...HDEV 3101 Life Span Development Reading Blog 2 The human body goes through major growth patterns and then reverses itself from infancy to death. The two major growth patterns in infancy are the cephalocaudal pattern and the proximodistal patterns. In the cephalocaudal pattern, the rapid growth of the head surpasses the rest of the body while in the proxoxismal pattern; the chest muscles develop before the muscles in the extremities. In childhood growth is slow yet steady. Later in adolescence or puberty the body reaches great increases in hormones (endocrine glands powerful chemical secretions) and physical maturation. Growth spurts in weight and height reach girls two years faster than boys. Sexual organs testes in male and ovaries in female are developed by the pituitary gland. Strength and muscle tone develops in teens and twenties yet may begin to decline in the thirties. In the forties and fifties muscle tone and elasticity steadily decrease leading to wrinkles and sagging skin. In later adult hood the body begins to deteriorate with markedly decreases in the cardiovascular system, lung elasticity, and circulatory system eventually leading to disease and death. The brain has two hemispheres; the forebrain and the outer layer the cerebral cortex. Important developments in the brain in the first two years are myelination and laterization. Myelination is the development of a thin sheath of fat cells called myelin that aid in faster information processing and...
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...Thanatology is the study of death and dying. During our late adult hood we fear death and we worried about getting sick and leave our love ones behind. Death is a painful thing to experience but we can’t live forever. To kick it off, there are three phase we go through before we disappear. The first phase, is the agonal phase, during that phase the patient experience a lot of pain and struggling to breath. Next phase is clinical death; is when our heart stop beating but we could still be save if it’s possible. The final phase is mortality; which is when you are permanent death. There is two type of death, brain death and persistent vegetative state. Brain death is when your brain stop working and the brain stem (which controls reflexes) stop working too. Persistent vegetative state is when your cerebral cortex no longer work but brain activity is active. Next, we all have different attitude toward death. Death anxiety is when someone fear death. This occur more often in middle adulthood then late adulthood. You could also have a strong relationship with God to reduce death anxiety....
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...Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper Yvonne Harris PSY/375 Matthew Warren 21 November 2011 Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper As one progresses through the many stages of life and eventually die, there are easily identifiable periods of growth; yet the older one gets the more indiscernible relative changes become. This paper will discuss late adulthood and death, placing emphasis on the following: how individuals can promote health and wellness into late adulthood and mitigate the negative effects of aging, an analysis of ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood, an exploration of different views of death and dying at different points in human development, and an examination of the attitudes of various cultures towards death and dying. Getting older does not have to mean that one gets sicker. Of course as we age our reflexes slow and the passage of time may appear more noticeably on one’s face. Yes we do get older, all of us; it is called senescence. Senescence is the process of aging and all humans go through it. But as previously stated one does not need to get sicker just because they get older. Some of the ways to promote wellness in an older adult include but are not limited to the following: exercise and dieting, eliminating unhealthy habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and establishing healthy personal relationships. Older adults should be proactive in the pursuit...
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...childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adult hood, late adulthood, and death & dying. People have unique opinions regarding dying process and the factors which influence opinions of people are: age, sex, personality, social support available from family and friends etc. For example a person who is having social support from family and friends will have more interest towards life then others who lead a lonely life. Death is a discrete, datable event that terminates a person’s life and it is certain for everyone in this world (Sumner, 2011). There are few people who like to reach the final stage of dying process before the time comes. It is known as ‘suicide’ and it is biggest crime in this world. God will not excuse. Feldman (2010) also stated that there are fewer deaths before the birthdays, which means that people die before reaching the final stage in dying process. Some people that as auspicious day like Christmas will delay dying process for at least one week, from the other that people in positive mood can delay their dying process (Justice, 1997). There are some religions where people believe that dying on a particular day may be good because heavens gates are opened on that day. The age of the person have strong influence on their opinion towards death for example people who are above ninety years will reach the stage of self-actualization and lead their life in a peaceful way. People who grow older do not fear for death and welcome it after passing all the stages...
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...Myths in Developmental Psychology Anne Arundel Community College PSY 211-876 Professor: Lori K. Perez Prepared by: Srijana Khatri January 25th Development psychology characterizes the human growth thought the elder less for example childhood to middle hood to late adulthood so on. Developmental psychology study the human growth and the development ,but also the combine not only physical development but also cognitive ,social intellectual, percertual, personality and emotional growth. It also studies how we grow up in deferent culture and what we learned there. In different culture have there on life style also have myths which are very old they are coming from generation to ganerasion.all culture have developed their own mythology which does not have any scientist fact proof. It is important for us to understand development psychology .how we experience our lifestyle in different culture from parental growth to late adulthood and even after death. From the day we are born all of us experience our lives as member of a culture and our culture have many myths example I ma going to decries five myths in this assiment. According to the book “Human Development: A Cultural approach with Additional Material Custom edition for Anne Arundel community college :Human development mean the way people grow and change across the life span ; including people’s biological, cognitive ,psychological, and social functioning. From the day we born we all start our lives as member of a culture...
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...TO 18 MONTHS) The goal of in-fancy is to develop a basic trust in the world. Erikson ( 1968, p. 96) defined basic trust as “ an essential trustfulness of others as well as a fundamental sense of one’s own trust-worthiness.” The mother, or maternal figure, is usually the first important person in the child’s world. She is the one who must satisfy the infant’s need for food and affection. If the mother is inconsistent or rejecting, she becomes a source of frustration for the infant rather than a source of pleasure ( Cummings, Braungart- Rieker, & Du Rocher- Schudlich, 2003; Thompson, Easterbrooks, & Padilla- Walker, 2003). The mother’s behavior creates in the infant a sense of mistrust for his or her world that may persist throughout child-hood and into adulthood. STAGE II: AUTONOMY VERSUS DOUBT ( 18 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS) By the age of 2, most babies can walk and have learned enough about language to communicate with other people. Children in the “ terrible twos” no longer want to depend totally on others. Instead, they strive toward autonomy, the ability to do things for themselves. The child’s desires for power and independence often clash with the wishes of the parent. Erikson believes that children at this stage have the dual desire to hold on and to let go. Parents who are flexible enough to permit their children to explore freely and do things for themselves, while at the same time providing an ever- present guiding hand, encourage-age the establishment of a sense of autonomy...
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...Lifespan Development BSHS/342 Natalie Hetzel May 23, 2011 Issues Affecting the Aged Describe the biological changes that occur in late adult hood and how health and fitness affect the aging process. As people start the ageing process they begin to experience biological changes; most of these changes begin as a person gets to the middle and late adulthood stages. With so many issues that affect seniors today, in the late stages of adulthood many seniors experience different types of issues that can affect their lives, such as health issues, the loss of a husband or wife, family or friends, and social issues as well. This is the stage in life where serious health issues arise and the breakdown of the body systems begins to occur. Over time the protein fibers in senior’s bodies become less elastic and this can affect the health of organs in their bodies. Changes with vision and hearing are common in middle and late adulthood stages, so are changes in the cardiovascular system, and changes in the musculoskeletal system. People begin to experience a loss of strength, heart issues, and health issues concerning other parts of the body such as joint pain, or arthritis, and the loss of bone density. I interviewed my aunt Dorothy Ann Crutchfield, Age 72, a retired RN about the changes she have gone through over the late stages of her life starting with biological changes. She started the conversation by saying that “she still feels like she is in her thirties...
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...P1- Describe physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social development for each of the life stages of an individual. In this assignment I will be going through all of the life stages than an individual will go through. These stages are: • Conception. • Pregnancy. • Birth and Infancy 0 – 3 years. • Childhood 4-9 years. • Adolescence 10-18 years. • Adulthood 19-65 years. • Older Adulthood 65 years + • Final Stages of Life. Conception is when the ovary must have released an egg, this is then drawn down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. This usually occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle. In the process of these, the lining of the womb is preparing for the occurrence of a pregnancy and thickens its lining by increasing blood flow to the thinning blood mucus to allow sperm to enter. During sexual Intercourse, between a man and a woman sperm is ejaculated into the vagina. Once the sperm enters the uterus, it tries to find the egg which is at the lower end of the fallopian tube. Male semen contains several million sperm, but only one will be needed for conception, and that single sperm cell contains the father's genetic contribution to the baby. Each sperm contains 23 chromosomes and each egg contains 23 chromosomes. The sperm can swim, and need to be able to do so as they have to move through the cervix, into the uterus and along the fallopian tubes. During sexual intercourse millions of sperm are ejaculated by a man. The sperm swims through the uterus and fertilizes...
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...Mother-Child Relationship. It was said and it will be said a lot about late Anna Nicole Smith and her late son Daniel’s relationship. The intimacy and the complicity of their relationship wasn’t a secret. Anna Nicole Smith used to say that her son Daniel was her best friend. It was an earthquake for Mrs. Smith when her son passed away. She couldn’t take it; she went depressed and started taking antidepressant medication, which finally intoxicate her to death. She and son proved to the whole world how closed they were. It was a beautiful relationship according to tabloids. Are all mother-child relationships perfect? What makes a mother-child rapport to be good or bad? One of the most prolific environments of interpersonal relationship is the family. Thus, the common form of a family is the nuclear family. It’s constituted with a marital couple living with their offspring in a common dwelling. The essence of the family is the relationship parent-child. The family is an institution where children learn from their parents the signification of the good and the bad, the right and the wrong, or the ethical and the unethical. Parents as guardians of the family have the role to provide basics to the entire family. A family is a place of a symbiotic relationship between parents and children, which involve a lot of exchanges of all nature. The mother-child relationship as well as the parent-child relationship could be classified in three different dimensions (clearly influenced by...
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...research on human development or transition to adult hood in Cambodia. The country of Cambodia or officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Its total landmass is 181,035 square kilometers (69,898 sq mi), bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest [ (Wikipedia) ]. Cambodia has a population size of approximately 14.8 million with the official religion is Theravada Buddhism which is practiced by about 95% of the total countries population. Cambodia is one of poorest and least developed country in the region. In 2003 Cambodia is ranked 130th out of 175 countries worldwide and the human development index was 0.556. Cambodia largest city is Phnom Penh was originally colonization by the French and has grown to become the nation's center of economic ,industrial, political and rich in cultural heritage. It was once know more commonly known as the "Pearl of Asia". Little attention has been given to life span development in Cambodia. In this paper we will go though and discuss all phases of human development from prenatal to death and dying in a redeveloping country such as Cambodia. What makes this an even more interesting and challenging paper is big differences between the size of age groups and health due to the recent genocide of the Khmer Rouge regime (KRR). The death toll of KRR reached 1.7 million about a fourth...
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...various role changes people in this age group might encounter. It’ll talk about health problems and the reasons for these problems. In early adult hood the age range is 18-25. Around this time frame people tend to break away from social ties and begin to become independent from their parents. They move out the house and go to college or simply get their own apartment to gain ultimate independence. They choose not to be committed to anyone, like a serious girlfriend to avoid marriage or children. It was thought that in order to be intimate you were to be serious with someone and possibly get married and have children. However early adults are beginning to discover that marriage and parenthood are only two of several ways paths to go through when in search of intimacy. One of the main sources of intimacy for emerging adults is friendship. This is especially true for those who do in fact break away from their parents and choose not to be married or have children of their own. Usually men and women prefer friends of the same sex so they can participate in same sex activities to form a stronger bond. For example men would play sports with each other and women will talk about problems in their lives at that moment. It’s all a support system that is proven to be beneficial. Although Lenton and webber made the distinction that contemporary emerging adults have one or two cross-sex friendships and several more nonsexual same sex relationships. Thanks to technology young...
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...Youth Violence and Youth Deaths by Guns Capella University November, 2013 Abstract This project will explore the history, cause, and preventive measures on the subject of problems with our youth. As adults the saying "The Children are our future" is fairly and accurately a true statement. With the changing of times, and economic problems within the urban communities, the children of our future are becoming more of the criminals, and inmates of the future. Violence and deaths among youths has become more of a problem than crimes, and violence among adults. Trying to reach youths that have falling victim to the "street life" seems to virtually impossible because the benefits from being in the streets are more appealing to the youths than getting those same benefits by going about it the right, and legal way. Trying to understand why children kill has come to be a disturbing process. It seems that the youth of today have far more resources, and avenues to obtain a gun than the youth of the past. A study was conducted by Author Richard Tremblay, and some of his findings suggested that “Longitudinal studies of large samples of children from infancy to adulthood indicate that the peak age for physical aggression is between the end of the second and the end of the fourth year after birth. Fortunately, because of their size, physical aggression from two-year-olds does not constitute a major threat to the public in general.” (Richard Tremblay, 2007). Many youths have been subjected...
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...of punishment when this occurs. Most wait until it’s too late and many are threatened, injured, or even killed in schools, on buses, or in society in general. Throughout this paper, I will explain several types of incidents that have occurred and were ignored and how they were over looked by a higher authority. I will also include some ideas on how we can take further action into preventing tragedies from occurring if possible. Schools and court systems may say that they have a no tolerance level for bullying, but if you stop and think for a second, why do our children and adults still get bullied and it is often much easier for teachers and judicial systems to look the other way than to put a stop to it before it gets out of hand. Title: Bullying Can Occur At Any Age and Is Often Ignored When we hear the word “bully” we automatically think back to when we were school age children and have either been a victim of bullying or been a bully. The truth is that at one point or another we have all witnessed or experienced some form of bullying. Whether it have been committed at school, home, or in our communities, it is by far a pleasurable experience and can make a life changing impact on our lives. Today bullying is too often portrayed as an adolescent stage that children could grow out of, if it is stopped at a young age and they are shown the effects it has on others. The effects of bullying can lead to suicides and deaths if not handled appropriately by parents, teachers, and any...
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...various shapes that allow substrate molecules to fit inside them. The region where the substrate molecules insert themselves is called the active site. Without enzymes, biological reactions would take excessive time to take place to keep you alive. They are also significant as they aid cells to connect with one another allowing cells to maintain growth, life and death. For example, Enzyme Amylase breaks down starch/carbohydrates digests it into glucose which merges in to our bloodstream and the remaining food is absorbed in the stomach and intestine. However, other enzymes that construct DNA use small...
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...Persuasive Letter Nur/ 405 May 2012 Persuasive Letter Dear Editor, Recently I have done a windshield survey of the community of Vale and an assessment on a family and would like to bring to your attention about a health problem that is affecting both groups. Vale has a host of health problems which includes drug and alcohol use, but the one that I am addressing is obesity. The Friedman family assessment done on the family I chose also cooks in a lot of grease and carbohydrate that is affecting their family’s health. This indicates to me that these unhealthy choices need to be addressed because the family may be at risk for heart disease. Both the community and the family are at risk for health problems that are related to obesity. This problem is related to the culture of the people in the community which is similar to the culture of the family. I am writing to you as a member of the Vale community and a healthcare professional that has worked with the family at risk. I am confident that with proper knowledge and adequate resources in place, both groups would benefit by learning how to incorporate what they learn in their daily activities and how to make healthy food choices. The National institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, (2011), states that “obesity refers to an excessive amount of adipose tissue and occurs when more calories are consumed than burned; energy balance is tipped toward weight gain, overweight, and obesity.” Some people...
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