...ouLabour standards and poverty reduction Labour standards and poverty reduction May 2004 FOREWORD BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT One of the greatest moral and political challenges of our time is the ending of mass poverty. To ensure action on a global scale, and to assess progress, the international community has set itself ambitious targets for the reduction of poverty, embodied in the Millennium Development Goals and affirmed by governments worldwide at the UN Millennium Assembly in 2000. These have been adopted by major development agencies, and are supported by NGOs. They express the conviction that it is possible to improve substantially the living conditions and opportunities of the world’s poor over the coming decade. The MDGs can be achieved only if poor people themselves are involved in the decisions which affect their lives. They should therefore have the freedom to organise themselves in associations which promote their interests in the societies in which they live. They should not be subject to forced labour, or suffer from discrimination in the labour market. They should be able to maintain their livelihoods without having to make their children work rather than go to school. An essential part of poverty elimination is those human rights known as core labour standards: freedom of association and the right to free collective bargaining; elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour; effective abolition of child labour; and...
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...international labour standards help in eliminating poverty in developing countries? Firstly, I will define International Labour Organisation. In my understanding ILO is an organisation which promotes equal opportunities for women and men at work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, develop social protection and strengthen work-related issues. Also I will look into statements which promote International Labour Organisation and the way it works. Additionally, I will give some examples of developing countries and International Labour Organisation role in those countries. The ILO is the international organization responsible for drawing up and overseeing international labour standards. It is the only 'tripartite' United Nations agency that brings together representatives of governments, employers and workers and promoting decent work for all. This unique arrangement gives the ILO ability to understand the 'real world' knowledge about employment and work. International labour standards have grown into a comprehensive system of instruments on work and social policy, backed by a supervisory system which is designed to address all sort of problems in their application at the national level. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is dedicated to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights, following its founding mission that labour peace...
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...Garment Factory Compliance • Home • About • Top of Form [pic][pic] Bottom of Form [pic]Indian Textile Industry and Garment Exports November 28, 2012 Disha Leave a comment The Indian textile industry is one of the largest industries in the world, with a huge raw material and textile manufacturing base. The industry occupies a unique position as a self-reliant industry, from the production of raw materials to the delivery of finished products. This large and ancient industry has carved out a special niche for itself as a facilitator of the county’s economic growth and participative development. Textile industry in India is a highly versatile sector, with smaller firms providing flexibility needed for smaller orders; the larger firms have the capacity to service the world’s biggest buyers. The Government of India has also undertaken several favourable policy initiatives, which have resulted in the growth of the sector. “Indian textile industry contributes about 14 per cent to industrial production, 4 per cent to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 16.63 per cent to export earnings,” as per Ministry of Commerce and Trade, India. Major destination for Indian garment exports The USA is the number one destination for the exports of Indian apparels. During 2011, the garment imports to the USA from world were around US$ 81.51 billion. India exports garments of worth US$ 3.53 billion to the USA, which accounts for 4.33 per cent share in the USA’s total...
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...Child labour Strategic Issue Report Author: Stephie Daniel Angel Introduction Throughout the world, especially in the less-developed countries, an immeasurable amount of children have been involved in what has been called child labour, and its prevalence has now sparked much worry. Child labour can be defined as any work that is harmful to a child’s health or interrupt a child’s education (International Labour Organisation, 2012). According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), there were approximately 153 million child labourers aged 5-14 worldwide in 2008 and this number has increased to 250 million nowadays. Also, ILO investigated that 60 percent of the child labour was engaged in agricultural work such as farming, dairy and fisheries. The rest is in service industries and manufacturing, 25% and 15% respectively (Diallo, et al., 2010). Child labour is difficult to deal with because of the number of sections and categorization of child labour. It is not only because of poverty but also the surrounding societal and cultural causes. This report will examine the effects and implications of child labour, identify the causes, and propose some feasible solutions. Impacts Child labour is mentally, physically, socially dangerous and harmful to children, and also brings disadvantages to the development of economies across the world, especially in impoverished countries. Obviously and essentially, working in sweatshops and other inhumane conditions may...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Origin of the report After Liberation when country's traditional items of export could not yield expected result, in late 70s the government and a section of entrepreneurs - young, educated and dynamic, began to emphasize on development of non-traditional items of export. By the year 1983, Ready-Made-Garment (RMG) emerged to be a non-traditional export oriented sector most promising in the socioeconomic context of the country. By that time, those entrepreneurs felt a necessity of sectoral trade body, non-government in nature, free from traditional bureaucracy, to help the RMG sector and to boost up the foreign exchange earnings of the country urgently needed at that time. Responding to that necessity, 19 (Nineteen) RMG manufacturers and exporters joined together and by their untiring efforts got Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) incorporated on February 20, 1983, Today 2400 small and medium scale privately owned garment factories, registered with BGMEA, spread in cluster over the EPZ and urban areas of Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna, are manufacturing ready-made garments of varied specifications as per size and designs stipulated by the overseas buyers. Starting with a few items, the entrepreneurs in the RMG sector have widely diversified the product base ranging from ordinary shirt, T-shirt, trousers, shorts, pajama, ladie's wear and children's wear to sophisticated high value items like quality suits, branded jeans...
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...Paper: Argumentative Essay on Child Labor Laws and Regulations | | | | Child labor occurs along a continuum, with harmful and exploitative work that endangers the welfare and potential of the child at one end of the spectrum and light work and often beneficial training and apprenticeship at the other. National and international labor standard regulations with respect to what constitutes a legally permissible minimum age of employment accordingly depend typically on a range of criteria including (a) the type of work, as distinguished by the degree of hazard a child faces, or whether the child is subject to exploitation, or the worst forms of child labor; (b) the sector of employment, whether in agriculture, manufacturing, or family businesses or the household; and (c) the degree to which child labor work interferes with schooling, depending on the number of hours a child is put to work, say, per week.Though child labor statistics inevitably paint an aggregate picture, the coverage of national and international statistics has improved, reflecting a diversity of activities that come under the umbrella of child labor work. International Labour Organization (ILO) statistics treat any child as economically active with performance of at least 1 hour of work during the week prior to asurvey. The ILO also defines a child laborer as synonymous with (a) an economically active person between the ages of 5 and 11, and (b) an individual between the ages of 12 and 14 who performs 14 or more...
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...of sliding doors to allow for correct alignment with solid wall: 1) Alignment of sliding doors – two employees one full day labour: $1,550.00 2) Re-making and fitting of running track using existing doors and track mechanisms: $4,500.00 3) Remaking the existing door and replacement of running mechanisms entirely including removal of existing cabinetry: $7,450.00 Issue with panel and door alignment due to compression by desk in situ: • Cutting edge of existing door to suit: $345.00 Entry room: Issue one quoted is the correct placement and alignment of wall-mounted cabinetry: 1) To re-align cabinet it must be dis-assembled in order to redo the wall fixings and provide correct alignment – two employees one full day labour & travel: $1,550.00 2) If extra brackets are required an additional $500.00 will be added Issue two in entry room is the cabinet with miss-aligned shelving – included in our quote are the following items: • One new cupboard unit as per site measurement re-using existing veneered panelling – includes new polish • Two employees for two hours labour – should this not suffice extra labour will be charged Our price including delivery, fitting & GST: $1,500.00 Laundry: Included in our quote are the following items: • Eight ‘G’ grip handles to be filed to industry standard using existing hardware • Repainting the overhead door with the stain evident Our price including delivery & GST: $350...
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...continued under New Labour. It was created as it was felt that education was not providing enough skills for the workplace, the emphasis on academic education was crippling the economy. For more than 100 years the education system has been designed to meet the demands of the economy. By the late 1960s and 1970s it was argued that the education system was failing in this respect that much more was needed to be done to prepare pupils for their roles as future employees. Some pupils followed traditional academic curriculum based around GCSEs and “O” levels, whilst others followed less rigorous examination course and other courses designed to prepare them for entry into manual labour rather than non- manual occupations. As vocational courses drew in a young crowd, such as school leavers aged around 16 – 19 years old, this means that they are being set up for cheap labour as employers can exploit young workers by keeping wages low for their age range. Vocational education exploits workers as they train them to work in these occupations where they don’t get as much pay even as someone older who is doing the same job as them with as many long hours and hard labour. Fin states that vocational education provides cheap labour and also the sort of skills that are taught are only useful for low pay insecure jobs so the course itself is setting the workers up for exploitation in the workplace. For the amount of work they do and accompanying the long hours known with manual labour jobs such as factory...
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...is designing and marketing high quality sports shoes and sports apparel around the world. It builds its brand appeal through savvy marketing and sophisticated product R&D. The company has never owned production of the goods it sells, instead from the very beginning has been importing the products from the Asian Far East. In 2000, Nike enjoyed 45% global market share, had close to $9 billion of sales and put Knight among the top ten richest individuals in United States. The company directly employed 20,000 people, but had a workforce of an estimated half a million labouring for them in 565 contract factories in 46 countries – making it one of the largest private company de facto employers in the world. Labour conditions in Nike’s contract factories were not even close to any labour laws and compensation practices in the industrialised countries, let alone the US. Work there meant 70-hour workweeks performing hazardous and/or monotonous routines under abusive supervision and with appalling equipment. Until the early l990s, Nike never felt that to be its responsibility. Ever since the early 19th century in England, industrial development started with large scale textile factories. Workers there would stay for two to three years and then either return to the countryside or “graduate” on to higher value added, more sophisticated factories such as household goods production, followed by machinery assembly and ultimately followed by precision machining for high tech goods. This pattern...
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...immigrants, recruitment and management of individuals gained vitality. Managers were higher than the employees. This system created a gap between the labour force and the management. Social welfare approached in the early HRM helped the immigrants to get adjusted to their jobs and to 'American' way of life. The programs was assigned to ensured an increase in productivity. In the 1790s, employees empower considerably and increased at a quick pace .In the 1800s and 1900s the advent of Labour Union led HR department more capable in politics and diplomacy. HR department has management, labour unions, and Frederick W. Taylor's (1856-1915) theory of 'Scientific Management'. In 1902, National Cash Register was formed to handle employee grievances, record keeping, wage management and other employee-related functions. In 1913, the US Department of Labour promoted the welfare of employees. In 1920s and 30s, the impact of the Hawthorne studies enhanced the physical work conditions for employees changes from workers' efficiency to efficiency through work satisfaction. In 1938, the Fair Labour Standards Act provided security and helped increased the standard of the employees. Since then, the welfare of workers have more new and efficient laws. Therefore, human relations became a prominent feature of organizational behaviour. The National Labour...
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...a Human Resources Manager, the level of supply and demand in the labour market affects the recruitment and retention of employees. Before I analyse the impacts of supply and demand in the labour market, I will first define what the labour market is in the context of HRM. According to Wilton 2013, labour markets are “the mechanism by which human labour is bought and sold and how the number and type of available jobs, the labour demand, is matched with the number and type of available workers, the labour supply.” In other words, employers are the buyers of labour with the employees being the seller. Labour markets can be segmented in many different ways, such as geographic location, occupation, or industry but for the purposes of this case study the labour market will be organised along the lines of occupation as I am trying to recruit staff for two different occupations. The supply and demand for these labour markets differ, as there is a greater supply of catering employees than registered midwives. According to the Department of Employment 2014, there is a shortage of midwives both in Sydney and regional NSW, particularly with experienced midwives as 40 percent of employers unable to find suitable applicants. As of 2014, there has been a 20.1 percent decrease in registered midwives since 2011 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2015) due to the introduction of the new regency of practice standards that require midwives to actively be working in midwifery to maintain...
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...education. Hence, literacy of people would increase and as a result it can decrease poverty and unemployment. What future can be if children do not have education? According to trade economics there is 15% of unemployment in Ivory Coast and this is only official numbers. If we stop eating chocolate from this country, government sunderstand that the only way to supply chocolate is give a job to adults. A special commission must be created to control this in such countries. If child labor disappears and will not exist anymore, only then trade can be reopened. Must be ensured that any monitoring and compliance scheme adopted by the industry takes full account of the need to protect all workers from forced labour no just children. · Identify and adopt all relevant national and local labour laws. · Communicate the policy to employees, suppliers/contractors and the community. · · Provide training and awareness programmes for employees at all levels.. ·...
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...describes negotiations between the Government, representatives of trade union confederations (Irish Congress of Trade Unions), and Employers Confederation (IBEC), and the Irish government about wages and other issues. From 1988 to date Ireland has had 7 different social partnership agreements have been in effect in Ireland. Each agreement has differed slightly in many ways. Some allow for local level additions. Each agreement has become increasing complex with increased attention to social issues and increased focus on economic sectors. Some acts bring in specific. Others focus on contemporary priorities, such as the minimum wage brought in during Partnership 2000 and benchmarking on the Program for Prosperity and Fairness and finally labour standards on the recent Toward 16 agreement. In 1997 the community platform joined the social partnership process. A group of 27 minority national organisations with a view to addressing issues such as drug, asylum seeks, refugees, poverty and social inequality etc. Each party involved in social partnership has a vested interest in participation. A cynical may primarily view would be social began as, and continues to be a model for wage restraint (and industrial peace) by employers and the government. Von Prondzynki believes “every evidence is that the programme was designed as a back – up to the...
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...the wage differentials among textile workers in three towns namely Ahmedabad, Bombay and Kanpur. Economic variables namely observed the author used labour market, real wage levels, productivity, industry's characteristics, profitability as well as cost of living. Despite its shortcomings in terms of coverage and methodology, the author managed to come up with the findings by utilizing descriptive statistics. The conclusion made was that, the real wage levels was the significant determining factor of differentials. Hence, according to him, the wage differentials are bound to widen on the account that the each region's living standards likewise widens. However, he went further to explain that this factor may not solely explain in depth the existing wage differentials. Hence the need to bring in unquantifiable and non-economic variables such as stability, political alliances, trade union’s tactics at various centres, policies of labour in different states, as well as attitudes of mill owners. Moreover, wage differentials may not be explained by unquantifiable and noneconomic factors but variables such as accidents, custom and convention. In addition, T.S Papola states that, if the research’s findings are accurate and valid, then it is with no doubt that the existing wage differentials will widen with time. This is because the standards of living is a centrifugal force by itself. Dharma Kumar, S.P. NAG, L.S Venkataramanan., 1948. Cotton Allocation in the Cotton Textile Industry;...
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...Role of labour and industrial laws are of paramount importance. We know that the total economy of a country greatly depends upon the industrial sector. In addition, the growth of the industrial sector involves with some major aspect. These major aspects are the local investment policy, foreign direct investment policy, labour management etc. Besides the necessary infrastructure for investment natural resources are also important and it is very clear that if all these essential elements are not available then growth of industrial sector is unfeasible. Besides all these things labour issues are also very important. Proper management of labour is an essential matter for growth of industrial sector. Timely disposal of labour disputes are also important. We see that in most of the cases the labour law disputes do not solve with in short time. So the remedy which is essential from the case becomes delayed. The labour law is very much important in Bangladesh perspective. It is highly important for the industrial development of Bangladesh. We know that labour is a most important part of an industry. So, we can not think an industry with out labour. Labour right is most essential in Bangladesh. But the labours are in ignorance about their right. They don’t know properly about labour laws and education. It is a great problem. For this reason, they retrenched by the employee. Very often, they retrenched with out any legal process. Labour Laws in Bangladesh: In Bangladesh 47 labour laws are...
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