...In Benjamin R. Barber’s article “Jihad vs. McWorld”, Barber predicts and classifies the future of politics into two possible outcomes—tribalism vs. globalization. The chief goals of McWorld are not only to achieve globalization, but also to create a world without national boundaries where enterprises become transnational and cooperate with others on economy, resources, information-technology and ecology. As a result of McWorld, people from different countries go to international banks that are available everywhere, use convertible currency, eat hamburgers at McDonald, watch American—produced movies, employ English software, and trade resources freely. In fact, McWorld is gradually becoming a tendency in the world. Oppositely, Jihad is a conflicting concept with McWorld. The most significantly purpose of Jihad is to pursue isolation and nationalism. People advocate and inherit their own cultures, nations, politics and religions. Therefore, wars and revolutions might usually arise for people to form boundaries with others. Although McWorld impresses people by its peaceful and prosperous features and seems more attractive than Jihad, it does not promote democracy more successfully than Jihad does. Instead, both notions are unbeneficial to democracy since McWorld ignore the distinction between nations and Jihad excessively points out the dissimilarity of different groups. Barber believes that confederal, the system that offers local places to...
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...In the article, Jihad versus McWorld author Benjamin Barber describes opposing forces that are directly impacting democracy. On one side, which he calls Jihad, refers to religious communities that have been aggravated by the American-dominated economy, and the other, McWorld, the consumer-based capital global economy that separates people from their own beliefs to regulate their own norms. This directly ties to the two stories A Poland, a Lithuania, a Galicia and My Son the Fanatic because in those stories there are opposing sides, the sons who fight for their religious beliefs and their parents can't seem to understand their sons strong views. The sons can be seen as the Jihad of the situation, while their parents could be considered the...
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...Gone is the era when military force was the sole compass in a state’s quest for dominance. The Cold War world order has been lost. What has taken its place is a collision of two opposing forces both competing to materialize as the new, dominant world order. There exists now an overarching battle between the assimilating force of globalization and the emphatic differentiation of cultural identity as a reaction. This structural dissonance in global relations has elevated inherently tense inter-state relationships and cleared a path for the rise of cultural nations within and across states seeking to solidify their distinctiveness and secure a role in the order of the new world. As the United States emerged victorious from the bipolarity of the Cold War era, so came her establishment as the hegemonic state of the world. This triumph of western liberalism symbolized what Francis Fukuyama deemed “the end of history” - the end of conflicting ideologies among the states which would lead to a world of perpetual peace. Fukuyama’s thesis is based on the Renaissance and Reformation of Europe and the Enlightenment experienced by North America and Europe (Packer. 2012.) Essentially, he argues that the progression of human history as a struggle between ideologies ends after the Cold War era; that the entire world will come to accept liberal democracy as the most desirable world order. The major fault in his theory, of course, lies in the simple fact that the Renaissance, Reformation...
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...Research Essay The articles “The Clash of Civilizations”, “Jihad vs. McWorld”, “The Coming of Anarchy”, “The Summoning”, “The End of Progressivism”, and “The Myth of Global Ethnic Conflict” all exercise ideas and hypothesis that relate to present day world problems. The authors of these articles have strong beliefs about issues that could potentially lead to an apocalyptic future plagued with war. Throughout this paper I will talk about the main ideas of each article, compare and contrast the articles, and discuss my opinion about the article. In the article “The Clash of Civilizations”, Samuel P. Huntington believes that the fundamental source of conflict in the future will be a conflict on culture. Huntington strongly believes that 8 basic civilizations will clash in the future. These civilizations are Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic Orthodox, Latin American, and possibly African. Huntington defines a civilization as the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of what distinguishes them from other species. Civilizations can be seen as a cultural entity with commonalities in language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and may contain several nation states. Huntington believes these conflicts will occur because the world is becoming a smaller place, there is a rapid growth of civilization-consciousness, cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and less easily compromised...
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...also covered in the readings, sometimes in more than one chapter. Lec. 1-2 What is Politics? Concepts from the Lecture: Politics ‘Polis’ Plato Machiavelli Modern Age Thomas Hobbes Leviathan Concepts from the Texts: ‘Simile of the Cave’ ‘fortuna’ philosopher-king Behavioural Approach Class Analysis Elite theory Pluralism Institutionalism ‘Power to’ vs. ‘Power over’ Lec. 3 What is the State? Concepts from the Lecture: Treaty of Westphalia Social Contract Legal-institutionalism Branches of State Levels of State Elitism Pluralism Additional Concepts from the Texts: Night Watchman State Neo-liberal state Welfare State Liberal Democracy Lec. 4 The State: Power, Authority, and Sovereignty Concepts from the Lectures and Readings: Power Authority Sovereignty Weber’s Typology of Authority Concepts from Readings: See Lec. 3 concepts Lec. 5 Political Ideologies: Liberalism Concepts from the Lecture Ideology Left vs. Right ideologies John Locke/ Two Treatises of Government J.S. Mill/ On Liberty Tenets of Liberalism Welfare Liberalism vs. Libertarianism Concepts from Readings The Republic State of nature Tyranny of the majority Harm Principle ‘Politics as a Vocation’ Equality Rights Lec. 6 Republicanism, Conservatism and Socialism Concepts from the Lecture Republicanism Roman ‘Res publica’ Jean Jacques Rousseau Edmund Burke / Reflections on...
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...Globalization and the Future Tom Lombardo, Ph.D. Introduction Globalization is perhaps the most significant and pervasive contemporary trend. Humanity is moving from a set of relatively autonomous nation states to an integrated global reality, more ruled by international corporations and organizations, and economic and ecological interdependencies, than national and political ideologies and issues. Fueled by global communication, technological networking, expanding transportation systems, economic exchange and competition, and the growth and spread of a global culture, globalization is seen both as a positive and as a negative trend. What are the main features of globalization, what are the future possibilities, and how will globalization have an effect upon your individual life? Outline “Nothing will be done anymore without the whole world meddling in it.” Paul Valéry The History of Globalization Positive Images of Globalization Imbalance, Diversity, and Conflict: The Problems of Globalization Global Tensions, Challenges, and Evolution for the Future Howard Bloom – The Deep History of Globalization – Reciprocity and Conquest Global Communication and Networking of Life Global Expansion of Humanity Emergence of Cities and Trade Routes Reciprocity and Conquest Robert Wright The Evolution of Win-Win Reciprocities in Human History The Expansion of Economic Interdependencies and Exchange The Expansion of Communication Networks Cumulative...
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...on work habits 3. Discriminatory and Non-Discriminatory Networks 4. Trade-enhancing networks and religions—Influence of Religions on Trade 5. Effects of cultural tendencies 6. Hinduism 7. Judaism 8. Buddhism 9. Christianity 10. Islam 11. Effects of Religion on Trade 12. Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, James E. and Eric van Wincoop. 2003. Gravity with Gravitas: A Solu- tion to the Border Puzzle. American Economic Review. 93(1): 170-192. Arruñada, Benito. 2004. The Economic Effects of Christian Moralities. Economics and Business Working Paper Series, 743, March, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Britannica Book of the Year. 2005. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. Barber Benjamin R. 1995. Jihad vs. McWorld. New York: Times Books. Brodbeck, Karl-Heinz. 2002. Buddhistische Wirtschaftsethik. Aachen: Shaker Economic Review 89: 379-99. Guo, Rongxing. 2004. How culture influences foreign trade: evidence from the U.S. and China. Journal of Socio-Economics. 33: 785-812. Helpman, Elhanan, Melitz, Marc and Rubinstein Yona. 2004. Helble, M., On the Influence of World...
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...of offering some commonly diverse choices. So today you can buy sushi in either France or Germany. This makes France and Germany more alike, yet in my view this is closer to being an increase in diversity than a decline in diversity. If we think of societies that have very well developed markets—for example the United States—what we find happening is not that everyone, for instance, buys or listens to the same kind of music. As markets have allowed suppliers to deliver products to consumers, we’ve seen a blossoming of different genres of music. In the 20th century the United States evolved rock and roll, rhythm and blues, Motown, Cajun music, many different kinds of jazz—ragtime, swing, stomp—heavy metal, rap. The list goes on. When I look at the empirical evidence from societies with well-developed market economies, I find that what people want to buy is not fixed or biologically constructed. When the cost of supplying products goes down, people tend to use culture to differentiate themselves from other people, to pursue niche interests, to pursue hobbies. It’s the poorer or more primitive societies in which people specialize in one type of consumption. If you go to pygmy society in the Congo, for Critics of globalization contend that, even if increased trade promotes material prosperity, it comes with a high spiritual and cultural cost, running roughshod over the world’s distinctive cultures and threatening to turn the globe into one big, tawdry strip mall. George Mason University...
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...Abstract This paper discusses the underrepresentation of blacks in the accounting profession in light of the increasing demand for Certified Public Accountants (CPA). The paper ex- plores the various reasons why blacks are underrepresented in the accounting profession. Furthermore, the paper examines these reasons through the lens of race and ethnicity. The paper also synthesizes multiple sources regarding blacks’ underrepresentation in account- ing. Blacks are underrepresented in accounting because of internal and external factors linked to their ethnic identity. Many blacks feel that they do not belong to the accounting profession, and as a result, they rarely choose accounting as a career. Many CPA firms think that blacks are not capable of doing the job and delivering the superior results that clients expect. While the demand for new and diverse accounting talents is increasing in light of recent white-collar crimes committed by Bernie Madoff, Enron and WorldCom, blacks’ representation in the ac- counting field still remains low. Research has shown that blacks are under- represented in most American Certified Public Accountant (CPA) firms. There is much speculation as to why this is so. One reason might be that blacks have some personal qualities that cause them to enter the account- ing profession at a low rate. Some people might even wonder if society is still oppressive towards blacks years after the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The reasons why blacks are underrepresented...
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...of offering some commonly diverse choices. So today you can buy sushi in either France or Germany. This makes France and Germany more alike, yet in my view this is closer to being an increase in diversity than a decline in diversity. If we think of societies that have very well developed markets—for example the United States—what we find happening is not that everyone, for instance, buys or listens to the same kind of music. As markets have allowed suppliers to deliver products to consumers, we’ve seen a blossoming of different genres of music. In the 20th century the United States evolved rock and roll, rhythm and blues, Motown, Cajun music, many different kinds of jazz—ragtime, swing, stomp—heavy metal, rap. The list goes on. When I look at the empirical evidence from societies with well-developed market economies, I find that what people want to buy is not fixed or biologically constructed. When the cost of supplying products goes down, people tend to use culture to differentiate themselves from other people, to pursue niche interests, to pursue hobbies. It’s the poorer or more primitive societies in which people specialize in one type of consumption. If you go to pygmy society in the Congo, for Critics of globalization contend that, even if increased trade promotes material prosperity, it comes with a high spiritual and cultural cost, running roughshod over the world’s distinctive cultures and threatening to turn the globe into one big, tawdry strip mall. George Mason University...
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...Imperial America EDGE Fall Quarter 2003 Tim Chueh Ambert Ho 12/5/03 What Is Imperialism? “Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism…characterized by monopoly corporations and the compulsion to export capital abroad for higher profits. Unlike capitalism in the earlier stages, in the imperialist stage, capitalism has no more progress to bring the world…the cause of contemporary militarism” – Lenin “The policy, practice, or advocacy of seeking, or acquiescing in, the extension of the control, dominion, or empire of a nation, as by the acquirement of new, esp. distant, territory or dependencies, or by the closer union of parts more or less independent of each other for operations of war, copyright, internal commerce, etc.” – Oxford dictionary The word imperialism derives from “empire.” As such, it is useful to spend a bit of time to define the word. In working towards a minimal definition, Stanford Professor of Archaeology J. Manning in his first lecture on Ancient Empires starts with: “An empire is a territorially extensive hierarchically political organization.” Unfortunately this definition is too vague. All states encountered in human history are by definition hierarchical, and many nations today are vast compared to the...
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...The world is a constant changing place, changes occur all the time; some expectedly and others unexpectedly, some of the changes have had a huge impact on the way that man lives life. One of the changes in the world that has a strong bearing on man’s life is globalisation, it helped change the way man consumer’s products and interacts with his surroundings. Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture (Al-Rodhan, 2006). Advances in transportation, such as the steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ship, and in telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the telegraph and its modern offspring, the Internet, and mobile phones, have been major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities (Albrow,1990). The concept of globalization 'emerged from the intersection of four interrelated sets of "communities of practice": academics, journalists, publishers/editors, and librarians (Paul,2014). In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people, and the dissemination of knowledge(IMF,2000). Further, environmental challenges such as global warming, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization (Bridges,2002). Globalizing...
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...Culture and Globalization Table of Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 GLOBALIZATION VS. LOCAL CULTURES .................................................................................................................................... 3 THE INFLUENCE OF U.S. CORPORATIONS ON LOCAL MORES ................................................................................................... 3 THE DOMINANCE OF THE AMERICAN MARKET .......................................................................................................................... 4 THE INTEGRATION OF CULTURES ............................................................................................................................................ 6 REAFFIRMATION OF LOCAL CULTURE ...................................................................................................................................... 6 A CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS?.................................................................................................................................................. 7 CULTURAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION ....................................................
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...1 Globalization and Cultural Reassertion in Karnataka “I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any.” —Mahatma Gandhi 1. Introduction Globalisation is a generalised term for a complicated series of economic, technological, social, cultural and political changes, seen as the ever- increasing interdependence and integration among people, societies and businesses in different locations. Such international links have existed for many centuries, but, having broadened, intensified, and changed the nature of these links many times; the modern world economy is unlike any previous international economy. Despite being in theory, in existence for centuries, the term ‘globalisation’ was first used in 1944, although its prominent use by economists commenced in the 1980’s. Globalization can be broken down into separate aspects: industrial globalization, financial globalization, political globalization, cultural globalization etc. Globalization is a process of something becoming global. It is facilitated by the media of communications. Through radio and satellite information can reach the whole globe almost instantaneously. Important events, whether social, political or sportive, have global audiences. Another aspect of global communication is the rapidity of movement. People can travel and move goods rapidly anywhere in...
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...NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS PROGRAM INTL 1101: GLOBALIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS MR 11:45 AM - 1:25 PM, 310 Behrakis SPRING 2014 INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION Name: Dr. Ioannis Livanis Contact info: 617-373-4697 E-mail address: i.livanis@neu.edu Office: 210D Renaissance Park Office hours: Monday 2:00-4:00pm and Thursday 3:00-5:00pm ; and by appointment! TEACHING ASSISTANT INFORMATION Name: E-mail address: Office: Office hours: Course Content: The world is never a boring place, whether we are interested in politics, culture, history, security, or art. To understand the world around us, however, we must be engaged citizens of the world. We must try to put ourselves in others’ shoes, to develop a sense of how others perceive the world, what others experience, and to make connections with these differences. The study of international affairs trains us to think more carefully about global issues and encourages us to take action when needed. This course serves as an introduction to International Affairs, an interdisciplinary program that covers international politics, history, sociology, anthropology, language, and culture. This class is unique in that we will have lectures on a variety of topics, and watch films that enhance your understanding of globalization. You will be introduced to basic concepts of international affairs, including an introduction to the international system, globalization, and international organizations. We will explore global issues...
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