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一、单选题
根据税收和税法的概念,下列表述正确的是( )。 A) 税法的调整对象是税务机关与纳税人和扣缴义务人之间的分配关系 B) 国家征税依据的是政治权力而非财产权力 C) 征税的主体是税务机关,除了税务机关之外,任何机构和团体都无权征税 D) 强制性是税收的核心。
【答案】B
【解析】A 选项税法的调整对象是国家与纳税人之间在税收分配过程中形成的权利义务关系。C选项征税的主体是国家并非税务机关。税务机关仅仅是代表国家行使征税权。D选项无偿性是税收的核心,强制性是税收的基本保证。
下列有关税法特点的说法,错误的是( )。 A) 税法属于制定法而非习惯法 B) 从法律性质来看,税法属于授权性法规 C) 税法是由国家制定而不是认可的 D) 税法具有综合性
【答案】B
【解析】从立法过程看,税法属于制定法,而不属于习惯法。即税法是由国家制定的,而不是由习惯作法或司法判例而认可的。从法律性质看,税法属于义务性法规,而不属于授权性法规,即税法直接规定人们的某种义务,具有强制性。从内容看,税法属于综合性,即税法是由实体法、程序法、争讼法等构成的综合法律体系。
下列关于税收法律关系的表述中,正确的是( )。 A) 税收法律关系的主体只能是国家 B) 税收法律关系中权利与义务具有对等性 C) 税收法律关系的成立不以征纳双方意思表示一致为要件 D) 征税权虽是国家法律授予的,但是可以放弃或转让
【答案】C
【解析】税收法律关系的主体是双主体,包括征税方和纳税方,其中一方只能是国家。税收法律关系中权利主体法律地位平等,但权利与义务具有不对等性。征税权是国家法律授予的,不能随意放弃或转让。
下列属于我国税法结构类型的有( )。 A) 宪法加税收法典 B) 宪法加税收基本法加税收单行法律、法规 C) 宪法加税收单行法律、法规 D) 税收法典加税收法规
【答案】C
【解析】我国目前的税法结构类型属于宪法加税收单行法律、法规形式。
下列各项中,属于税法基本原则的是( )。 A) 法律优位原则 B) 税收法律主义原则 C) 法律不溯及既往原则 D) 程序优于实体原则
【答案】B
【解析】税法基本原则包括税收法定主义原则、税收公平主义原则、税收合作信赖原则和实质课税原则。
税收法律主义也称税收法定主义。下列有关税收法律主义原则的表述中,错误的是( )。 A) 税收法律主义的功能侧重于保持税法的稳定性 B) 课税要素明确原则更多地是从立法技术角度保证税收分配关系的确定性 C) 课税要素必须由法律直接规定 D) 依法稽征原则的含义包括税务机关有选择税种开征和停征的权力
【答案】D
【解析】依法稽征原则,即税务行政机关必须严格依据法律的规定稽核征收,而无权变动法定课税要素和法定征收程序。除此之外,纳税人同税务机关一样都没有选择开征、停征、减税、免税、退补税收及延期纳税的权力(利),即使征纳双方达成一致也是违法的。
下列有关税收法律主义原则的表述中,错误的是( )。 A) 税收法律主义的功能侧重于保持税法的稳定性和可预测性 B) 课税要素明确原则更多地是从立法技术角度保证税收分配关系的确定性 C) 课税要素必须由法律直接规定 D) 依法稽征原则的含义包括税务机关有选择税种开征和停征的权力
【答案】D
【解析】依法稽征原则,即税务行政机关必须严格依据法律的规定稽核征收,而无权变动法定课税要素和法定征收程序。除此之外,纳税人同税务机关一样都没有选择开征、停征、减税、免税、退补税收及延期纳税的权力(利),即使征纳双方达成一致也是违法的。
如果纳税人通过转让定价或其他方法减少计税依据,税务机关有权重新核定计税依据,以防止纳税人避税与偷税,这样处理体现了税法基本原则中的( )。 A) 税收法律主义原则 B) 税收公平主义原则 C) 税收合作信赖主义原则 D) 实质课税原则
【答案】D
【解析】实质课税原则指的是依纳税人真实负担能力决定其税负,不能仅考核其表面是否符合课税要件。其意义是为了防止纳税人避税与偷税,增强税法适用的公正性。
纳税人李某和税务所在缴纳税款上发生了争议,必须在缴纳有争议的税款后,税务复议机关才能受理李某的复议申请,这体现了税法适用原则中的( )。 A) 新法优于旧法原则 B) 特别法优于普通法原则 C) 程序优于实体原则 D) 实体从旧原则
【答案】C
【解析】审理税务案件时,税收程序法先于税收实体法适用。它是关于税收争讼的原则,按照这一原则,纳税人通过税务行政复议或税务行政诉讼来寻求法律保护的前提条件之一是,必须事先履行税务执法机关认定的纳税义务,而不管其纳税义务实际上是否发生。否则,税务行政复议机关或司法机关对纳税人的申诉不予受理。实行这一原则是为了确保国家课税权的实现,不因争议的发生而影响税款的及时、足额入库。
下列关于课税对象和计税依据关系的叙述,错误的有( )。 A) 所得税的课税对象和计税依据是一致的 B) 计税依据是课税对象量的表现 C) 计税依据是从质的方面对课税作出的规定,课税对象是从量的方面对课税作出的规定 D) 我国车船税的课税对象和计税依据是不一致的
【答案】C
【解析】计税依据是从量的方面对课税作出的规定,课税对象是从质的方面对课税作出的规定。计税依据有两种形式,金额形态和实物形态。当计税依据为金额形式时,计税依据与课税对象一致,比如所得税。当计税依据采用实物形式时,计税依据与课税对象不一致。比如车船税等。
边际税率是指( )。 A) 税法直接规定的税率 B) 实际缴纳税额占课税对象实际数额的比例 C) 再增加一些收入时,增加的这部分收入所缴纳的税额占增加收入的比例 D) 全部数额占全部收入之比
【答案】C
【解析】税法直接规定的税率为名义税率,实际税率指纳税人在一定时期内实际缴纳税额占其课税对象实际数额的比例;边际税率是指再增加一些收入时,增加的这部分收入所缴纳的税额占增加收入的比例。平均税率是指全部税额占全部收入之比。
通过直接缩小计税依据的方式实现的减免税是( )。 A) 法定式减免 B) 税率式减免 C) 税额式减免 D) 税基式减免
【答案】D
【解析】直接缩小计税依据的方式实现的减免税为税基式减免。直接降低税率的减免税为税率式减免。直接减少应纳税税额的减免税为税额式减免。
减免税作为税收优惠政策的核心内容,体现了税法的统一性与灵活性的有机结合。下列关于税收减免税表述,正确的是( )。 A) 增值税即征即退是税基式减免税的一种形式 B) 增值税的减免税由全国人大规定 C) 免征额是税额式减免税的一种形式 D) 零税率是税率式减免税的一种方式
【答案】D
【解析】增值税即征即退是税额式减免税的一种形式。目前我国增值税暂行条例由国务院制定,因此增值税的减免税不可能由全国人大规定。免征额是税基式减免税的一种形式。零税率是税率式减免税的一种方式。
若某税种适用20%的比例税率,按规定应税所得超过5万元的部分,按应纳税额加征五成,当某纳税人应税所得为7万元时,其应纳税额为( )。 A) 1万元 B) 1.5万元 C) 1.6万元 D) 1.7万元
【答案】C
【解析】应纳税额=5×20%+(7-5)×20%×(1+50%)=1.6(万元)
下列各项税收法律法规中,属于部门规章的是( )。 A) 《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》 B) 《中华人民共和国消费税暂行条例》 C) 《中华人民共和国企业所得税法实施条例》 D) 《中华人民共和国消费税暂行条例实施细则》
【答案】D
【解析】A选项属于法律,B选项属于人大授权国务院的授权立法,也属于法律的范畴;C选项属于行政法规。

二、多选题
从广义的立法层次上划分,税法包括( )。 A) 全国人大制定的税收法律 B) 国务院制定的税收法规 C) 省级政府制定的地方性税收法规 D) 中央政府部门制定的税收规章
【答案】ABD
【解析】税法可以有狭义和广义之分。从狭义上讲,税法指的是经过国家最高权力机关正式立法的税收法律。从广义的讲,税法是各种法律规范的总和。即由税收实体法、税收程序法、税收争讼法等构成的法律体系。从立法层次上看,则包括由国家最高权力机关即全国人民代表大会及其常委会正式立法制定的税收法律;由国务院制定的税收法规或由省级人民代表大会及其常委会制定的地方性税收法规;由有关政府部门及地方政府制定的税收规章等。税收规章包括由省级人民政府制定的是地方规章,国家税务总局制定的税务规章,以及财政部或海关总署制定的部门规章。
税收法律是指由全国人大及其常委会制定的有关税收分配活动的法律制度。有关税收法律创制程序的表述,正确的有( )。 A) 必须经财政部向全国人大及其常委会提出税收法律案 B) 由全国人民代表大会或其常务委员会审议通过 C) 由国家主席签署主席令公布 D) 由国务院以总理名义发布实施
【答案】BC
【解析】税收法律案的提出,一般由国务院向全国人大及其常委会提出税收法律案;由全国人民代表大会或其常务委员会审议通过;经过全国人大及其常委会通过的税收法律应由国家主席签署主席令予以公布。
关于税法的基本原则,下列表述正确的有( )。 A) 税收法定主义的功能偏重于保持税法的稳定性和可预测性 B) 经济上的税收公平不具备强制约束力,仅作为制定税法的参考 C) 实质课税原则的意义在于防止纳税人的偷税和避税 D) 税收公平主义赋予纳税人可以要求实体利益上税收公平,但不可以要求程序上税收公平的权力
【答案】ABC
【解析】税收公平赋予纳税人既可以要求实体利益上税收公平,又可以要求程序上税收公平的权力。
税法适用原则是指税务行政机关或司法机关运用税收法律规范解决具体问题所必须遵循的准则,具体包括下列项目中的( )。 A) 法律优位原则 B) 税收法定主义原则 C) 法律不溯及既往原则 D) 程序优于实体原则 E) 实质课税原则
【答案】ACD
【解析】税法的适用原则有6个,分别是法律优位原则、法律不溯及既往原则、新法优于旧法原则、特别法优于普通法原则、实体从旧、程序从新原则、程序优于实体原则。税法的基本原则有4个,分别是税收法律主义、税收公平主义、税收合作信赖主义以及实质课税原则。
根据税法的适用原则,下列说法存在错误的有( )。 A) 根据法律不溯及既往原则,纳税人在新税法公布实施之前发生的纳税义务在新税法公布实施之后进入税款征收程序的,原则上新税法不具有约束力 B) 根据法律优位原则,税收法律的效力高于税收行政法规的效力,但税收行政法规的效力低于税收行政规章的效力 C) 程序法优于实体法是指在诉讼发生时,税收程序法优于税收实体法适用 D) 根据特别法优于普通法的原则,凡是特别法中作出规定的,原有的居于普通法地位的税法便废止 E) 根据法律不溯及既往原则,新法实施后,之前人们的行为不适用新法,而只沿用旧法
【答案】ABD
【解析】根据实体从旧,程序从新原则,纳税人在新税法公布实施之前发生的纳税义务在新税法公布实施之后进入税款征收程序的,原则上新程序法具有约束力;根据法律优位原则,税收法律的效力高于税收行政法规的效力,税收行政法规的效力高于税收行政规章;根据特别法优于普通法的原则,凡是特别法中作出规定的,排斥普通法的适用,但这种排斥仅就特别法中的具体规定而言,并不是说随着特别法的规定,原有居于普通法地位的税法即告废止。
下列情形中能引起税收法律关系消灭的有( )。 A) 纳税义务的免除 B) 纳税人履行了纳税义务 C) 税务机关组织结构发生变化 D) 纳税人自身组织结构发生变化 E) 某税法的废止
【答案】ABE
【解析】能引起税收法律关系消灭的情形有:①纳税人履行纳税义务;②纳税义务因超过期限而消灭;③纳税义务的免除——批准免税;④某些税法的废止;⑤纳税主体的消失。
下列属于起税收法律关系变更的原因有( )。 A) 由于纳税人自身的组织状况发生变化 B) 由于纳税人的经营或财产情况发生变化 C) 某些税法的废止 D) 由于税务机关组织结构或管理方式的变化 E) 由于税法的修订或调整
【答案】ABDE
【解析】能引起税收法律关系变更的情形有①由于纳税人自身的组织状况发生变②由于纳税人的经营或财产情况发生变化③由于税务机关组织结构或管理方式的变化④由于税法的修订或调整⑤5.因不可抗拒力造成的破坏。
关于税收法律关系的特点,下列表述正确的有( )。 A) 具有财产所有权单向转移的性质 B) 主体的一方只能是国家 C) 权利义务关系具有不对等性 D) 税收法律关系的变更以主体双方意思表示一致为要件 E) 调整平等主体间的财产关系
【答案】ABC
【解析】税收法律关系的变更不以主体双方意思表示一致为要件。税收法律关系调整的是国家与纳税人在税收分配过程中权利义务关系。
下列税种中,征税对象与计税依据不一致的是( )。 A) 企业所得税 B) 耕地占用税 C) 车船税 D) 土地使用税 E) 房产税
【答案】BCDE
【解析】企业所得税的课税对象和计税依据是一致的,都是所得额。
对税收实体法要素中有关课税对象的表述,下列说法正确的有( )。 A) 课税对象是国家据以征税的依据 B) 税目是一种税区别于另一种税的最主要的标志 C) 从实物形态分析,课税对象与计税依据是一致的 D) 从个人所得税来看,其课税对象与税源是一致的 E) 计税依据是从质的方面对课税作出的规定,课税对象是从量的方面对课税作出的规定
【答案】AD
【解析】课税对象是一种税区别于另一种税的最主要的标志;从实物形态分析,课税对象与计税依据是不一致的;从所得税(包括企业所得税和个人所得税)来看,其课税对象与税源是一致的。计税依据是从量的方面对课税作出的规定,课税对象是从质的方面对课税作出的规定。税目是课税对象的具体化,反映具体的征税范围,解决课税对象的归类。
在我国现行税法中,采用定额税率的税种有( )。 A) 资源税 B) 城镇土地使用税 C) 耕地占用税 D) 土地增值税 E) 城市维护建设税
【答案】ABC
【解析】资源税、城镇土地使用税、车船税和耕地占用税等属于定额税率;土地增值税采取超率累进税率;城市维护建设税采用比例税率。
下列关于累进税率的表述正确的是( )。 A) 相对于全额累进税率而言,超额累进税率的计算方法复杂,但累进程度比较缓和 B) 全额累进税率计算简单,但在累进分界点上税负呈跳跃式,不尽合理 C) 在累进税率条件下,边际税率往往高于平均税率 D) 速算扣除数是为解决全额累进税率计算税款复杂而引入的
【答案】ABC
【解析】速算扣除数是为解决超额累进税率计算税款复杂而引入的。
税率是税收政策的核心要素,下列关于税率的表述正确的有( )。 A) 定额税率与课税对象的价值量大小成正比 B) 比率税率下,税额与课税对象成正比。 C) 在采用定额税率的形式下,由于产品价格变动的总趋势是上升的,产品的税负会呈现累退性。 D) 零税率是以零表示的税率,是免税的一种方式,表明课税对象的持有人负有纳税义务,但不要缴纳税款。
【答案】BCD
【解析】定额税率是根据课税对象计量单位直接规定固定的征收数额,不受课税对象价值量变化的影响。
关于税率及其形式,下列表述正确的有( )。 A) 累进税率形式下,边际税率等于平均税率 B) 在通常情况下,实际税率低于名义税率 C) 零税率是以零表示的税率,是免税的一种方式 D) 定额税率不受课税对象价值量的影响。
【答案】BCD
【解析】在比例税率条件下,边际税率等于平均税率;累进税率形式下,边际税率大于或等于平均税率。通常情况下,实际税率低于名义税率。零税率是以零表示的税率,表明课税对象的持有人负有纳税义务,但不需要缴纳税款,是免税的一种方式。定额税率是根据课税对象计量单位直接规定固定的征收数额,不受课税对象价值量变化的影响。
以下关于减免税的说法正确的是( )。 A) 起征点是在征税对象的全部数额中免予征税的数额 B) 当纳税人收入达到或超过起征点时,就其收入全额征税 C) 税基式减免使用范围最广泛 D) 税率式减免在流转税中运用得最多 E) 起征点可以照顾适用范围内的所有纳税人
【答案】BCD
【解析】选项A是免征额的定义;选项E,起征点只能照顾一部分纳税人,而免征税额则可以照顾适用范围内的所有纳税人。
纳税期限是纳税人向国家缴纳税款的法定期限。下列关于纳税期限的表述正确的有( )。 A) 不同性质的税种,其纳税期限有所不同 B) 我国现行税法中的纳税期限只有按期纳税一种形式 C) 我国个人所得税实行按季征收的纳税期限 D) 房产税实行按年计算分期缴纳的纳税期限。
【答案】AD
【解析】我国现行税制的纳税期限有三种形式:按期纳税、按次纳税和按年计征、分期预缴或缴纳;个人所得税中的劳务报酬所得等均采取按次纳税的办法;房产税实行按年计算、分期缴纳。

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