing issue between God and humanity. There is only one position in which we are right with God, and that is in Christ Jesus by virtue of is atoning work at the cross. He came to this world to destroy the work of Satan and the power of sin. Sin is a matter of reality that breads the lie that we are sufficient in ourselves. It is the very fact of sin that explains why Christ came to this world; and sin is the explicit cause of all sorrow and death. Yet, it is in Jesus Christ only that death, sin and Satan are defeated... thus, the Gospel of Jesus Christ changes everything for the redeemed. The heart of reality is the Gospel of Jesus Christ. It is not the baptism of the Holy Spirit that changes people, but the power of the gospel of Christ. The baptism of the Holy Spirit is not an experience separate from Christ; it is the evidence of Christ in you. ...
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... +28,600 +2000 +1250 QD = 26,560 The different elasticities are calculated as follows: (Own) Price Elasticity of Demand ((Ep ) = ∆Q x P ∆P Q = -(42) x ($5) [Substituting price for low-calorie frozen food is 500 cents or $5] 26560 [Substituting quantity demanded (Q) =26560] = -0.0079 [implying the demand for microwavable food is extremely inelastic] Cross Price Elasticity of Demand (EX) = ∆Q x P ∆P Q = +(20) x ($6) [Substituting price for productx-competitor’s food is 600 cents or $6] 26560 [Substituting quantity demanded (Q) =26560] = +0.0045 [implying the demand for competitor’s food is a substitute good] Income Elasticity of Demand (EI) = ∆Q x I ∆P Q = +(5.2) x (5500) [Substituting buyer’s income microwavable food is $5500] 26560 [Substituting quantity demanded (Q) =26560] = +1.077 [implying the low-calorie frozen food...
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...The Mathematics of Simple Macroeconomic Models There are several advantages in presenting economic models in the form of equations. Equations are very concise; they readily give quantitative answers; and they are the language of most practising economics. Unfortunately, for a large proportion of students beginning the study of macroeconomics, the first sight of equations in the course is a traumatic experience. Old fears about their mathematical ability can make them doubt their capacity to cope with macroeconomics. It may even result in their premature withdrawal from the subject. Fortunately, in the vast majority of cases such doubts are unfounded. Consequently, once fears are removed, these students cope quite happily with the equations in macroeconomics. This chapter is designed to allay these old fears about mathematics. It does this by means of a step-by-step examination and manipulation of the equations that a student first meets in macroeconomics. Once the student has mastered these equations, the new-found confidence should enable him or her to tackle most of the elementary mathematics that macroeconomics requires. THE FIRST MODEL The first model in equation form seen by macroeconomics students is usually: Y = C + 1 (16-1) C = Co + cY (16-2) I = Io (16-3) It is convenient to think of the symbols in these equations as words, and the equations themselves as sentences. Thus it is possible to translate an English sentence into an...
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...Name: Harmony Ojehomon Topic: Wind blade Aerodynamic Content 1. Introduction 2. Calculation of the blade angle 3. Reynolds number 4. Testing the blade rotor in the wind turbine 5. Conclusion Introduction Wind power is one of the renewable technologies the world is counting on to provide sustainable and non-polluting power. The purpose report discusses how a prototype wind blade is designed, built and tested. The aim is to build a wind blade is built in terms of power extracted from the wind. Method F (resultant) D (drag) L (lift) Rw U The diagram above shows an aerofoil-section blade in a free air stream velocity U. Due to rotation of the turbine the blade velocity (at radius) is Rw. The angle of the aerofoil to the plane is θ. The air velocity relative to the blade is W, at an angle α to the blade: is called the angle of incidence. To ensure a good value of the lift coefficient Cl, α should be in the range 5o -12o. Calculation of the blade angle Take tip ratio λ=6.3 I choose 6.3 as the tip ratio because I am designing for 2 blade rotor. It needs a low drag coefficient on the blade to oppose the motion of the blade and so to detract from the wind turbine performance. Wind speed u= 9ms-1 The blade velocity Rw=54 The blade angle θ =? Tan θ = (u/Rw) θ =9.460 (approximate to whole number) =100 The angle of aerofoil θ=100. Since we already know the angle θ we need to calculate w which is a constant and since...
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...2-14E The power consumed by the resistance wire of an iron is given. The heat generation and the heat flux are to be determined. Assumptions Heat is generated uniformly in the resistance wire. Analysis A 1000 W iron will convert electrical energy into heat in the wire at a rate of 1000 W. Therefore, the rate of heat generation in a resistance wire is simply equal to the power rating of a resistance heater. Then the rate of heat generation in the wire per unit volume is determined by dividing the total rate of heat generation by the volume of the wire to be [pic] Similarly, heat flux on the outer surface of the wire as a result of this heat generation is determined by dividing the total rate of heat generation by the surface area of the wire to be [pic] Discussion Note that heat generation is expressed per unit volume in Btu/h(ft3 whereas heat flux is expressed per unit surface area in Btu/h(ft2. 2-26 For a medium in which the heat conduction equation is given by [pic] (a) Heat transfer is transient, (b) it is one-dimensional, (c) there is no heat generation, and (d) the thermal conductivity is constant. 2-42 A long pipe of inner radius [pic], outer radius [pic], and thermal conductivity k is considered. The outer surface of the pipe is subjected to convection to a medium at [pic] with a heat transfer coefficient of h. Assuming steady one-dimensional conduction in the radial direction, the convection boundary condition on the outer surface of the pipe can be expressed...
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...Saving Function KM: The Multiplier Model - Principles of Macro - RIT - Dr. Jeffrey Burnette The Keynesian Model: The Multiplier Model Assumptions • Each market is analyzed on an aggregate scale (One interest rate, One type of labor, One type of output) Differences from the Classical Model • The Keynesian model does not assume that markets clear in the short-run. In fact, it believes that prices are sticky downward. That is, prices may not decrease to bring the market to equilibrium. This is why it focuses on the short-run. • In the short-run spending depends upon income. • Whereas the classical model focused on equilibrium in the labor market determining the level of output, the Keynesian model will focus on the domestic spending of consumers. The Keynesian Model w/out Government • Households have 2 choices for spending their income, Purchase goods and services (Consumption) or Save. • Firms have 2 types of expenditures, purchase goods and services (Consumption) or purchase equipment and structures from borrowed funds (Planned Investment). • In the short-run, planned investment is taken to be independent of income. • There is a funds market where savings is made available to firms that wish to borrow. Disposable Income = Income - Taxes Since there is no government, taxes are equal to zero. Therefore, real income is equal to real disposable income. Y = YD 1 KM: The Multiplier Model - Principles of Macro - RIT - Dr. Jeffrey Burnette Consumption Function - Algebraic...
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...COMPUTER AIDED CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN FOR A SIMPLE POSITIONING MECHANISM DEN211: VIBRATIONS AND CONTROL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEM Name: Akash Patel Student Id: 074784880 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 DESIGN OF A PD CONTROLLER FOR A SET POINT CONTROL 4 TUNING OF THE PD CONTROLLER 7 DESIGN OF A NOTCH FILTER ( CONTROLLER DERIVATION AND DESIGN) 15 TRANSFER FUNCTION THAT INCLUDES A NOTCH FILTER AND PD CONTROLLER 18 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 21 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22 INTRODUCTION A set point control is one of the most vital problems in all systems, because if for a set point control, the controller doesn’t work then it would not function for other complicated controllers. Hence for a set point all requirements play an important role and hence they have to be met. The aim of this exercise was to design a PD controller for set point control of a cart that is being steered from its original position to a desired point. However, the PD controller was to be tuned in such a way that provided objectives are met. These objectives were in terms of performance measures and they were as follows: * The 10%-90% rise time is smaller than 0.5s. * The percentage overshoot is smaller than 5%. * The settling time is not larger than 5s. Where, * The 10%-90% rise time is defined as the time it takes the cart...
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...Substitution and income effect has a big role in today society. I will examine how substitution and income affects the gasoline prices. If a person spend $120 for gasoline each month, 4 weeks. Assuming that there has been a price increase of 100% during summer. The cost for gasoline in the next 3 months would be $240 per month if the drive of the sale would stay the same. For the entire summer, 12 weeks the gasoline price will be $720. The average cars usually get 30 miles per gallon of gasoline. During the summer months the cost of gasoline is $6.00 per gallon compare to spring $3.00 per gallon. Thomas and Maurice state that “when the price of a good increases, consumers are worse off” and in this instance, the increase in gasoline prices makes it necessary to adjust the monthly budget (2011 p. 186-187). There are several ways to estimate substitution effect or income effect for affordable gasoline. There will be sacrifices that will have to be made and budgeting accordingly. One of the options the author can choose is not driving so much during the summer months. By doing this the author can save money. This option would be considered income effect or “ the change in the consumption of a good resulting strictly from a change in purchasing power after the price of good changes” (p. 188). For example, the author normally drives to work, 50 miles a day 5 days a week, to the store 5 miles 2 days a week, and into town to spend time with friends 40 miles 3 times a week. Cut backs...
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... The article I reviewed was “Does Milk Hurt Kids” written by Mary Carmichael for Newsweek magazine in 2006. The article relates to the protein needs of infants or toddlers compared to adults. The author believes that American children are not getting the proper nutrition because so many parents are substituting rice or soy milk which lack needed vitamins. This article was very informative and clearly explained that while soy and rice milk have good benefits for adults it can cause serious health conditions for infants and children. These products lack the proper amount of vitamin D and protein needed for good development. As noted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), lack of proper vitamins and nutrition can result in rickets (a severe vitamin D deficiency) and kwashiorkor (protein deficiency) which are normally only found in third world countries. The reason why rice and soy milk cause issues for younger children is because their diets do not contain a wide variety of foods and so they lack vitally needed protein and vitamins. Adults eat such a wide variety of foods that substituting rice or soymilk for dairy milk does not typically have any affect on the amount of vitamins and protein consumed. According to Albert Yan, “a pediatric dermatologist at the University of Pennsylvania, babies' skin becomes like "flaky paint" and their hair, lacking enough melanin, gets lighter. More seriously, they develop tissue swelling (edema)...
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...of discount rates around the world, we should find the highest and lowest WACC in 15 samples, which should be the WACC of USA and WACC of Argentina, because USA has the highest credit rating and Argentina has the lowest credit rating in 15 sample projects. First, we identified unlevered beta for USA and Argentina from Exhibit 7b are 0.25 for USA because its contract generation project and 0.5 for Argentina because of competitive supply project. We found the Debit to Capital Ratio for USA and Argentina in Exhibit 7a are 39.5% and 40.8% respectively. By substituting those values we calculated leverages bête for USA and Argentina. Second, we calculated Cost of Equity by using Risk Free (10 years US Treasury bond), Risk Premium (US Risk premium) and Leveraged beta. Third, we calculated Cost of Debt by using Default Spread and Sovereign Yield given in Exhibit 7a. Finally, the discount rate (WACC) is calculated by substituting Cost of Equity, Equity value, Cost of Debt, Debt value and Tax rate, and the range of the discount rates are 6.5%(lowest) to 22.2% (max). Taking consideration of default risk and sovereign risks into accounting makes sense, as these...
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...3(a): For China : C=5,000,000+0.5Q AC=(5,000,000/Q)+0.5 AC=(5,000,000*N/360,000,000)+0.5 P=0.5+2/N In Equilibrium, AC=P. So (5,000,000*N/360,000,000)+0.5 = 0.5+2/N N/72 = 2/N N^2 = 144 N = 12 Substituting N = 12 into P=0.5+2/N, P=0.5+2/12 P= 0.667 If China and Japan do not trade, the equilibrium price of a bottle of water is 0.667 and the number of firms in China is 12. (b): For Japan: C=5,000,000+0.5Q AC=(5,000,000/Q)+0.5 AC=(5,000,000*N/62,500,000)+0.5 P=0.5+2/N In Equilibrium, AC=P. So (5,000,000*N/62,500,000)+0.5 = 0.5+2/N 2N/25 = 2/N 2N^2 = 50 N = 5 Substituting N = 5 into P=0.5+2/N, P=0.5+2/5 P= 0.9 If China and Japan do not trade, the equilibrium price of a bottle of water is 0.9 and the number of firms in Japan is 5. (c): Under the free trade: C=5,000,000+0.5Q AC=(5,000,000/Q)+0.5 AC=(5,000,000*N/360,000,000+62,500,000)+0.5 P=0.5+2/N In Equilibrium, AC=P. So (5,000,000*N/360,000,000+62,500,000)+0.5 = 0.5+2/N 2N/168 = 2/N 2N^2 = 338 N = 13 Substituting N = 13 into P=0.5+2/N, P=0.5+2/13 P= 0.654 If China and Japan can freely trade with each other, the equilibrium price of a bottle of water is 0.6654 and the number of firms in Japan is 13. With trade, there is an integrated market and it supports more firms, each producing at a larger scale and selling at a lower price. So the consumers are better off as they can have a wider range of choices. 5 (a) Demand for widgets...
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...occupying American Army. This created a stand-off between opposing armies that would erupt in fighting in early 1899. The proclamation reads in part: Finally, it should be the earnest wish and paramount aim of the military administration to win the confidence, respect, and affection of the inhabitants of the Philippines by assuring them in every possible way that full measure of individual rights and liberties which is the heritage of free peoples, and by proving to them that the mission of the United States is one of benevolent assimilation substituting the mild sway of justice and right for arbitrary rule.[1] The proclamation was sent to General Elwell Otis, U.S. military commander and Governor-General in the Philippines. Otis sent Emilio Aguinaldo a version of the proclamation that he had bowdlerized by removing mention of U.S. sovereignty "to stress our benevolent purpose" and not "offend Filipino sensibilities," by substituting "free people" for "supremacy of the United States," and deleting "to exercise future domination."[2][3][4] General Otis had also sent an unaltered copy of the...
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...UNIT 2 FRICTION Structure 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Introduction Objectives Friction Types of Friction Laws of Dry Friction Static and Kinetic Friction Coefficient of Friction Angle of Repose Least Force Required to Drag a Body on a Rough Horizontal Plane Horizontal Force Required to Move the Body Screw and Nut Friction 2.10 Self-Locking Screws 2.11 Condition for Maximum Efficiency 2.12 Screw Jack 2.13 Pivot and Collar Friction 2.13.1 Flat Pivot 2.13.2 Conical Pivot 2.13.3 Collar Bearing 2.14 Clutch 2.15 Types of Clutches 2.15.1 Conical Clutch 2.15.2 Single Plate Clutch 2.15.3 Multi Plate Clutch 2.16 Journal Bearing 2.17 Rolling Friction 2.18 Ball and Roller Bearings 2.19 Summary 2.20 Key Words 2.21 Answers to SAQs 2.1 INTRODUCTION When a body moves or tends to move on another body, a force appears between the surfaces. This force is called force of friction and it acts opposite to the direction of motion. Its line of action is tangential to the contacting surfaces. The magnitude of this force depends on the roughness of surfaces. In engineering applications friction is desirable and undesirable. We can walk on the ground because of friction. Friction is useful in power transmission by belts. It is useful in appliances like brakes, bolts, screw jack, etc. It is undesirable in bearing and moving machine parts where it results in loss of energy and, thereby, reduces efficiency of the machine. In this unit, you will study screw jack, clutches and...
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... . Ep = -1(Unitory elastic) Inelastic range Ep = 0 (Perfectly inelastic) Quantity Price Elasticity of Demand: Percentage change in quantity demanded of a good as a result from a 1- percent increase in its price. In mathematical form, it can be defined as Ep = ΔQ/Q = (P/Q) (ΔQ/ΔP) …………..(1) ΔP/P Where Q, P = same as above ΔQ = Change in quantity demanded ΔP = Change in Price per unit of the good Consider the Linear demand curve Q = a-bP Differentiating the above equation w.r.t. price, we have change in quantity w.r.t change in price ΔQ/ΔP = -b …………….(2) Substituting (2) in equation (1), we have, Ep = (P/Q) (-b) = (-Pb)/Q …………………..(3) From Equation (3), when P 0, than Ep 0 (Perfectly inelastic). This condition is denoted on the graph by point no. 1. If P/Q=1/b, then Ep =-1 (Unitary elastic). Hence for P/Q between 0 and 1/b, Ep will vary from 0 to -1 (inelastic range) and for P/Q between 1/b and ∞, Ep will vary from -1 to -∞ (elastic range). And similarly, when Q 0, than Ep -∞ (Perfectly elastic). This...
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...when it comes to the fundamental principles of administration and motivation (Carter, 2011). Appreciating the dissimilarity amid transformational and transactional management is vital for someone pursuing a profession in administration. In this discussion, we will look at Steve Jobs and his leadership style. Transactional management flairs are more apprehensive with upholding the average movement of tasks. Transactional management can be termed as “keeping the vessel buoyant.” Transactional frontrunners use penal authority and an assortment of enticements to stimulate workers to accomplish the preeminent (Francis, 2013). The word “transactional” denotes to the element that this category of leaders fundamentally inspires assistants by substituting prizes for good work done. A transactional front-runner normally does not aspect forward in tactically managing a business to the point of fair leadership; as an alternative, these directors are merely alarmed with making certain everything courses efficiently currently. Introduction Different directors employ markedly different administration styles, oscillating from comparatively hands-off, expediting styles to dictatorial, controlling styles. Directors can also use diverse motivational tactics...
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