...Ethiopia and called “Lalibela.” It is a place I visited seven years ago for an annual religious celebration. Lalibela state is located in northern Ethiopia is a town by the same name. The church was built in the 12th century by king Lalibela. He had created this Church from a single rock as a result of an inspiration to create a New Jerusalem in his country after the old Jerusalem has been captured by Muslims in 11th century. King created this church from single rock and he used an amazing engendering that last long for generation. This church is externally lines up of 11 churches linked one another. I was so amazed when I see it for the first time because that shows how people at that century were more civilized than they are today. It is hard to believe for today’s scantest and researcher because that kind of huge church can’t be made without today’s technology. But there are facts that contradict with those who believe technology has made a big role to build that church because according to Ethiopian history there was not any chance to use any kind of technology support by the time. For this reason many researchers have different opinions about the ways this church has been created. According to what the priest who spent his entire life there told me during my visit, this church has been made with the order God. As the Priest explained, God sent the angel Gebriel to take King Lalibela to Jerusalem and lalibela has been taken to Jerusalem...
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...African art history Every civilization throughout history has recorded their beliefs, history and ideologies through different mediums and artwork. Three core beliefs of African societies included honoring ancestors and animal deities, elevating rulers to a sacred status and consulting diviners and fortune tellers. You can see this in their artwork by the use of symbolism in the sculpture to portray how important someone was by making a rulers head oversized and the use of tame animals near the figure to show his power over all things. They also honored their ancestors by way of body decoration and modification, rituals and masks. Being firm believers in the spirit world, they made grand forms of architecture using brick and living rock to create places of worship. The early African people had a few ways of remembering and honoring their ancestors and family, like making sculptures for display in shrines or making pendants and jewelry depicting the likeness of those who perished. One example of this is the Waist pendant of a queen mother, from Benin Nigeria, ca. 1520, thought to portray the mother of Oba Esigie. The naturalistic ivory pendant symbolized the legacy of a dynasty and was made to honor the king’s mother. There are Portuguese heads on the top and bottom of the head. The Portuguese were thought of as people from the spirit world who brought wealth, power and prosperity to the king. Trade networks led to the wide spread of religion throughout early African...
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...counterterrorism efforts. China and japan strongly supports Ethiopia’s economic development, and helped Ethiopia’s economy grow. It helps develop Ethiopia’s Technology and provides technical assistance. Traveling into ethiopia is a great experience for all because of the gorgeous landmark like the Blue Nile Falls a waterfall on the Blue Nile river in Ethiopia. It is known as Tis Abay in Amharic, meaning "great smoke" it is also ethiopia largest lake. The Danakil Depression lies at the triple junction of three tectonic plates as a result of Africa and Asia moving apart causing a rift in the center on the earth. A must see tourist attraction loved for its hot spring and jaw dropping view. Church of Saint George, Lalibela was carved from a type of volcanic tuff. Lalibela, King of Ethiopia, sought to recreate Jerusalem, and structured the churches' landscape and religious sites in such a way as to achieve such a feat.christianity the country major religion played an important role in driving the people to their peak performance. Enkutatash ethiopia New year's is celebrated on september, 11 .The day is called Enkutatash meaning the "gift of jewels." When the famous Queen of Sheba returned from her journey to visit King Solomon in Jerusalem, her chiefs welcomed her back by replenishing her treasury with enku, or jewels. This day is celebrated by young children putting on new clothes and dancing around the villages, giving out bouquets of flowers to households, while large feasts...
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...By most estimates, well over a thousand languages (UNESCO has estimated around two thousand) are spoken in Africa. Most are of African origin, though some are of European or Asian origin. Africa is the most multilingual continent in the world, and it is not rare for individuals to fluently speak not only multiple African languages, but one or more European ones as well. Following the end of colonialism, nearly all African countries adopted official languages that originated outside the continent, although several countries also granted legal recognition to indigenous languages (such as Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). In numerous countries, English and French (see African French) are used for communication in the public sphere such as government, commerce, education and the media. Arabic, Portuguese, Afrikaans and Spanish are examples of languages that trace their origin to outside of Africa, and that are used by millions of Africans today, both in the public and private spheres. Italian is spoken by some in former Italian colonies in Africa. German is spoken in Namibia, as it was a former German protectorate. Some aspects of traditional African cultures have become less practiced in recent years as a result of years of neglect and suppression by colonial and post-colonial regimes. There is now a resurgence in the attempts to rediscover and revalourise African traditional cultures, under such movements as the African Renaissance, led by Thabo Mbeki, Afrocentrism, led by...
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...Ethiopia's dramatic topography has in some measure influenced one of Africa's distinctive longstanding cultural traditions. It is dominated by a volcanically formed mountainous plateau known as the Ethiopian Highlands that reaches up to 4,600 meters above sea level. This formation is bisected by the Great Rift Valley, which extends from the Red Sea to the Danakil Depression, where humanity evolved and the earliest evidence of our ancestors has been discovered. In antiquity, an important civilization arose in northern Ethiopia that extended beyond the shores of the Red Sea. Ranked as one of the great empires of its day, during the first half of the first millennium, Aksum was based inland but developed a vital connection to the outside world through the port of Adulis. In the second century A.D., Ptolemy refers to "Aksum where the palace of the king is located." In addition to its overland contacts with Meroë, the Nile Valley, and Egypt, its access to the Red Sea allowed it to become an active participant in trade with the Roman provinces, the Mediterranean, southern Arabia, Sri Lanka, and China. Among its exports were ivory, gold, aromatics such as frankincense and myrrh, slaves, and salt. By the third century, the demand for its goods warranted a monetary system of coinage whose weights, standards, and designs corresponded to that of Rome and later Byzantium. At the height of its power and prosperity, Aksum expanded to incorporate the region of Saba, in modern-day Yemen, within...
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...starts at every Ethiopian home. It is embed in the very foundation of the Ethiopian culture: Ethiopians are hospitable by nature. Ethiopians like visitors; and are very anxious about making visitors in their home happy; they are trained by their parents and guardians to be nice and kind to all, including strangers; but at some instance it is failed to transform into when it comes to running a business, most importantly in hospitality business such as hotel business and lodges. This is because of the employees are the weakest links and most developers are either unaware about the difference a skilled, experienced or disciplined human resource makes to run a hotel. In the regional cities • Lack of standard hotels and lodge, especially in Lalibela, Gondar and the Southern Route; • Good hotels and lodges are often fully reserved; • Meager service qualities at relatively high prices; • Broken taps water, poor and dirty toilets; • Underprivileged hotel management and less trained receptions. Transportation All of them agree that they usually face cancellation and delay from the Ethiopian Airlines domestic flights. And lack of seats during peak season is common. Some of them also state that car rent price is very high and the pay for a driver is expensive. The infrastructure is one of the major problems apart from the capital city. Specially, in the Southern and Eastern parts of the country there are no good infrastructures and hotels. And there is limited accessibility and accommodation...
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...Unit 1 . Fundamental Concepts about and Evolution of Management Thought 1.1. Introduction In any teaching-learning process, the development of concepts is essential and fundamental. As a field of study, management requires the development of concepts. Unless the most basic concepts of a field of study are developed at the outset, the teaching-learning process of a particular field of study would be difficult to carry out. Therefore, the first unit of this material aims at developing the most fundamental concepts about management. 1.2. Meaning of Management What is Management? Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected objectives. It is concerned with: 1.2.1. identifying the aims and objectives of an organization 1.2.2. implementing policies by setting procedures, programmes and strategies to help in the achievement of organizational aim and objectives; 1.2.3. brining together all the various factors of production (People, money, materials, machinery, methods, and activates); 1.2.4. making the best possible use of the factors of production; 1.2.5. exercising control over the performance of the factors of production; and 1.2.6. providing conditions in which the persons associate with the organization-owners, employees, customers, and the community at large-derive maximum satisfaction (pagare, 1981) Terry and Franklin (1997:4) define management as the distinct process consisting...
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