...Online – Axia College There was a perplexing problem in the early 1800’s because the rate of women incarcerated was much lower than the rates of women incarcerated today. In reality women’s prisons did not exist, therefore the jails often treated women the same as they did the men, as well the women were punished the same way the men were “with the exception that pregnant women were often spared punishment until after they had given birth” (Foster, 2006, pg. 32). Most women incarcerated were because of prostitution and stealing. Foster also states that women incarcerated were generally mixed with the makes and they were supervised by males. (Foster 2006, pg. 32). According to Foster this began to change when Elizabeth Gurney Fry took a visit to Newgate Prison in 1813. Gurney Fry organized the Association for the Improvement of the Female Prisoners on 1817. In 1863, the Detroit House of Correction was opened. This facility had a unit separated for the women, and there were female guards in this unit. In today’s society, the female prisons are much like the male prisons. They operate with increased security concerns, and there are special housing units for the disorderly. While there was a movement to improve the prisons for women there were also reformers who were working hard to help reform the laws for children. In that era children who committed crimes were treated like the adults who committed crimes. As time passed, it was seen that children could not reason like adults do...
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...I would describe the prison environment as a tough a scary environment. There are numerous different types of criminals and you do not get to chose who your cellmate is. I think this creates a scary environment because some inmates commit more severe crimes then others, and it might be scary to live with someone 24/7 and not know what they are going to do to you when you go to sleep. The prison environment influence institutional management and custodies in many different ways. There are cliques in prison that range from gang groups, the white supremacist, and black cliques. When dealing with all of these different groups you have to be mindful of what is going on around you and you have to be sensitive to the races. Certain Strategies were put in place to separate these groups if things happened. They separate groups, put leaders in isolation; they also have started special teams to deal with these types of issues. I think any change would improve institutional management. I think if the prisons were actually controlled by the court system that might help. Maybe they could implement some sort of systems to put fear in the inmates so that they are easily maintained and understand what will happen if they have the slightest issues or cause the slightest problems within the prison system. Secure custody is when there is a request by workers from the prison to move someone, whether it is because they are a sex offender or various other offenders, this is done to ensure their...
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...will address my findings for this article and what recommendation I believe should happen. Overview The Internet Article that I have chosen is from the Virginia's Department of Juvenile Justice. In this article, the Director of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) Mr. Andrew Block has proposed a $66 million plan to the Virginia legislators in the hope of building two new detention facilities that will focus more on rehabilitation, counseling, and various services. Mr. Block told legislative budget writers Monday that the new facilities that he plans to build will probably pay for themselves. Shortly, Mr. Block also stated that his $200 million operating budget will spare new annual cut which will help return shift resources to rebuild prevention and treatment program that has had substantial cut over the last ten years. In spite of some pushback from the legislative committee the vice chairman of the committee, Mr. Steve Landes admitted the plans sounded doable. Into furthermore better his case Mr. Brock bought statistic that showed why the DJJ wants to focus more on rehabilitation instead of the “Old sprawling and expensive” way like Bon Air and Beaumont detention center. According to the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ), the statistic stated 59 percent of the children the States locks up reports physical abuse, 58 percent parent criminal activity, 46 percent parent incarceration and 31 percent parent substance abuse (Daily Press 2015)...
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...everything we teach them is utilized to help them to become productive citizens. The last thing parents want is for their children to become juvenile delinquents. There is a saying that goes, “it takes a village to raise child”, which may be true, yet nobody wants to acknowledge or accept the fact their children is a delinquent, and do they want advice on ways to steer their child (ren) back on the right path of productiveness. Instead of feeling like we are failures and try to ignore our children’s behavior, parents should continue to show their children love by working hard to get them the help they need that would deter them from their criminal behaviors and activities. When dealing with juvenile delinquents, the first place we look for help is the juvenile justice system. I feel that too many parents and citizens look to the juvenile justice system for help correcting the behaviors of delinquent juveniles. Because so many people are depending on the juvenile justice system, they should take all necessary measures to aid juvenile delinquents on their return back to society as successful adults. For this reason, I strongly believe the juvenile justice system should focus on punishment instead of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation should not be completely replaced by punishment but instead it should collaborate with punishment to better deter juveniles from their criminal activities. I believed that rehabilitation can be successful for first time offenders and those who commit less serious...
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...How would you define prison environment? Prison environment is cramped and confined and a dangerous environment. There are many inmate customs, etiquette or rules to abide by, or a convicted individual may be subjected to physical harm or death. The most obvious characteristic of the prison environment is the absence of privacy. The absence of privacy is a deliberate punishment, lavatories are within the individual cells are within three feet of the individual’s cellmate. It is difficult if not impossible for an inmate to be completely alone during incarceration, there are only three places an inmate can be at any time, his or her cell, the common housing area, or on the yard (Foster, 2006). How does prison environment influence institutional management and custody? There are many cliques in the prison environment generally separated by race or gang affiliation. These cliques influence the institutional management and custody in a variety of ways. General management and daily interaction of inmates must be respectful and sensitive to the race factor. Strategies were developed to combat prison gangs, these strategies include; segregation, isolation of gang leaders, jacketing or labeling and categorizing gang members for intelligence purposes, deprogramming, and placement of gang members in high-security prisons. Special corrections officer response teams were formed to manage inmates. These teams are known as Special Operations Response Team or SORT teams (Foster, 2006)...
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...1.Mary carpenter was an English educator and juvenile rehabilitator, who strongly advocated reformatories for juveniles and houses of corrections for the idle. She was a powerful influence in New South Wales into the 20th century. She stated, “treatment should be according to the individuals need rather than being controlled by the offense he or she committed.” Stress was on the quality and adaptability of the offender. The movement advocated what could be seen as preventative justice that attempted to condition offenders against further offenses. 2.Inalienable rights are rights that inherent to being a human. They cannot be taken away and are considered the basis of human life. They are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and are not granted nor conditional. 3.On 5March1770 a group had gathered a round a British sentry stationed in front of the Custom House. Being that he was alone, he feared for his life and called for reinforcements. Six additional men showed up, and soon after shots were fired by the British soldiers that left three people dead and fatally wounded two others. John Adams and Josiah Quincy were called to defend the British soldiers and accepted. Although their own lives were now in danger they believed strongly that no man should want for competent counsel in his defense, and that the soldiers were innocent until proven guilty in the courts. 4.Social Darwinism arose during the civil war years and produced a fascination with laissez faire economics...
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...Critically assess the claim that juvenile delinquency was legislated into existence in the nineteenth century. After a few preliminary comments contextualising the claim, I will; 1. Explore the changes in Legislation and Law enforcement agencies in the early to mid-nineteenth century focusing on the ways in which they contributed to the development of the concept of ‘juvenile delinquency’. 2. Consider the arguments of nineteenth century social investigators and reformers and their influence both on the legislative process and on the construction of the concept of juvenile delinquency. 3. Finally and by way of a conclusion, briefly discuss the broader social economic and political context of nineteenth century reforms in order to suggest that whilst legislation is important, the claim in the question overstates its significance. The idea that there can be a juvenile delinquent is impossible without the concept of childhood as a distinct phase of individual growth and development. ‘Childhood’ has become a universal category; a status which affords particular rights, for example those outlined in agreements between states such as the universal declaration of the rights of the child. This recognition of the special status of ‘childhood’ is a social construct (Hendrick, 2002). We may take our understanding of what it is to be a child for granted as ‘natural’ but it is not until the late middle ages that a period and morality of childhood began to be distinguished...
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...Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases? Robert Horn Post University The purpose of the Adult Criminal Justice system is to punish offenders according to the severity of the crime committed. The juvenile justice system’s aim is to rehabilitate or mentor the juvenile offenders, in the hope that they can prevent further crimes, and to change their behavior. The motivating principle of the juvenile system is rehab. The reason for this is because juveniles are not fully developed, mentally or physically. Many Juvenile offenders come from broken homes, been abused, or come from bad neighborhoods. Juvenile offenders need a second chance, because they have not even received a first chance. Rehabilitation is the best option for them because of the way they would be exploited and turned into criminals if they were sent directly to prison. If given the chance, the Juvenile Justice System can aid in successfully rehabilitating youthful offenders so they are not inclined to commit future crimes. With this reasoning, juveniles cannot be blamed or accountable for their actions the same way adults are. The Justice System fulfills and important function by establishing standards of conduct. It defines what is right and wrong for people and removes them from the responsibility of taking vengeance out on those who wronged them, which deters the escalation of feuds in the community. The Justice System also...
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...life in prison without the possibility of parole. The concern of a 10 to 17-year-old juvenile, treated as an adult in court, has provoked considerable debates. Research suggests that the human brain does not reach the final stages of development until age 23, strongly suggesting that a minor does not have the capacity to manage emotions or impulse control in stressful situations. Amending legislation to give juvenile offenders the opportunity to rehabilitate, would not only address public safety, but would also give juvenile offenders the chance to become positive and productive citizens. Life without the Possibility of Parole Imagine sentencing a 10-year-old fifth grader to spend the rest of his or her life in prison. The only civilized country in the world, which does this, is the United States. Legislators have created a blanket of harsh sentencing in response to the public’s outcry to offenses committed by juveniles, such as in the Columbine tragedy. Although, no one can condone the devastating loss at Columbine, all juveniles should not be thrown under the same blanket, but reviewed and treated individually. Currently 11 states prohibit this sentence, which includes New Mexico and Oregon. Many other states are following suit, by introducing legislation to eliminate such sentences for juvenile offenders, including California. California Senator Leland Yee, PhD., introduced bill SB1199, also known as the “California Juvenile Life without Parole Reform Act” (Yee...
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...While the main purpose of the adult criminal justice system is to punish the criminal according to the level of his or crime, the aim of the juvenile justice system is to apply rehabilitation or mentoring to juvenile offenders in order to prevent further crimes and to change their delinquent behavior. The core motivating principle of the juvenile system is rehabilitation. This is because juveniles are not fully mentally or physically developed; they cannot be accountable for their actions in the same way as adults. Additionally, many juvenile offenders come from broken homes or bad neighborhoods and many have been abused. They need a second chance because many have not received even a first chance. Additionally, rehabilitation is by far the best option for them because of the way they would almost certainly be exploited and turned into hardened criminals if sent to prison. This paper will provide further background to the issue of rehabilitating juvenile offenders, and strongly argue that it is the right approach. The justice system fulfills an important symbolic function by establishing standards of conduct. It formally defines right and wrong for citizens and frees them from the responsibility of taking vengeance, thus preventing the escalation of feuds within communities. The system protects the rights of free citizens by honoring the principle that individual freedom should not be denied without good reason. Rehabilitation has as its objective...
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... Women’s prisons, prior to and during the early 1800’s, were deplorable at best. Women, who committed crimes, from common theft to capital murder, were held in the same cells together, along with their children, until they were tried at trial. Prisons did not provide food, clothing or drinks to the women and children during their stay. Family members had to provide those items themselves. Children also accompanied the women to their trial and executions. Afterwards, many died still in prison. In 1816, Elizabeth Frye founded the association for the improvement of female prisoners, introducing six reform goals: That women should care and guard each other; only communication between them that would discipline and discourage theft after prison; that prisoners should not depend on family for necessities such as food and clothing; prisoners were to be paid for work done in the prison, so they may support the rehabilitation; the women should work and eat together, but sleep separately; and religious instruction for full rehabilitation. The three basic arguments established in the 1800’s that support the separation of juvenile prisoners from adult prisoners are; 1. Penitentiary procedures were too harsh on younger delinquents. 2. Younger prisoners picked-up bad habits and examples from adult prisoners; also, confinement left them bitter after a certain amount of time. 3. Juveniles can be reformed better when placed in a facility...
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...day and controlled by male prison guards around the clock. Once in prison women were surrounded by men, which led to the sexual abuse and exploitation of many female prisoners during those times. As the years have passed female prisons continue to offer a setting very much identical to the male prison, with daytime work activities, education programs, and occupational programs, strict schedules, and constant security. Female prisons today also offer programs that help to sustain parenting (Phoenix, 2011). As the penitentiary became firmly established in the half of the 1800s, reformers argued that young people should not be locked up in these institutions (Foster, 2006). Reformers then established three basic arguments to support the reasons behind the needed separation of juvenile prisoners from adult prisoners: 1. The adult prison system was too rigorous for juveniles. 2. Juveniles would pick up bad tendencies from older prisoners and be upset by the experience of imprisonment. 3. Juveniles could change their ways if they were redirected to facilities developed specifically for individuals similar in age. Had things remain as they were prior to efforts to reform, and there was no distinction between juvenile and adult prisons the criminal justices system would have many juveniles with irreparable criminal behaviors or withdrawn behaviors that would not allow them to function in society. No matter which model, isolate or congregate, prison labor was a part of the daily...
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...The history of prisons in 1800 Harold Flower CHS/230 December 8, 2011 Vashell Anderson The history of prisons in 1800 Prisons before the 1800’s did not have women prisons. In those days the prison were mixed with men, children and women all in the same prison. The prisons in the 1800’s that held women prisoners were treated just like the men in those prison the women also had to do hard labor which consisted of sewing, laundry, cleaning and cooking. All the women were to act like lady’s but also had to be treated like men in those prisons the women talked about how they were over worked and that they wasn’t fed enough in the prisons of the 1800’s. After the 1800’s the prisons started to change this was depending where and what prison you was in at that time there was no toilets in most cases the toilet was a bucket and it might not have been emptied too often. There were prisoners that didn’t do much at all but sat around and waited to die also at that time the cafeterias were not established so the food was forced through the cell bars and you had to eat what they fed you and it wasn’t much and it tasted really bad. You was lucky to be fed every day in today’s prison you do get three meals a day, schooling, and do jobs that are inside the prison also there are some prisoners allowed to work outside the prison walls, there is clean running water with bathrooms and showers, and the best part is that the prisoners have bunks instead of laying on the ground. In the 1800’s...
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...History of Human Services HHS 201: Introduction to Human Services (CGB1409A) Instructor: Michelle Wilson March 3, 2014 Angie Jackson Abstract It is common for people to expect something in return for helping someone out or providing them with a specific service. It is also very common for people to expect to have to give up something in return for asking for help or specific services. While not everyone believes that those who are in need should be helped, there are opposing positions which feel that reform is a way to retract and counteract the situation the for the person in need. In order to get a better understanding of what is needed in the present time, we must first learn and understand how and why people of the western culture helped others through human services. As provided in The Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice, tracing back through history it shows how the western culture went through a difficult route of providing help for people in need. It shows how people in need were provided help from their families and the church or a benevolent feudal lord, later leading to receive help from the government, then eventually receive help from volunteers or trained professionals (Mandell & Schram, 2012). In the United States there are several helpful services which are no longer being made available due to the government’s decisions to strip away the programs or services for those in need and putting much of the burden on the volunteer and charity...
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...Name Teacher Juvenile Justice 113 I1 Date History of Juvenile Correction Philosophies and Facilities To talk of the history of juvenile correction philosophies and different juvenile correction facilities, one should understand a brief juvenile justice history to bring us to a point where a correction philosophy or correction facility would be needed. Dealing with juveniles in criminal matters can be traced back as far as the beginning of time. However, early Europe in the fifth century A.D. is where we will start. What is considered a juvenile??? At this time in history the age was fixed at seven for determining whether youths would be exempted from criminal responsibility. With the onset of puberty, at the age of twelve for girls and fourteen for boys, youths were held totally responsibility for their socially unacceptable behaviors. English juvenile justice had some 160 to 200 capital offenses statutes listed for which children could be executed. In London in 1785 eighteen of twenty juveniles were executed. Executions of juveniles continued into the 1800s. (Bartollas, Miller, 2014, p. 4) Here in the United States during the colonial period juvenile justice was shaped by the culture and religious ideas of the Puritans. The family was expected to control their children and when juveniles were caught breaking laws they were sent back to their families for punishment. Of course the older the child got the greater the chances the juveniles would be dealt with by colonial...
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