...Later Adulthood Development Report BSHS/325 Late Adulthood starting at 65+ begins to enter different stages of their lives. Aging involves biophysical changes and challenges, senescence and health issues, Pharmaceutical interventions, and closer monitoring of health and wellness. As an individual age they begin to experience Wisdom: Ego vs. Despair, This stage marks a considerable reduction in productivity and is when a person enters the retirement phase. During this stage, adults tend to look back upon their lives to figure whether they have led a successful life. If so, a feeling of contentment and what Erikson called Integrity vs. Prevails on the adult. This reflection; if not positive, leads to a state of despair where nothing can be done to turn back time and change. This stage and reflection can also be marked by regrets if the aging adult is left to feel unaccomplished. A prominent aspect of this stage is also the fear of death, which contributes to the hopelessness that becomes apparent at this stage. An adult's values at this stage are set and firm nothing can alter or change the thought process or the perception with which she/he now views the world. Late adulthood can be marked by menopause and osteoporosis, a reduction in bone density, grey hair, less skin elasticity, and a loss of muscle mass resulting in an increase of body fat. Cognitively, during late adulthood verbal skills such as vocabulary and broad-spectrum knowledge are still intact. However, memory...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report Adriane McClendon BSHS/325 - HUMAN SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT November 2, 2015 Susan W. Jernigan Over the time in their lives, most people can acquire protected attachments; cognitively, socially, and morally, and produce families and discover good jobs. Ultimately, though, as an individual enter into their 60s and beyond, getting older leads to quicker changes in our bodily, cognitive, and social capabilities and desires, and life starts to approach its natural ending, resulting in the last life stage, beginning in the 60s, known as late adulthood. "Social changes affect a person's decision. If they move, for example, to be closer to family, they will need to make new friends in the new environment, to cope with the loss of old friends, and to deal with the changing roles within the family dynamics as one becomes older." ("End-of-Life Decisions and Late Adulthood," 2007). When an individual enters late adulthood, they start to go through various changes in their role and social position in society. At one point in their life, they were young and had a prominent role in the decisions they made for themselves and others. Many elderly people are parents and grandparents and at one point had the role of being the caretaker of their offspring. During this time of their life this position changes, and it is usually their children taking care of them now. They do not have as much power over their life as they used to have and may not have...
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...Life Stages Interviews and Reports Everyone perspectives on lifestyle changes in all phases of adulthood have changed drastically over the years. Different choices, influences, and situations play a part in adult’s choices that they make throughout his or her young early, middle, and late adulthood years. Team A has conducted three interviews that focus on each stage of adulthood. The interview will cover some of the biological factors, cognitive factors, psychosocial factors, and cultural factors that influence the interviewees. All of the issues help to explain many of the lifestyle changes that adults make over the years. Young Adulthood The first interview conducted focused on the early stage of adulthood. A young woman age 25 by the name of Kelsey was asked a series of questions to help us gain some insight on her stage of development and allow her responses to be analyzed. I began with questions regarding her physical stage of development. I asked Kelsey how she feels about her physical state and what she does to take care of herself. Her response explained that she believes that she is in pretty good health although she does not have to do too much to stay that way. She reported that she eats fast- food a few times a week due to her busy schedule, but she does make time to exercise at least three times a week. She is a college student at the local college and she is also working part-time. I asked if there are any apparent differences between your previous physical...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report BSHS 325 04/22/2014 Later adulthood can be a struggle for some individuals. What we do here is try to ease the transition and provide a healthy way of living. This report will explain changes in role and social position, living accommodations (accessibility and health care needs), adjustment and transition from work to retirement, changes in marriage, family, and peer relationships, and our social policies. We strive to be the best at what is done here, which means being professional and building rapport within our clients. After reading this there will be a better understanding of how we value clients and their overall well-being. As individuals age, they face many obstacles that can put limits on their lives. For example: “When older adults lose the capacity to drive a vehicle, it severely restricts their social interactions, is an assault on their mental well-being, and lessens their independence.” (Biological Aspects of Later Adulthood, Chpt. 14, pg. 590) After losing the basic abilities that enabled them to venture on their own some begin to go into withdrawal and sometimes even depression. Their roles have been shortchanged and their knowledge is undervalued or seldom used. While getting older seems to get more and more discouraging, there are individuals out there that will take matters into their own hands. They are still working even after retirement fulfilling many positions in society...
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...Late Adulthood and End of life PSY/375 Late Adulthood and End of Life There are numerous changes that take place during different stages of development from a child to an adolescent and beyond to adult. Changes in development in late adulthood are not as progressed as in the earlier stages of life (Preisser, 1997). Developmental stages in one’s life are an important part of the journey of life. Discussion on the end of one’s life is not a pleasant one, but it is something that everyone has to go through when it is the end of one’s life span and developmental process. Psychologist Erikson, expressed that the stages of life is a journey and when one reaches late adulthood, he or she comes to terms that his or her life path is at its end (Preisser, 1997). Erikson expressed that when one reaches late adulthood to accept his or her life and look at life in a positive manner. Integrity not despair is this stage of development according to Erikson. When an individual has a sense of integrity he or she is fully accepting his or her self, accomplishments, and can come to terms with mortality (Preisser, 1997). Once an individual can accept responsibility for what he or she achieved in life and undo any negative feelings on what his or her life portrayed this is the essential part of life. There are some individuals who have skepticism or misery over what he or she accomplished or did not accomplish in his or her life, and his is a result of thoughts of despair. When...
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...Later Adulthood Development Report Christina Burgess BSHS/325 August 30, 2015 Laura Cobb Later Adulthood Development Report “As of 2005, there were about 37 million Americans age 65 and over. By 2030, the number is projected to be 72 million- a 100 percent increase in 25 years, compared to a 30 percent growth in total population during the same period” (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 643). During later adulthood, marks a new era in living life to its fullest. Many older adults tend be happier than ever during this phase in their life. Even though later adulthood have more health issues as they age, it is a time in a person’s life to reflect upon the life they have lived because of the use of retirement, transitioning from work to retirement, and the social policies to protect them. When an individual enters later adulthood, they then begin to go through different changes in their role and their social position in our society. In many other parts of the world, transitioning into later adulthood is a sign of wisdom and a mark of status. However, later adulthood is stereotyped into being "an awful life stage that is erroneous, and sadly is a factor in older adults' being treated as "second-class citizens" by some people who are younger" (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 588). Moreover, many older adults are very healthy and remain to have an active lifestyle while many still think, feel and act as if they were still in their 50’s. Society tends to respect later...
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...Radford University Developmental Perspective Paper The life-span perspective views development as lifelong, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. Development is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span. Late adulthood is the longest developmental period. It starts from ages sixty to seventy and lasts until death. Age can be described biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions. Erikson’s Integrity versus Despair is the final developmental stage experienced in late adulthood. An older person will reflect on their life during these years of their lives. They will reflect and evaluate whether their life was meaningful, integrity is achieved and if not the person will go through despair. Erickson proposed that individuals go through distinct stages throughout development of the life span. For...
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...Are Intelligence and Personality Stable Across Adulthood and Into Old Age? Kristin K. Lilienthal PSY101: Introduction to Psychology Instructor: Tiffani Edmunds Are Intelligence and Personality Stable Across Adulthood and Into Old Age? Before a child is born the process of learning begins. A child learns to react to the sound of its parent’s voice, music, and even his mother’s feelings, and a little personality starts to develop. Once a child is born every moment of its day becomes a learning experience as he or she uses his senses to explore the world. How someone learns, retains what is learned, and one’s personality is shaped by life experiences and the knowledge gained from those experiences. Although there may be some changes in cognitive skills and personality as a person moves from middle to late adulthood, the reason for the change is not based on physical age, the changes are the result of the experiences of the individual. As an individual ages there are some natural stages and changes they often go through. Adolescence and young adulthood is a time where an individual starts to explore their identity and lifestyle and assert their independence from the family unit. Individuals may often enter this period under a “cognitive apprenticeship.” A cognitive apprenticeship is “an instructional model wherein parents, siblings, other adults, and especially teachers serve as a combination of model, guide tutor, mentor, and coach to foster intellectual growth among...
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...Of Content Development Across The Life Span Social Clock: Ravena Helson Social And PD In Adulthood : Daniel Levinson Intimacy Vs Isolation: Erik Erikson Relationship Development: Bernard Mursntein Triangular Theory Of Love: Robert Sternberg Selecting A Partner Marriage Conflict Divorce UNIT 4 EARLY ADULTHOOD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Career Choose And Embarking On Career Identity During Young Adulthood Career Development Holland’s Theory Ginzberg’s theory Gender And Career Choice Why People Work Career Transition Learning Unit Objectives Development Across the Lifespan Discuss about the personality development of early adulthood. Explain Social clock: Ravena Helson, Social and PD in adulthood : Daniel Levinson, Intimacy vs Isolation: Erik Erikson, Relationship development: Bernard Mursntein and Triangular Theory of Love: Robert Sternberg Discuss on issues about selecting a Partner as well as Marriage, Conflict in marriage and divorce Discuss issues related to Career. What makes people happy? Money? Materials? Objects? According to research, happiness in young adulthood is usually derived from feelings of independence, competence, or self-esteem (Sheldon et al, 2001). Therefore, the components of happiness: Fulfillment of psychological needs. Building relationships in Early Adulthood: Liking and Loving During early adulthood, romance, love, marriage and...
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...Rites of Passage A rite of passage centers on a marked event and can spotlight an adolescent girl or boy reaching puberty such as the first day of school, marriage, baptism, or a first haircut. . Rite of passage in some societies can be pronounce by milestones and however it can be a long complex preparation. Generally rites of passage can show social values and beliefs that can be very important in various cultures. Puberty is a rite of passage, which number events in life take place and the events lead to adulthood and maturity. Puberty can be an especially, trying time for some an adolescence girl or boy. Girl During Puberty During puberty a girl’s body goes through emotional change such as psychical change, social change, and cognitive development. Puberty is the change in body size, proportions, motor performance, and sexual maturity. Girls tend to age two years earlier than boys. Girls have a growth spurt and their hips begin to grow wider and rounder and weight is gain in the upper arms, back, and thighs. Girls begin at the age of nine to grow at least 17% to 18% of adult height, generally six months prior to getting the first menstrual cycle. Usually during puberty girls need to increase activity or exercise and eat healthy food. Girls go through emotional changes during the menstrual period pubertal events, after the growth spurt. The psychological impact of girls during menstrual period can contribute to physical changes of a girl. Typically a girl will...
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...Unit 4: Development through the life stages Unit 4: Development through the life stages Name: Fatimah Al_Asadi Teacher name: Ms John What is this unit about? This unit enables learners to gain understanding of the different life stages and how people grow and develop. It requires learners to reflect on the importance of a variety of factors and major life events on the development of individuals, and to consider the nature-nurture debate. This unit will also allow learners to gain an insight into the aging process and to understand both positive and negative perspectives of ageing. Learning outcomes: * Understand human growth and development through the life stages. * Understand how life factors and events may influence the development of the individual. * Understand physical changes and psychological perspectives in relation to ageing. P1: Describe the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development through the life stages. The main life stages of human development are: * Conception * Pregnancy and birth. * Infancy * Childhood * Adolescence * Adulthood * Later adulthood. The holistic development of an individual involves them developing physically, intellectually, emotionally and socially. All humans go through the following things: * Growth: an increase in some measured quantity, such as height or weight. * Development: complex changes including an increase in skills...
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...considered a time of confusion, rebellion, and problems. While this can occur, most people emerge from adolescence without any problems and successfully navigate the changes that accompany adolescence. Researchers do seem to agree that there are a lot of changes that take place during adolescence, but it does not always mean that it is an unpleasant time in the lives of humans (Santrock, 2011). As children enter adolescence they will experience neurological, hormonal, and physical changes. It is also important to consider the psychosocial development of adolescents and how it can be influenced by these biological changes as well as the environment that the adolescent is experiencing. Many of the changes that adolescents experience are the result of a combination of factors and the interaction of biology and the environment. Neurological Changes Many times the focus on neurological development is during the early childhood years of development. Such rapid changes take place during early childhood, it is many times the focus of clinicians and academics, but very significant changes also take place during adolescence as well (Rutter, 2007). One of the most interesting neurological changes that are observed in adolescents is that the connections between neurons continue to be refined through pruning (Rutter, 2007). The amount of brain matter tends to increase throughout childhood, but a decline in grey matter is found in adolescence due to pruning of the synaptic connections (Rutter...
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...\]Chapter Four: Human Development 1. The nature-nurture debate basically involves a discussion of A. the relative importance of environment and genetics in determining our development. B. the tension between genetically determined predispositions and environmental constraints. C. the role of early nurturing versus later life experiences as determinants of personality. D. how the physical constraints of humans limit their ability to overcome environmental events. ANS: A 2. During conception, organs first start to form during the _____ period. A. fetal B. zygote C. embryonic D. neonatal ANS: C 3. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)? A. It is caused by heavy drinking on the father’s part prior to conception. B. Most FAS babies have below average intelligence. C. FAS babies are physically the same as non-FAS babies. D. While there are some external symptoms of FAS, internally FAS children are normal. ANS: B 4. Which of the following reactions is not present in newborns? A. stepping reflex B. sucking C. fear of heights D. startle reflex ANS: C 5. One way to gauge an infant’s interest in a stimulus is to see when responsiveness decreases, also called A. habituation. B. regression. C. deactivation. D. response repression. ANS: A 6. Which of the following is an accurate description of brain development during early childhood and infancy? A. The brain’s neurons have fully developed synaptic connections...
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...Written Assignment #3 1. Explain Erikson's psychosocial model and Levinson's theory as they relate to adulthood. What is successful aging? Erikson is a theorist who focused his work on the psychosocial development of individuals throughout their life. He found interest in social change, cultural diversity and psychological crises through life (Berger, 2008, p. 36). According to his model, Erikson believed that individuals go through eight specific stages of development that help one achieve their ego identity (Hooyman, N. R. & Kiyak, H. A., 2011). In each of these stages, an individual has a major task that is to be accomplished as well as a conflict that requires being resolved. Each of these conflicts is a foundation for the successive stages of this model; therefore, the outcome of the crisis presented infers how the individual will advance to the next stage. Erickson’s concept explained how during development individuals proceed through these various stages as they grow and become more capable of dealing with issues and relate with society overall. The stages of Erikson’s psychosocial model are as follows: Stage I is basic trust vs. mistrust. The goal of this stage is to establish a basic trust of the world via trust of parent(s). Stage II is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Here the individual is to establish a sense of autonomy and self from the parent and to establish self-control vs. doubt of one’s abilities. Stage III is initiative vs. guilt. Individuals are...
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...is Nature versus Nurture? Nature versus Nurture is one of the oldest debates in psychology. It centers around the influence of inherited genes and environmental factors on the human development. Nature is those things inherited such as eye color, hair color, certain diseases, etc. Nurture is all the environmental influences after conception which influences development such as carcinogens, language, behaviors, etc. Some philosophers believe most of our characteristics and behaviors are as a result of inherited genes. Those who believe in extreme hereditary influences are known as Nativist. However, others believe the mind is born as a blank slate and we are who we are because of our experiences and are learned behaviors. Those who believe strongly in environmental influences are known as empiricists. (McLeod, 2007) Why has this debate become so controversial? According to McLeod, 2007 this debate has become heated because it begins a way of evaluating behavioral differences in society which then becomes a political debate about distributive justice and power in society. Many in psychology have come to the realization it is not an all or nothing view. Therefore, the debate has become one of deciding which one is most important. Leaving the question of if both factors influence our development which one is more responsible? Case Study A The Italian National Institute of Health, Rome Italy performed a twin study of the attachment styles in young adults. They assessed the...
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