...Key points A clear regard for history, an honest understanding of where we are today, and having the intellectual curiosity as we look to the future will be key to one’s ability to be an effective leader. These are the key points that I gleaned from the readings that were assigned to me. As a student of history and political science, I am always impressed when an author can help us understand where we are today, by giving us a clear understanding that much of what we will see in the future has at least some basis from the past. This is not to say that we will be in an endless cycle of repeated patterns, but that we will for the most part see traces of the past as our future unfolds. I was particularly impressed with the way Devereaux described the 75 year cycle and how we are now in the midst of the final 25 years of what she describes as the badlands. It is true that the majority of the transformational change that we encounter typically happens at the end of a cycle just as we transition into a new era. In my opinion, sound decision making should be made with an understanding of history as it relates to the question at hand. Thomas Friedman’s words give us an understanding of history, but he also talks about how we can learn from the successes and failures of America’s decisions during the last 50 years. He paints a vision for us to look to as we sit on a precipice where we as a nation clearly have a choice to make. Do we continue to act ‘as dumb as we wanna be’...
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...social perception The process of combining, integrating, and interpreting information about others to gain an accurate understanding of them. Meeting New People: An Opportunity for Social Perception Meeting new people presents many opportunities to combine, integrate, and interpret a great deal of information about them—the process of social perception. Attribution The process through which individuals attempt to determine the causes behind others’ behavior. Personal identity The characteristics that define a particular individual. social identity Who a person is, as defined in terms of his or her membership in various social groups. social identity theory A conceptualization recognizing that the way we perceive others and ourselves is based on both our unique characteristics (see personal identity) and our membership in various groups Social Identity Theory: An Overview According to social identity theory, people identify themselves in terms of their individual characteristics and their own group memberships. They then compare themselves to other individuals and groups to help define who they are, both to themselves and others. correspondent inferences Judgments about people’s dispositions, their traits and characteristics, that correspond to what we have observed of their actions. internal causes of behavior Explanations based on actions for which the individual is responsible. external causes of behavior Explanations based on situations...
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...Know how to recognise a real performance measure from a fake. “Existence of Business Plans” is not a performance measure. It’s the result of an action. “Employee Survey” is not a performance measure. It’s a data collection instrument. “Monthly Average Delivery Cycle Time” is a performance measure, because it gives feedback of a result, over time. You’ll need to be wise enough to pick out the real measures from the fakes. Before you even go looking for KPIs, clearly define your priority business results. To avoid swamping yourself with way too many trivial and irrelevant measures, you need to fish these KPI master lists with a net designed to catch just the types of measures you need. And that net is made from the business results that are your highest priority to achieve. After all, that’s what KPIs are for: to give you feedback about the results that matter. List potential measures first, then evaluate to select the best. It will be faster and easier if you list a dozen or so potential measures for each important business result that is worth measuring. So trawl through the KPI master lists quickly, just to pull out this first list of potential measures. After that, evaluate the potentials, and decide which measure (or two) will give the best evidence of your business results. Be prepared to tailor the measures to your business. The vast majority of KPI master lists will offer you nothing more than a measure name, and if you’re lucky, a short sentence describing...
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...management）是借由重新设计工作流程，对员工与工作任务之间的关系进行系统性的研究，以及透过标准化与客观分析等方式，以使效率与生产量极大化。[1] 19世纪末期，美国人弗里德里克·温斯罗·泰勒提出来的管理理论，因此又称为“泰勒制”，是西方管理学理论的开创性肇端，在很多方面有所应用。 泰勒是第一位提出科学管理观念的人，因此被尊称为科学管理之父，他详细为记录每个工作的步骤及所需时间，设计出最有效的工作方法，并对每个工作制定一定的工作标准量，归划为一个标准的工作流程；将人的动作与时间，以最经济的方式达成最高的生产量，因此又被称为机械模式。 2.Communication modle （Lecture 5） * Sender – person wishing to share information with some other person * Message – what information to communicate * Encoding – sender translates the message into symbols or language * Noise – refers to anything that hampers any stage of the communication process * Receiver – person or group for which the message is intended * Medium – pathway through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver * Decoding - critical point where the receiver interprets and tries to make sense of the message 3. Is team a group? 考点：What’s the different between team or groups? （Lecture 7） * Group: People riding on a bus Blonde women aged between 20 and 30 years of age Members of a football team Audience in a theatre People sheltering in a shop doorway from rain Group and Team 虽然都是指一群人，但是按照组织行为学的观点来看——Group and Team 是不同的两个概念，具体的表现为： Team 主要在于强调目标的共享以及个体之间的相互支持和合作，但是 Group则更强调按照领导的要求进行相关的工作。 建立一个 Group 是非常简单的一件事情，例如直接按照员工的工作年限，性别，年龄等等指标进行分类既可以得到相应的 Group。但是，打造一个 Team 则困难的多，这是因为 Team 的成员的挑选是根据个人差异化和互补性的能力而非个人中的共性。 为了达到共同的目标，Group 内部可以利用各种讨论的形式汇集个体的智慧；但是 Team 成员则只能够利用其自身的能力完成任务 打造一个 Team 要比建立一个 Group 困难的多——具体是因为 Group 中成员的共性在其形成过程中扮演者重要的作用，而在 Team 中的个体共性是没有该作用的。 ...
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...ACCT FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING Time Allowed: 2 Hours Question 1 Recording Transactions (20 marks) For each of the following ten independent events (parts a to j) involving Partnare Limited in the month of June, prepare the journal entry (if necessary) to record the event. Financial statements are being prepared as at 30 June. If you believe that no entry is necessary, clearly write ‘No Entry’. A blank response will be marked as incorrect. Narrations are not necessary. Partnare Limited uses only a general journal and general ledger. That is, they do not use special journals and subsidiary ledgers. Reversing entries are not used. Note that there is nothing unusual about the events which require you to question, any more than would otherwise be the case, the definition and recognition criteria of financial statement elements. Part a (2 marks) Partnare Limited paid an account payable in the amount of $15,000. Part b (2 marks) Partnare Limited promised that they would pay their account owed to Smith Industries in the amount of $25,000 on 30 June. The payment was not made. Part c (2 marks) Partnare Limited identified that rent for the month of June in the amount of $7,000 had not been recorded or paid. Part d (2 marks) On 30 June, a court announced a decision on a product liability lawsuit and found that Partnare Limited is liable for $500,000 damages. The management of Partnare Limited are contemplating an appeal to the decision, but the company’s...
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...Five key points to Strong Leadership (thus a Great Manager) 1. Develop trust and credibility (trustworthiness, dependability). When people trust you, they will be more inclined (willing) to follow you. If they follow you, and you have all the pieces of the puzzle in place as described throughout this course, you will succeed. A leader builds trust by considering the “good of all” when making decisions. Leaders do not abuse their power, but build trust by using it properly. Trust fosters (encourage, nurture, promote) collaboration, which contributes to openly sharing information, which then creates a solid team who supports each other. Trust is based on the respect and expectations of a leader who cares and acts with compassion (pity, mercy, sympathy) in a most positive way. With trust there is: • Honesty • Integrity • Compassion (pity, mercy, sympathy) • Fairness • Good relationships Incorporating (combining) these five traits (quality, characteristic) will help guide you on the right path to strong leadership. 2. Share the vision with absolute clarity. Leaders need to share the vision of what they want their department to achieve. For example, a leader might share a vision like, “We will be a world class customer service organization that provides the benchmark (criterion for measuring the level) for customer satisfaction.” To get others to see and understand your vision, you need to motivate and inspire with the same enthusiasm and positivity...
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...Key Points 1. Dairy products are not very popular in China. Health concerns and a large lactose intolerant population are obstacles Wang must consider. 2. Carvel has a very limited ($20,000) advertising budget for the year. Radio and television advertising are ruled out by the low budget. 3. Several segments of the Beijing population are potentially promising to Carvel. The three most attractive segments are (1) middle and upper class Chinese professionals, (2) "little emperors" (children in one-child homes, who tend to be spoiled by parents and grandparents), and (3) expatriate residents. 4. Costs of Carvel products could be reduced by 5% by whipping more air into the ice cream, but this might compromise Carvel's image for quality products. 5. Wang is considering introducing a new product, the "Piece of Cake" (a small, single slice of ice cream cake) to provide an inexpensive introduction to Carvel's cakes to Chinese consumers. • Carvel's products are available in Carvel retail stores (4 full-service and 6 scaled- down outlets), high-end supermarkets (25 accounts), local supermarkets (25 accounts), bakeries (40 accounts), and restaurants and bars (60 accounts). Case Questions 1. Carvel's new Beijing manager, Steven Wang, has not yet formulated his pricing and product policies. What advice would you give him? Should Wang reduce Carvel's prices, perhaps by reducing product quality? Wang needs to carefully...
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...Luz Figuereo Professor Allen Sauberman March 7, 2012 Paper #1 Chapter 1 Key Points: 1. Economics is the study of choices we make among our many wants and desires given our limited resources. 2. Self-interest is not the same as selfishness. For example, Mother Theresa who spent her life caring for others, her work could be considered done because of her self-interest but who would consider it selfish. 3. Ceteris Paribus which means “holding everything else constant”. Basically when trying to asses the effect of one variable on another, you must keep the relationship between the two variables isolated from other words. 4. Fallacy of composition states that if something holds true to one person it does not necessarily mean it would be true for many individuals in a group. 5. Positive statements are attempts to describe what happens and why it happens, while normative statements are attempts to prescribe what should be done. I understand what economics is and the basis of how and why economists try and predict the behavior of the consumers. How they observe, and come up with a hypothesis. I also understand the differences between macroeconomics and microeconomics. Lastly, what would be considered macro and what would be considered micro. Chapter 2 Key Points: 1. Human capital is the productive knowledge and skill people receive from education, on the job training, health and other factors that increase productivity. 2. Opportunity cost is the...
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...KEY POINTS It was decided that post de-merger, Grasim will acquire the control of the resultant cement company. However, L&T managed to retain certain key assets like L&T brand, ready mix cement (RMC) business & and the entire residential and office property of the cement division. L&T’s equity capital of Rs, 248.67 crore, consisting of approx. 24.88 crore shares of ₹ 10 each was reduced. L&T’s paid up capital was brought down to ₹ 24.88 crores from ₹ 248.67 crore (24.88 shares @ ₹ 10) consisting of 12.44 crore shares of ₹ 2 each. Accordingly shareholders of L&T received one share of ₹ 2 face value of new L&T for every two shares of ₹ 10 face value of old L&T. UltraTech paid up capital was fixed at ₹ 124.91 crores consisting of approx. 12.49 crore shares of ₹ 10 face value. L&T was allotted 20 % of UlraTech’s equity. The remaining 80 % was allotted to shareholders of L&T in the same proportion as the stake held by them i.e. 2 shares of UltraTech for 5 shares in L&T. With this Grasim would receive approx. 12.5 % stake in UltraTech against its 15.73 %stake in L&T. Out of L&T's 20 % stake in Ultra Tech, L&T will sell 8.5 % stake to Grasim @ ₹ 171.30/share as against the earlier offer of Grasim @ ₹ 130/share. With this, Grasim will hold approx. 21 % in UltraTech. Grasim would then make an open offer for 30 % of the UlraTech's equity at the same price and would take its stake to 51 per cent. Grasim sold approx. 14.93 % of its...
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...Identify and analyse 5 key learning points (for you) from the 2 case studies (Tata and Infosys); Tata 1. Aligning the mission of the company with the objective of nation building: Built first world class steel plant in the country to make India self reliant, brought textile mills; to promote the country’s industrial and intellectual development, set up JN Tata Endowment, which enabled Indian students with outstanding academic record, to pursue higher studies abroad (Tata Scholarship for studies). Set up National Institute of Labour Management. Setup Tata Airlines which later became Air India. 2. Welfare of the workers: workers’ welfare was of utmost priority to the founder of the group. Introduced employee benefits such as eight-hour working day, free medical aid, maternity benefits, introduced first provident fund scheme in 1920. Township having specific space earmarked for sports and religious activities. 3. HR Policy: We want to attract good people, retain the better people and advance the best people. Potentially good managers below the age of 50 were identified based on some broad parameters and were posted across the group. HR function was divided into three divisions, each responsible for top 6-7 companies in the group. First group was responsible for corporate management development, performance management, potential assessment, succession planning, group mobility, compensation structure, and work level deployment; second division was responsible...
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...pointer->next = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); pointer = pointer->next; pointer->data = data; pointer->next = NULL; printf("Successfully inserted.......\n"); } int find(node *pointer, int key) { pointer = pointer -> next; //First node is dummy node. /* Iterate through the entire linked list and search for the key. */ while(pointer!=NULL) { if(pointer->data == key) //key is found. { return 1; } pointer = pointer -> next;//Search in the next node. } /*Key is not found */ return 0; } int update(node *pointer, int key, int new_key) { pointer = pointer -> next; //First node is dummy node. /* Iterate through the entire linked list and search for the key. */ while(pointer!=NULL) { if(pointer->data == key) //key is found. { pointer->data = new_key; return 1; } pointer = pointer -> next;//Search in the next node. } /*Key is not found */ return 0; } void delete(node *pointer, int data) { /* Go to the node for which the node next to it has to be deleted */ while(pointer->next!=NULL &&...
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...JDT Task 3 (1113) value: 0.00 value: 1.00 value: 2.00 value: 3.00 value: 4.00 Score/Level Articulation of Response (clarity, organization, mechanics) The candidate provides unsatisfactory articulation of response. The candidate provides weak articulation of response. The candidate provides limited articulation of response. The candidate provides adequate articulation of response. The candidate provides substantial articulation of response. A1. Benefits The candidate does not present the positive results expected from a well-prepared and well-delivered performance appraisal. The candidate presents, with no detail, the positive results expected from a well-prepared and well-delivered performance appraisal. The candidate presents, with limited detail, the positive results expected from a well-prepared and well-delivered performance appraisal. The candidate presents, with adequate detail, the positive results expected from a well-prepared and well-delivered performance appraisal. The candidate presents, with substantial detail, the positive results expected from a well-prepared and well-delivered performance appraisal. A2. Preappraisal Activities The candidate does not provide an appropriate recommendation of preappraisal activities that ensure the performance appraisal process is beneficial to the employee and the company. The candidate provides an appropriate recommendation, with no support, of preappraisal activities that ensure the performance appraisal...
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...personality that is not taught or handed out to everyone. The people that work in the human service field are a special class of people and help to make our current world a better place. Training and knowledge is just the beginning of what is needed to be successful in the human service field. A human service worker must be able to put personal prejudices aside to be able to help his or her client in the appropriate manner. Putting aside personal prejudices does not mean putting aside common sense. Ethics are another key point to be successful, without this then one truly cannot freely see the entire big picture. Not being judgmental is another key point, you are seeing them or helping them for a reason, the last thing your client needs is to be pointed at continuously be told that what they did was wrong. Education is an important key too, this does not always mean by the books either. Some things need to be from personal experience. Listening skills are a key element, because sometimes your client might be talking in circles and you need to be able to read between the lines. To become a successful human service worker, you need to have emotional maturity as well as experience. Skills can be developed to...
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...therefore it has to be hidden away from parties who are not supposed to view it. In this age of computers, their capacity for transfer and retrieval of information may be exploited by other parties to gain access to confidential and potentially dangerous data. Therefore, measures have been taken to ensure that data is not accessed by others which is done by using several methods which, besides physical security, includes the use of encryption algorithms which are programs that change the way information looks by rendering it illegible. Data encryption is an important part of computing and, if done properly, can provide the user with means through which data can be protected from other parties. Encryption is done in many areas including end point devices such as computer terminals and servers which store important information. As such, data encryption has been applied in the military, banking sector, in businesses and other areas which require secure storage and transfer of data. Data encryption is simply the change of raw data or ordinary information referred to as plaintext into indecipherable material called cipher text. The data can then be stored or transferred securely since it cannot be read by another party. If the data is to be accessed, a cipher, which is the pair of algorithms that encrypts and decrypts data, is used to decrypt the data. The data can then be read and it is therefore accessible only to those with the cipher. In commercial uses, encryption helps businesses...
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...past, access control was used as a means of protecting information against access by unauthorized users. Access control did not prove very effective and this has led to the adoption of encryption where information is transformed into some form that cannot be understood by unauthorized users. Decryption is the process by which the transformed text is retransformed into a form that can be understood. This paper will seek to analyze a database encryption solution that will protect critical data against internal and external threats and at the same time meet regulatory requirements. 2. Choosing the Point of Encryption Encryption can be done at different places within an enterprise. Encryption is used to minimize the number of people who access the encryption keys. Before encryption, implementation decisions needs to be made (Mattsson, (2005, p.2). The most important thing is choosing the point of implementation. This helps in determining the work that needs to be done so that integration is effective and also determining the security model. Data needs to be protected both when at rest and during movement between applications and the database. 2. 1. Database-Layer Encryption In this case, an enterprise is able to protect data as it is being written and read from a database. Database layer encryption is done at the column level within a database table. It can be coupled with access controls and database security so as to prevent theft of critical data. This level of encryption protects...
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