Zoological Studies 41(4): 403-411 (2002)
Six New Species of Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Hui- Sun Experimental Forest Station, Taiwan
You-Hui Bao1 and Xian-Jin Peng2,*
1Department of Zoology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China 2Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
(Accepted July 16, 2002)
You-Hui Bao and Xian-Jin Peng (2002) Six new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Hui- Sun Experimental Forest Station, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 41(4): 403-411. The present paper reports on 6 new species of jumping spiders (Chinattus taiwanensis, Euophrys albopalpalis, Euophrys bulbus, Pancorius tai- wanensis, Neon zonatus, and Spartaeus ellipticus) collected from pitfall traps established in Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Taiwan. Detailed morphological characteristics are given. Except for Pancorius, all other genera are reported from Taiwan for the 1st time. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/41.4/403.pdf
Key words: Chinattus, Euophrys, Pancorius, Neon, Spartaeus.
Jumping spiders of the family Salticidae are the most specious taxa in the Araneae, and cur- rently a total of 510 genera and more than 4600 species have been documented (Platnick 1998). However, the diversity of jumping spiders in Taiwan is poorly understood. Until very recently, only 18 species from 10 genera had been described, almost all of which were published in the 19th century (Chen 1996). Despite the fact that the diversity of jumping spiders is the highest globally among the Araneae fauna, the document- ed number of Taiwanese salticid species has remained static since the early 20th century. This situation was somewhat rectified when Peng and Li (2002) and Peng et al. (2002) reported 15 new or new-record species from 12 genera. However, considering Taiwan,s subtropical/tropical climate and extremely high level of habitat heterogeneity, we are still far from even a preliminary under- standing of jumping spider diversity on this island.
Recently, a group project was conducted at Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station to monitor the effect of ecosystem management on biodiver- sity and microenvironments (Ou 1999). For this project, many pitfall traps were established in 2 planted red cypress stands to investigate the diversity and community structure of forest under- story invertebrates. During the survey, a large number of spiders were obtained, and among them were 6 species of jumping spiders that are new to science. In this paper, we describe the external morphology and genital structures of these 6 species. The supplementary taxa described in the present paper increase salticid diversity in Taiwan to 39 species in 26 genera.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
*To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: xjpeng@263.net. 403
Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station (24 04,N; ,°
121°01 E, with an area of 7400 ha) is situated in the central mountainous area of Taiwan and is a research and recreational facility operated by the Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing Univ., Taiwan. The ecosystem management study sites are in planted stands 242 (5.61 ha) and 249 (28.16 ha). The elevation of these 2 planted red cypress stands ranges from 1600 to 1850 m. In total, twen- ty-nine pitfall traps were established in these planted stands. Six surveys of understory invertebrates
404 Zoological Studies 41(4): 403-411 (2002) were conducted between Apr. 1998 and July 1999; the surveys were discontinued after a major earth- quake hit Taiwan on Sept. 21 1999. During each survey, traps were opened for 12 days. Details regarding the subsequent processing of specimens can be found in Wang et al. (2001).
All voucher specimens used in this study are deposited at the Zoology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNH-THU-Ar-). Measurements are in millime- ters. Legs were measured as follows: total length (length of femur, length of patella and tibia, length of metatarsus, length of tarsus). Scale bars are equal to 1.00 mm for all figures of the body and to 0.10 for figures of genital structures. Abbreviations used in this paper include: AER: anterior eye row, ALE: anterior lateral eye, AME: anterior median eye, EFL: length of eye field, PER: posterior eye row, and PLE: posterior lateral eye.
SPECIES ACCOUNTS Chinattus taiwanensis sp. nov.
(Figs. 1-5) Male: Total length 3.90. Carapace length 2.10, width 1.50; abdominal length 1.80, width 1.30. AER 1.40, PER 1.35, EFL 0.30, AME 0.45, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.25. Height of clypeus 0.10. Legs: I 3.80 (1.20, 1.50, 0.60, 0.50); II 2.90 (1.00, 1.00, 0.50, 0.40); III missing; IV 3.70 (1.20, 1.20, 0.80, 0.50).
Carapace (Fig. 1) blackish brown with black margin; white hairs short and sparse; lateral and anterior areas black with long brown hairs; fovea black and short; cervical and radial grooves indis- tinct. Sternum elongated oval; wider anteriorly; median area bulging outward, dark brownish gray; margin blackish gray with sparse brown hairs. Clypeus blackish, height shorter than 1/2 of radius of AME, anterior margin with a row of long brown setae. Chelicera blackish brown, with 2 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth (Fig. 5). Labium blackish brown, distal area lighter. Endites brown, distal area yellowish brown with dense hairs. Palp cov- ered with dense white hairs, tibia and cymbium dark brown, remaining segments light yellowish brown. Legs grayish black with sparse hairs and spines, markings yellowish brown; tibia I with 3 pairs of ven- tral spines; tibia II with 1 prolateral and 3 retrolateral spines on ventral sides; metatarsi I and II each with 2 pairs of ventral spines. Abdomen (Fig. 1) some- what cylindrical, slightly wider anteriorly. Dorsum grayish black with short thin brown hairs; two pairs
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Figs. 1-5. Chinattus taiwanensis sp. nov. 1. Body of male. 2. Palpal organ, ventral. 3. Ditto, retrolateral. 4. Ditto, dorsal. 5. Teeth of chelicera.
Bao and Peng - New Salticids from Hui-Sun 405 of muscular depressions; lateral areas with many inclined black striae; median area with 5 short arc- shaped bands. Ventral side grayish black; lateral areas also with many inclined black striae; median area with 4 lines of lightly colored dots. Spinnerets grayish brown. Palpal organ (Figs. 2-4): embolus short, finger-shaped (Fig. 2) in ventral view; tibial apophysis short, distal portion hook-shaped (Figs. 2, 4) in ventral and dorsal views; bulb with a small lateral conic apophysis (Fig. 3) in retrolateral view.
Holotype: ♂, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, June 1998, Coll. Hai- Yin Wu (NMNH-THU-Ar-00-0032).
Distribution: Taiwan.
Diagnosis: The new species resembles C. validus (Xie, Peng and Kim 1993, Peng and Xie 1995), but differs in the following: 1. In ventral view of palpal organ (Fig. 2), bulb of the new species lacks distinct upper apophysis found in C. validus; this apophysis of C. validus is very developed and extends beyond the outside of the cymbium. 2. Tibial apophysis much thinner and sharper; distal portion hook-shaped in the new species but stout in C. validus. 3. Embolus much longer than that of C. validus in retrolateral view.
Etymology: The specific name is derived from the type locality, Taiwan.
Euophrys albopalpalis sp. nov. (Figs. 6-10)
Male: Total length 2.80-2.85. Holotype mea- sured: carapace length 1.50, width 1.15. Abdominal length 1.30, width 1.00. AER 1.15, PER 1.05, EFL 0.60, AME 0.375, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.175. Legs: I 2.40 (0.70, 1.00, 0.40, 0.30); II 2.20 (0.70, 0.80, 0.40, 0.30); III 3.00 (1.10, 1.00, 0.50, 0.40); IV 3.05 (1.00, 0.95, 0.70, 0.40); formula 4,3,1,2.
Carapace (Fig. 6) blackish brown with sparse white and brown hairs; margin, base of each eye, lat- eral and anterior sides of ocular area black; fovea black, to its front with a wide“W”-shaped black marking. Sternum oval with long brown hairs; med- ian area slightly bulging outward and blackish brown; margins black. Clypeus dark brown with sparse brown hairs, height of clypeus shorter than 1/2 of radius of AME. Chelicera dark brown, with 2 promar- ginal and 1 retromarginal teeth (Fig. 10). Endites and labium dark brown, distal areas lightly colored with dense hairs. Legs blackish brown with yellowish- brown annuli or lines; spines sparse and weak; tibiae I and II each with 3 pairs of ventral spines, metatarsi I and II each with 2 pairs. Abdomen (Fig. 6) oval. Dorsum: anterior margin with dense white hairs; later- al areas with black irregularly inclined striae; median
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Figs. 6-10. Euophrys albopalpalis sp. nov. 6. Body of male. 7. Male palpal organ, ventral. 8. Ditto, retrolateral. 9. Ditto, dorsal. 10. Teeth of chelicera.
406 Zoological Studies 41(4): 403-411 (2002) area with a pair of lightly colored triangular markings and 4 lightly colored arc-shaped transverse bands. Ventral side dark grayish brown, no distinct marking. Spinneret grayish brown. Palpal organ (Figs. 7-9): distal area of tibia and basal of cymbium with dense long white hairs (Figs. 8-9); tibial apophysis long and thin, distal portion hook-shaped in retrolateral view (Fig. 8); embolus long and spiraled on top of bulb, distal end cap-shaped (Figs. 7, 8); sperm duct very distinct and sinuous (Figs. 7, 8).
Type specimens: Holotype: Maolan Natural Conservation Area, Libo Co., Guizhou, No.114, 1994, Coll. Wang Xin-Ping. Paratypes: 1♂, Hui- Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, Oct. 1997, Coll. Hai-Yin Wu (NMNH-THU- Ar-00-0045); 1♂, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, Apr. 1999, Coll. Sheng-Hai Wu (NMNH-THU-Ar-00-0044).
Distribution: Guizhou, Taiwan
Diagnosis: The new species is allied to E. nepalica Zabka, 1979 (Zabka 1979), but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1. distal portion of the embolus cap-shaped, that of E. nepalica sharp; 2. distal end of the tibial apophysis stout, that of E. nepalica sharp; and 3. cymbium and tibia with dense long white hairs, which are absent in E. neplica.
Etymology: The specific name is derived from the presence of dense long white hairs covering the palp of the new species. Albo- is a Latin prefix, meaning white.
Euophrys bulbus sp. nov. (Figs. 11-14)
Female: Total length 3.09. Carapace length 1.49, width 1.10. Abdominal length 1.60, width 1.05. AER 1.10, PER 1.00, EFL 1.10, AME 0.37, ALE 0.20, PLE 0.20. Height of clypeus 0.10. Legs: I 2.25 (0.75, 0.80, 0.40, 0.30); II 1.95 (0.60, 0.75, 0.30, 0.30); III 2.50 (0.80, 0.80, 0.45, 0.45); IV 2.90 (0.90, 1.00, 0.60, 0.40); formula 4,3,1,2.
Carapace (Fig. 11) dark brown with black mar- gin and ocular area; hairs sparse, white or brown, base of AER with a row of long setae; fovea longitu- dinal, reddish brown, anteriorly connected with a wide“W”-shaped black marking; cervical and radial grooves not very clear. Sternum elongated oval; median area bulging outward and grayish brown; margin brown with long brown hairs. Clypeus dark brown with a row of long brown setae; anterior mar- gin white, lateral areas light brown; clypeus height about the 1/2 of radius of AME. Chelicera dark brown with lightly colored distal area; two promar- ginal teeth, retromarginal fissidentati with 4 cusps (Fig. 14). Endites grayish brown; distal area light
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Figs. 11-14. Euophrys bulbus sp. nov. 11. Body of female. 12. Epigynum. 13. Vulva. 14. Teeth of chelicera.
Bao and Peng - New Salticids from Hui-Sun 407 brown with grayish black hairs. Labium about as long as wide, grayish brown; distal area lightly col- ored with grayish black setae. Palp dark brown with grayish black markings; anterior sides of tarsus with stout feather-shaped hairs. Legs dark brown with grayish black markings; spines sparse and stout; ventral side of tibia I with 2 prolateral and 3 retrolat- eral spines; ventral side of tibia II with 1 prolateral and 2 retrolateral spines; metatarsi I and II each with 2 pairs of long ventral spines. Abdomen (Fig. 11) somewhat cylindrical. Dorsum: lateral areas with many inclined grayish black striae; median area grayish black with light brown markings; 3 pairs of muscular depressions with 1st pair smallest; to front of the posterior with 1 arc-shaped transverse band having 1 inclined stria on each side. Ventral side yellowish white without distinct marking, posterior end grayish black. Spinnerets grayish brown. Epigynum (Fig. 12) with 2 large circular depressions separated by a very narrow septum, wall weakly sclerotized, spermathecae visible before maceration in ventral view. Vulva (Fig. 13): spermathecae large and spherical, with a membranous mass on top of each spermatheca; copulatory canal somewhat long; fertilization duct not visible.
Holotype: ♀, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, Apr. 1998, Coll. Hai- Yin Wu (NMNH-THU-Ar-00-0037).
Distribution: Taiwan.
Diagnosis: The new species is similar to E. atrata Song and Chai, 1992 (Song and Chai 1992), but differs from the latter by: 1. spermatheca much bigger and spherical, that of E. atrata flask- shaped; 2. fertilization duct not visible in new species, while very clear in E. atrata; 3. copulatory canal much thinner and longer; and 4. chelicera with a 4-cusp retromarginal fissidentati in new species, but unidentate in E. atrata.
Etymology: The specific name is derived from the spherical spermatheca of the vulva.
Pancorius taiwanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 15-18)
Female: Total length 7.10. Carapace length 3.20, width 2.50. Abdominal length 3.90, width 2.60. AER 2.30, PER 2.20, EFL 1.40, AME 0.70, ALE 0.40, PLE 0.40. Clypeus height 0.25. Legs: I 5.45 (1.75, 2.20, 0.90, 0.60); II 5.05 (1.65, 2.00, 0.90, 0.50); III 6.20 (2.00, 2.30, 1.20, 0.70); IV 5.90 (1.80, 2.10, 1.20, 0.80); formula 3,4,1,2.
Carapace (Fig. 15) blackish brown with dense short white and long brown hairs; fovea brown, located in a large lightly colored marking; cervical and radial grooves indistinct. Sternum shield- shaped; median area bulging outward; brown with
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Figs. 15-18. Pancorius taiwanensis sp. nov. 15. Body of female. 16. Epigynum. 17. Vulva. 18. Teeth of chelicera.
408 Zoological Studies 41(4): 403-411 (2002) dark hairs; margin blackish brown. Clypeus dark brown with long white or brown hairs; height longer than 1/2 of the radius of AME. Chelicera dark brown and strong; 2 promarginal and 1 large retro- marginal teeth (Fig.18). Palps and legs dark brown with thin white and brown hairs; spines long and large; tibiae I and II each with 3 pairs of long ventral spines, metatarsi I and II each with 2 pairs. Abdomen (Fig.15) elongated oval, narrower poste- riorly. Dorsum: Gray with thin hairs; lateral areas with many inclined black striae; each side of anteri- or part with a lightly colored inclined band; median area with grayish yellow bands originating from anterior margin and ending at posterior end; two pairs of muscular depressions. Ventral side gray- ish brown, median area with 3 darker longitudinal bands; lateral areas also with many inclined striae; end grayish black. Spinnerets dark brown. Epigynum (Fig.16) weakly sclerotized; internal structure visible before maceration; basal plate with angular apophyses; copulatory opening small and transverse. Vulva (Fig. 17): spermatheca with 2 chambers, lower one much larger, bean-shaped; copulatory canal not visible.
Holotype: ♀, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, Feb. 1998, Coll. Hai- Yin Wu (NMNH-THU-AR-00-0034).
Distribution: Taiwan.
Diagnosis: The new species resembles P. magnus Zabka, 1985 (Zabka 1985), but differs in: 1. copulatory opening transverse, wider in the new species, but diagonal and brow-shaped in P. mag- nus; 2. lower chamber of spermatheca bean- shaped and much larger than upper one in the new species, but spherical and slightly larger than upper one in P. magnus; 3. epigynum much wider than that of P. magnus.
Etymology: The specific name is derived from the type locality, Taiwan.
Neon zonatus sp. nov. (Figs. 19-21)
Female: Total length 2.25. Carapace length 0.95, width 0.80. Abdominal length 1.30, width 1.10. AER 0.80, PER 0.85, EFL 0.55, AME 0.27, ALE 0.17, PLE 0.17. Clypeus height 0.10. Legs: I 1.80 (0.60, 0.70, 0.25, 0.25); II 1.40 (0.45, 0.50, 0.25, 0.20); III 1.65 (0.60, 0.55, 0.25, 0.25); IV missing.
Carapace (Fig. 19) grayish brown with dense white hairs; lateral and anterior sides of ocular area, carapace margin black; median portion of ocular area light yellowish brown; cervical and radial grooves, fovea indistinct; cephalic region flat, thoracic region sharply slopping. Sternum
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Figs. 19-21. Neon zonatus sp. nov. 19. Body of female. 20. Epigynum. 21. Vulva.
Bao and Peng - New Salticids from Hui-Sun 409 inverse pear-shaped with sparse thin hairs; grayish brown with dark brown margin. Clypeus light brown, with large grayish black marking; anterior margin black; area below AMEs with several long brown setae; height longer than 1/2 of the radius of AME. Chelicera light brown with large grayish black longitudinal markings; 2 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. Palp with long white hairs. Palp and legs light brown with distinct black patch- es or longitudinal annuli; spines long and robust; tibiae I and II each with 3 pairs of long ventral spines, metatarsi I and II each with 2 pairs. Abdomen wide oval, slightly wider anteriorly. Dorsum light brown with distinct black arc-shaped markings (Fig. 19), anterior 3 ones connected medially; posterior end black; a small black circular marking in front of posterior end. Ventral side: median area light brown with a grayish black longi- tudinal band; lateral areas and posterior end with irregular reticulations. Spinnerets grayish brown. Epigynum (Fig. 20) weakly sclerotized, internal structure visible; 2 large circular atria encircled by circular bands. Vulva (Fig. 21): copulatory canals very long, twisted or looped; spermatheca not dis- tinctly swollen; copulatory opening small.
Holotype: ♀, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, Apr. 25, 1999, Coll. Sheng-Hai Wu (NMNH-THU-Ar-00-0043).
Distribution: Taiwan.
Diagnosis: The new species is similar to N. minutus Zabka, 1985 (Logunov 1998) in the appearance of the epigynum, but differs in: 1. vulva, especially the structure of the portion near the copulatory opening; and 2. abdominal patterns quite different, the new species with wide trans- verse black bands extending from left side to right, while N. minutus only has short irregular black lon- gitudinal bars or transverse bands.
Etymology: The new specific name is derived from the characteristic bands on the abdominal dorsum.TheLatinword“zonatus”meansband- shaped.
Spartaeus ellipticus sp. nov. (Figs. 22-25)
Female: Total length 5.60-5.90. Holotype measured: total length 5.60. Carapace length 2.40, width 1.80. Abdominal length 3.20, width 2.20. AER 1.80, PER 1.70, EFL 1.20, AME 0.60, ALE 0.35, PLE 0.30. Clypeus height 0.10. Legs: I 5.00 (1.50, 1.90, 1.00, 0.60); II 4.80 (1.40, 1.90, 1.00, 0.50); III 4.90 (1.50, 1.70, 1.10, 0.60); IV 6.60 (1.90, 2.20, 1.60, 0.90); formula 4,1,3,2.
Carapace (Fig. 22) blackish brown with black margin; base of each eye and lateral sides of ocu-
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Figs. 22-25. Spartaeus ellipticus sp. nov. 22. Body of female. 23. Epigynum. 24. Vulva. 25. Teeth of Chelicera.
410 Zoological Studies 41(4): 403-411 (2002) lar area black; lateral sides of carapace and anteri- or margin of ocular area covered with dense hairs; fovea long and linear, dark brown with 2 longitudi- nal black bands on its lateral sides; a large light brown marking running from PME to posterior end. Sternum elongated oval with short hairs; brown with darker margin; median area bulging outward; four pairs of gray markings corresponding to coxae of legs. Clypeus dark brown; anterior margin black with a row of long brown hairs; two long and robust setae in the area below AME. Chelicera brown, with 5 larger promarginal and 10 much smaller retromarginal teeth (Fig. 25). Endites and labium brown; distal areas lightly colored with dense dark brown hairs. Palps and legs brown with short hairs; spines dense, long and strong; tibiae I, II and metatarsi I, II each with 3 pairs of long ventral spines; tarsi with 2 circles of stout spines. Abdomen elongated oval (Fig. 22). Dorsum gray- ish brown with dark posterior lateral sides; covered with brown hairs and dark patches. Ventral side grayish brown with dark lateral areas. Spinnerets grayish brown. Epigynum (Fig. 23) weakly sclero- tized, egg plant-shaped spermathecae connected by“V”-shaped band clearly visible before macera- tion. Vulva (Fig. 24): spermathecae egg plant- shaped; base plate shaped as a wide band; an
“r”-shaped membranous structure connected with 2 spermathecae and base plate; copulatory canal not visible.
Type specimens: Holotype: ♀, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, Apr. 1998, Coll. Sheng-Hai Wu (NMNH-THU-Ar- 00-0042). Paratype: 1♀, Hui-Sun Experimental Forest Station, Nantou Co., Taiwan, July 30, 1998, Coll. Sheng-Hai Wu (NMNH-THU-Ar-00-0041).
Distribution: Taiwan.
Diagnosis: The new species is allied to S. thailandica Wanless, 1984 (Wanless 1984), but can be distinguished by: 1. spermathecae connect- ed by a“V”-shaped band which is absent in S. thailandica; 2. spermathecae slenderer, upper end as big as lower one, but that of S. thailandica with distinctly larger upper end; 3. tibia I with 3 pairs of long ventral spines in new species, but with 8 pairs in S. thailandica; and 4. body size much smaller. The total length of the larger specimen of the new species is only 5.60, but that of S. thailandica can reach 8.40.
Etymology: The new specific name is derived from the shape of the spematheca.
Acknowledgments: We would like to express our special thanks to Dr. I-Min Tso, (Department of
Biology, Tunghai Univ., Taichung, Taiwain), who contributed much to the contents of introduction and materials and methods of this paper, and sup- plied most of materials used in this study. Sincere appreciation should be given to Hai-Yin Wu (Department of Natural Resource Management, National Tung-Huwa Univ.) for providing pitfall trap specimens. We are also indebted to I-Chia Chou and Chung-Li Huang (Department of Biology, Tunghai Univ.) for their assistance in sorting the pitfall trap specimens. This study was supported by Council of Agriculture grants (88-Science & Technology-1.7-Forestry-04, 88-Agricultural Construction-8.1-Forestry-01 (4)) to SH Wu.
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