...Teacher-Developed Assessment Teacher –Developed assessments are an important part of the learning process. When assessments are integrated into the daily lessons in the classroom the information provided will help the teacher determine which students are struggling with the material and the ones who are not struggling that may need work that is more challenging for them. The assessments are important for the students to understand that it can be a positive aspect towards their educational goals. Assessments help motivate students. Teacher made assessments, for this mini lesson for students with Autism, has a few reliable characteristics. One reason that makes this assessment reliable is it directly tests the knowledge that the student was taught over a course of two sessions. Its focus is to insure the student expressive and receptive response to a direct question. In contrast to a standard assessment that may be given to see if the student is retaining all the information provided over a course of three months. The teacher developed assessment’s target is a specific direction as opposed to a main streamed lesson which may be similar but is delivered differently. Another characteristic that would make a teacher –developed assessment reliable is the teacher is able to create the assessment based upon the student’s prior knowledge of the previous drill given. This will showcase the students’ abilities and levels of that specific drill and will allow the teacher to make adjustments...
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...NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS Draft Document – Work in Progress FEBRUARY 2004 ASSESSMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS NCCA Draft Document FEBRUARY 2004 1 Contents Preface 5 1. Introduction 7 Education Act 1998 9 Primary School Curriculum (1999) 10 Developments in assessment since 1990 10 Context and purpose of an overarching statement on assessment 10 The structure of the document 11 2. Recent developments in assessment 13 Assessment for teaching and learning 16 Assessment across the curriculum 16 A range of modes of assessment 17 Assessment and the early identification of learning difficulties 18 Recording and reporting the results of assessment 19 Assessment competencies 19 Professional development for teachers 20 2 3. Re-envisioning assessment 21 What is assessment? 23 Assessment for learning and assessment of learning 23 Assessment and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) 28 Access to assessment information 29 4. General considerations in developing an overarching statement on assessment in primary schools 33 5. Developing a school policy on assessment 37 The use of assessment results for the purposes of assessment for learning 39 The use of assessment results for the purposes of assessment of learning 40 The different dimensions of the child’s learning...
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...Current Research IN READING / LANGUAGE ARTS Understanding Assessment: Putting Together the Puzzle SHEILA W. VALENCIA UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE “No one test or assessment should be asked to serve all the assessment purposes. We need, at this point, a system made up of articulated components, glued together by their adherence to content standards and serving explicit purposes for assessment.” —National Council for Education Standards and Testing, 1992 discussions, and more. Now, 10 years later, we are hearing the same reminder (Brennan, Kim, WenzGross, Siperstein, 2001; Herman, 2001; International Reading Association, 1999). In fact, in July 2001 members of the National Education Association, the nation’s largest teacher’s union, endorsed a policy calling for a combination of standardized tests and other assessment tools such as teacher designed assessments when making important educational decisions (Blair & Archer, 2001). Assessment has always been a part of the educational landscape. However, because assessment can serve so many different purposes and can come in so many different forms, it has been confusing and, sometimes, it has been the subject of contentious debate. Unfortunately, as a result, many of us have come to view assessment as a necessary evil, a requirement rather than a helpful part of instruction. But assessment IS a critical part of instruction and it CAN be useful if we understand the pieces of the puzzle. As far back as 1992, when...
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...EXPERIENTAL LEARNING COURSES FS FIELD STUDY 5 * Your Tools As you observe a class, note down your significant observation of the performance-based activity in the classroom. Then, make a checklist of the important things you wish to consider in your assessment planning. For these tasks, please use the Activity Forms provided for you. For your proposed plan for process-oriented assessment, it is recommended that you use the format that you agreed in your Assessment-2 class. Please remember that the rubrics are part and parcel of your assessment plan. OBSERVATION NOTES | Name of the School Observed: Cagayan State University Andrews CampusYear level & Section: III-J Subject Area: Social ScienceSubject Matter: Micro and Macro Economics Topic: Four Production ProblemsObserved teacher: Mr. Roger Ramos Objective: Perform a simple role-play showing ways on how to solve the four production problems. | Describe in bullets the performance-based activity you observe. * The performance-based assessment task that was given to us portrays real-life situation wherein we were able to use and apply the information we acquired during the discussion. It was an authentic assessment task that is embedded in a context that has some meaning or purpose beyond school or beyond the bounds of the classroom lesson or unit. * It involves all domains of learning: * Cognitive- we are able to use the information that we acquired by thinking on what possible way...
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...English Language Learner’s Assessment English Language Learners, (ELL), have specific tests and procedures that the ELL teacher must follow in order to properly assess each student’s level of proficiency in English. After interviewing the English Language Learner teacher at our school, assessing ELL students gives the both the home teacher and ELL teacher the information needed to develop a SIOP, (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol), for each student. First, all new students are given a home language survey for their parents to fill out. If any language other than English is recorded on the survey, the student is given the WAPT in which this test identifies students who are English Language Learners. Language proficiency levels are determined through the ACCESS test which is given once a year in the early spring, and when the correct levels of English proficiency is determined, then the English Language Learner teacher will devise a plan specially designed to help the ELL student progress in learning English. The students are assessed in listening, speaking, reading, and writing the English language. They are scored on a rubic: one-entering, two-beginning, three-developing, four-expanding, five-bridging, and six-reaching. Then, the results from this assessment are used to make a learning plan for the student. This is a formal assessment, while informal assessments are used and vary throughout the school year. Teachers, (both home and ELL) are given the ACCESS...
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...Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses the...
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...You are working as an elementary school counselor. A kindergarten teacher has requested your advice about a student named Maria, who, with her parents, immigrated to the United States from Costa Rica within the past month. Maria does not speak any English. In this small school district, the kindergarten teachers do an informal kindergarten readiness assessment, but Maria’s teacher only feels comfortable in conducting these assessments in English. She did not assess Maria, but she is concerned about whether Maria is ready for kindergarten, because Maria’s birthday is only two weeks before the cutoff for matriculation. Furthermore, Maria whimpers through most of the school day and does not interact with any of the children on the playground. The teacher wants your advice on how to assess Maria’s level of academic and emotional development Application: Ethical and Multicultural Considerations in Assessment In counseling, many assessment errors may occur when ethical and multicultural guidelines are not taken into consideration. Counselors unfamiliar with these guidelines may threaten the validity of the assessment process, which might result in maladaptive treatment plans, ineffective interventions, and poor prognoses. Knowledge of ethical and multicultural guidelines and awareness of one's own biases are crucial to providing clients with competent care. When you engage in assessment such as interviewing, observing, testing, etc., you do so through the lens of your theoretical...
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...Formal and informal assessments have their advantages and disadvantages. Formal assessments are standardized tests that are designed by test specialists. There are given and scored under a standard condition. Informal assessments are tests designed by teachers for use in their classroom. Standardized tests are a type of formal assessments. Standardized tests are formal assessments because the tests are given in the same manner every time. They are fixed choice tests. It is a published achievement test. These are assessments that have been made to allow students to answer a vast amount of questions in a short time period. Since these tests are standardized they will all be the same unless there are different versions of the same test with the questions in different order. By using the same tests the answers can be machine scored. There will not be any mistakes due to grading error. They are convenient to assess student’s knowledge. These are the advantages of using standardized tests. With any given test there are some disadvantages to them, even those designed to be the best. Since standardized tests are fixed choices tests, they can exaggerate accurate information and minimal level skills at the sacrifice of advanced order problem solving and conceptual skills. They also take away from teaching time. These tests usually last a few hours, and during this time students are not learning. Standardized tests also do not assess the same curriculum. Every state has...
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...(R) CIFS PYP Assessment Policy Assessment in the PYP PYP Definition: Assessment is the gathering and analysis of information about student performance. It identifies what students know(knowledge), understand(concepts), can do(skills) and feel(attitudes/action) at various stages in the learning process. It is the means by which we analyze student learning and the effectiveness of our teaching and acts as a foundation on which to base our future planning and practice. It is central to our goal of guiding the child, from novice to expert, through the learning process. (Primary Years Program Assessment Handbook, January 2000. © International Baccalaureate Organization) Assessment is an integral part of the PYP curriculum which is the sum total of learning and teaching in schools. It is made up of three closely interrelated components. The written curriculum or What do we want to learn? The five essential elements: knowledge, concepts, skills, attitudes and action which the school identifies in the written curriculum. The taught curriculum or How best will we learn? The teaching strategies which will best support the types of learning that the programme seeks to promote. The assessed curriculum or How will we know what we have learned? Approaches to assessment, recording and reporting. (Making the PYP Happen: Figure 3, September 2000. © International...
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...correcting papers or recording information. On the spot checking of the activities Discussions of the correct answers in the class (that way, answers can be explained) 4. What is your schools’ policy for grading and maintaining student records? Permanent record folders? Subject-related progress charts? Permanent record folders- teachers should always be giving related activities to the students according to the subject matter. All of it should be graded so that students as well as the teacher will see the progress, the strengths and weaknesses of the students which the teacher can assess properly in such a way that the students’ records will be noted carefully. FORM 2 for FS 5 (For Field Study Student and Field Study Teacher) Assessing Student Activities: Product vs. Process Many classrooms are using an eclectic approach that involves both the process and the product. Discuss how you assess your students. SHARE YOUR PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICAL STRATEGIES FOR THE FOLLOWING: 1. How do you score student papers, projects, and written assignments? Are there certain procedures to follow? Explain. • As a future teacher the best way to score...
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...EMM310 Assessment Item 2 Due: 15th October Length: 10 – 12 pages (Assessment marking criteria & Appendix 1 not included in page count) Measurement and Geometry A student: - makes, compares, sketches and names three-dimensional objects, including prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres, and describes their features MA2-14MG | Working mathematically A student: - uses appropriate terminology to describe, and symbols to represent, mathematical ideas MA2-1WM - checks the accuracy of a statement and explains the reasoning used MA2-3WM | | Outcome/s | Lesson activities/ content | Prior knowledge | Relation to other strands | Other KLAs | Diverse learners | 1 | Measurement and GeometryMA2-14MG Working mathematically MA2-1WMMA2-3WM | - Revise 2D shapes- Find out prior knowledge of 3D objects – what do the students already know? Are there any misconceptions?- Using large versions of various 3D shapes, identify each object. Discuss the features of each shape e.g. faces, edges etc. - As a class, place the objects into groups based on similar features. Ensure students use reasoning for placing shapes into a certain group | - Students are already familiar with recognising and describing 3D shapes from stage 1 | Working mathematically MA2-1WM,MA2-3WM | EnglishEN2-1A | Visual Auditory/ linguistic | 2 | Measurement and GeometryMA2-14MG | - Discuss features of 3D shapes describing similarities and differences – focus on language e.g. faces, vertex, base, side...
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...LADLAN-A/1/2005±2008 DLL301-Q/1/2005±2008 LLL301-E/1/2005±2008 97636509 3b2 SDLANG style CONTENTS FOREWORD xii STUDY UNIT 1 _______________________________________________________________________ OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE TEACHING 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 2 1.2 WHY DID SOUTH AFRICA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM NEED TO CHANGE? 3 1.3 WHAT IS OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION? 3 1.3.1 What are the characteristics of outcomes-based education? 3 1.3.2 The difference between the old and the new approach 4 1.4 OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION PRINCIPLES AND TERMINOLOGY 6 1.4.1 Learning area 6 1.4.2 Critical outcomes 7 1.4.3 Learning outcomes 8 1.4.4 Assessment standards 9 1.4.5 Assessment 9 1.4.6 Themes 9 1.5 PLANNING AN OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION LEARNING UNIT 11 1.6 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY UNIT 11 1.7 CONCLUSION 12 STUDY UNIT 2 _______________________________________________________________________ TEACHING LANGUAGE IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 13 2.1 INTRODUCTION 14 2.2 MULTILINGUALISM 14 2.3 HOME LANGUAGE, FIRST AND SECOND ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES 15 2.4 SWITCHING AND MIXING CODES 16 2.5 LANGUAGE TEACHING IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 18 2.6 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING 19 iii 2.7 LANGUAGES WITH HIGH AND LOW STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA 21 2.8 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY UNIT 23 2.9 CONCLUSION ...
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...Psycho-Educational Assessment: Principles and Practices Name Institution Psycho-Educational Assessment: Principles and Practices Question A The key objectives of psychological assessment for Jimmy based on the assessment process entail testing using different techniques. This will help in arriving at a hypothesis concerning Jimmy’s behavior. The assessment process for Jimmy may entail conducting of a norm-referenced test. This is a standardized psychological test, which is a task that is conducted under standard conditions. This is a key objective in Jimmy’s assessment process because it will help assess some aspects of Jimmy’s knowledge, personality, or skills. The norm-referenced psychological test is standardized on a defined group, which is known as the norm group. This is scaled to ensure that every person’s score reflects a rank in the norm group (Andrews, Janzen, & Saklofske, 2001, p. 51). The norm-referenced test will be essential for Jimmy’s assessment process because it assesses areas such as intelligence, visual motor skills, and adaptive behavior. Interviews may also be conducted during the assessment process because they help in obtaining valuable information. An examination of Jimmy’s case shows that different individuals will be involved during the process. For example, Jimmy’s parents, his teachers, and other people familiar with him like his grandmother may be interviewed (Andrews, Janzen & Saklofske, 2001, p. 59). The other objective of the...
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...CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 10 l Classroom Assessment LE ARNI NG OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define assessment; 2. Explain the basic concepts in assessment; 3. Explain how to plan for assessment; 4. Describe types of assessment in the classroom; 5. Explain what is teacher-made tests; 6. Describe what is standardized tests; and 7. Explain what is authentic assessment. 254 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 10 l CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION One of the most basic and difficult task that teachers face in their work is the process of assessment. Classroom assessment includes all the process involved in making decisions about students learning progress. It includes the observation of students’ written work, their answers to questions in class, and performance on teacher-made and standardized tests. According to (Koyalik, 2002 as cited in Eggen & Kauchak, 2004): i. It facilitates teachers in decision making about learning progress through systematic information gathering. Besides that, assessment also accomplishes two other important goals; increasing learning and increasing motivation. The relationship between learning and assessment is very strong. Students learn more in classes where assessment is an integral part of instruction than in those where it isn’t. Brief assessment that provides frequent feedback about learning progress is more effective than long, infrequent ones, like once-a-term tests. 255 255 CLASSROOM...
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...Each subject, each assignment warrants its own method of grading or documentation depending on what the grade level expectation consists of. Using traditional grading methods, rubrics, portfolios and anecdotal records make for a wellrounded assessment practice. Using these assessment practices in combination allows for a better look at a student’s progress with standards. You will no doubt use traditional multiple choice, fill in the blank, true or false type assessments but for those assessments that aren’t nearly as straightforward, other methods are necessary. Anecdotal Records Anecdotal records are a great way to document student behaviours and academic progress over time. They can be useful in diagnosing a student’s difficulty in a particular subject area or simply to show mastering of a standard. Traditionally the teacher will take brief notes on a student’s interactions within the classroom with subject matter and peers. By keeping such notes, the teacher has a point of reference for the planning of how instruction as well as an additional tool for communication to parents of their child's progress. Maintaining a consistent system for taking anecdotal notes will ensure success when using this type of informal assessment. One method of keeping anecdotal records is to create a clipboard or file folder with note cards, one for each student, cascading down in an overlapping fashion. As you are observing, simply flip to the child’s card that you are observing...
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