...CFLs – Unit 2 Chapter 8 – Introduction to Metabolism 1. Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions. 2. Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. 3. All laws of energy transformations are conserved. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another. The second law of thermodynamics is that all systems tend to increase in entropy. 4. Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of light and exits in the form of heat. 5. The change in free energy (ΔG) determines if a reaction will occur spontaneously. 6. An exergonic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous (ΔG<0). An endergonic reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous (ΔG>0). 7. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell. ATP hydrolysis releases energy which is used to drive reactions forward. 8. Every reaction must overcome an activation energy barrier to occur. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier. 9. The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzymes substrate. The substrate binds to the enzyme in the enzyme’s active site to form the enzyme –substrate complex. 10. An enzymes environment can affect its activity...
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...A Disease Controlled by Diet Is alcoholism a disease? There’s much confusion. Pull up a barstool beside any alcoholic drinker and ask whether he thinks he has a disease. He will tell you no, even though he may be quick to admit he’s “an alcoholic.” But ask any recovering alcoholic in A.A. He’ll tell you he has a disease and he’ll tell you he has this disease whether or not he’s drinking. Each of them is partly right. Alcoholic drinking starts a disease process. This process progresses when you’re drinking. It stops when you stop drinking. And when you stop drinking, you can heal much of the damage from the disease if you change your diet. Alcoholism fits the definition of disease. Like other diseases, alcoholism impairs your health by damaging your cells. Like other diseases, it interrupts your body’s vital functions, causing specific symptoms. And like other diseases such as cancer, if it’s allowed to continue long enough, it’ll kill you. But as a disease, it has an ironic twist. The agent causing the disease acts like a medicine that cures the symptoms. Alcoholic drinkers actually feel healthier when they’re drinking. Pain and sickness seem to disappear. Unfortunately, the sense of health is artificial. When you drink, you relieve yourself of the symptoms only. Meanwhile, inside your body, a disease process rages. Drinking wears out your body and actually speeds up the aging process. Your cells live their lives in the fast lane of high blood-sugar and toxic...
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...Chapter 13 - Organizational, Political, and Personal Power Power = the ability to influence due to the origin of the power ** Having power gives one the potential to change the attitudes and behaviors of individual people and groups ** Ex: A scientist who is an expert witness in court has power due to his or her expertise Authority = the rights one has due to one’s position. -right to command, accompanies any management positions and is a source of legitimate power, although components of management, authority, and power are also necessary, to a degree, for successful leadership Ex: Human Resources office has the authority to negotiate one’s rate of pay, but not the authority to fire that employee Authority-Power Gap - Right to command does not ensure that employees will follow orders = Gap between position of authority and subordinate response Types of Power Reward power = obtained by the ability to grant favors or reward others with whatever they value Coercive power = the opposite of reward power, is based on fear of punishment if the manager’s expectations are not met Legitimate power = position power; authority - power gained by a little or official positions within an organization Expert power = gained through knowledge, expertise, or experience. - having critical knowledge allows a manager to gain power over others who need that knowledge Referent power = power that a person has because others identify...
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...Positive test: acetoin + alpha-naphthol + KOH = red color. Negative test: alpha-naphthol +KOH = copper color (Ramakrishnan, & Sulochana, 2012). C. Discuss which of your organisms, if any, fermented glucose. S. epidermidis came out positive for glucose fermentation. D. Discuss which of your organisms, if any, produced measurable acidic by-products. Escherichia coli and s. epidermidis was tested and produced measurable acidic by-products from the experiment performed. E. Explain why organisms would have different biochemical pathways to metabolize glucose. Microbes are often identified using biochemical tests that detect specific enzymes of metabolic pathways. E. coli typically ferments lactose. It produce pyruvic acid initially from glucose metabolism. Some microbes use the mixed acid pathway to metabolize pyruvic acid to other acids (Ramakrishnan, & Sulochana, 2012)....
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...Critical Reflection on current clinical knowledge and development Within this assignment I will critically reflect on my clinical knowledge to date and consider my future development needs with a focus on my final management placement and future career as a registered nurse. I have chosen two areas which I feel are relevant to my future development needs namely Quality Assurance and Multidisciplinary/Agency team working and using the Gibbs model (fig. 1)as a framework will reflect upon my own learning experiences and achievements to date and write an annotated reflection highlighting my development needs from which I will formulate a Personal Development Plan. This undertaking demonstrates my commitment to the need for continuing professional development in order to enhance my knowledge, skills values and attitude needed for effective nursing practice (proficiency 4.1) and will address deficits in my knowledge and skills and identify any shortcomings within my own or others practice and help me cope with practice related issues experienced within my previous placements. I have chosen Gibbs reflective model as a basis for reflection as I feel it is easily understood and encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, conclusion and reflection upon the experience to consider a solution if the situation arose again (Brooker & Nicol 2003). It has been advocated that reflective practices are a method of bridging the gap between...
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...Propensity-score Matched Analysis of Complications Between Neobladder and Ileal Conduit", Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2014. Calene Roseman NUR / 544 Nursing Research Utilization Project August 18, 2014 Dr. Margarret Colucceillo 2 Nursing Research Utilization Project Proposal Clinical issue: The improvement of morbidity and improved recovery for patients with bladder cancer. Undergoing radical cystectomy with ileal conduit (Castle. & Pruthi,2013) The problem that I identified and needs a solution is the improvement of post-operative outcomes and morbidity for bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ileal conduit (Kim.Yu.Jung.Lee.& Lee.2013)With the aim to discharge patients using fast track and clinical pathways and improve quality of life and morbidity. Radical cystectomy is a serious and extensive surgery not without risk and complications, hence the fact that complications occurs frequently. (Kulkarni. 2011) the standard care for bladder cancer is cystectomy. (Kulkarni.2011) During this major surgery the bladder is removed along with seminal vesicles, the prostate and lymph nodes (Ohio State University, department of surgery,) The diversion or ileal conduit is shaped by removing a small part of the...
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...The Liverpool Care Pathway: Does it improve the quality of dying? The Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) is an integrated care pathway developed in the late 1990’s (Ellershaw et al, 1997) as a means of transferring best practice in care of the dying, from the hospice environment to other sectors starting in the acute setting. Currently the LCP is a recognised tool used by clinicians in the United Kingdom as well as over twenty countries, to give appropriate care to patients who have reached the last hours or days of their lives. Described to provide comfort to the dying and also address the needs of the carers (Chapman 2009). During this assignment the author will highlight and explain how a data search was conducted, and will analyse the data retrieved, explaining and evaluating the data to build a discussion based on the chosen topic of end of life care, with a focus on the Liverpool Care Pathway. The author will conclude by producing recommendations for practice. Although described above that the Liverpool Care Pathway is an appropriate tool for providing adequate care for patients, it can also be seen as a controversial pathway, being described as a ‘tick box’ approach rather than a humanistic approach (Chapman 2010). It has been referred to by the UK’s Daily Telegraph as ‘sentenced to death on the National Health Service’ (Devlin 2009). The author has a keen interest in palliative care, after researching is interested in enhancing knowledge surrounding the LCP as there are many...
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...with the Juran Institute revealed that 30% of all health care expenses result from poor quality care. In 2009, total health expenditures in the U.S. were $2.5 trillion. This means that $750 billion was the result of poor quality (Ralston & Park, 2011). Care Management Model Based on My Philosophy Case management and clinical pathways are strategies used to manage patient care. Although they use different approaches, both are related. The primary function of a case management program is to enhance the coordination of needed resources for patients and their families. Case managers facilitate access to services, both clinical and non-clinical, by connecting the individuals to resources that support him/her in playing an active role in the self-direction of his/her health care needs. Clinical pathways, on the other hand, are tools and systems. The tool reflects only part of the case management process. Ideally, the plan outlined on the pathway includes patient care interventions and outcomes (Spath, 1994). These pathways can be used as tools in order to achieve my philosophy of quality management that parallel that of Dr. Joseph Juran. As tools, pathways are used to organize and sequence specific elements of patient care to promote movement of the patient toward...
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...FYC 6620: Program Planning and Evaluation for Human Service Delivery SPRING 2008 |Meeting Time: Thursday 4:05 – 7:05 |Class Location: 1108 McCarty B | | | | |Instructor: David Diehl, Ph.D. – Assistant Professor, Program Planning|Office Hours: By appointment | |and Evaluation | | | |E-mail: dcdiehl@ufl.edu (please do not use the E-Learning e-mail) | |Office: 3038 McCarty Hall D |Course Listserv: SPRING-2205-L@lists.ufl.edu | |392-1778 x278 | | | | | Course Description: Program Planning and Evaluation for Human Service Delivery is a three-credit-hour course that teaches students the philosophy, theory, and process of planning and evaluating...
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...From the first time the Supreme Court met on Broad Street in New York City in February in 1790 to its current address in 1 First St NE in Washington DC. With this essay I will simply lay out the role and the pathway of the Court to become the arbiter of the existence and scope of individual rights. I will do my best to simply lay out the facts of the evolution of the court and to not put my political ideals into this paper. I will navigate specific cases, and adopted positions that enhanced or undermined its legitimacy as well as its authority. To give a layout of the Court in the Constitution is in Article III section 1. which “ The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from...
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...The "Takings Clause" of the U.S. Constitution states simply "nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation." (Sullivan, n.d.) However, in the last quarter century, that clause has taken on a prominent role in constitutional jurisprudence, particularly with respect to the limits of state and local regulatory power. Any discussion of the Takings Clause should begin with the history that led to its enactment and the way case law has developed. There are two main points on the original understanding of the Fifth Amendment Takings Clause. When the federal government physically took private property, the clause required compensation and regulations, limiting the ways in which the property could be used. However, in...
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...Australia. Also, there is uncertainty to whether the rule of law is followed within this company because it is not directly enforceable under any laws relating to disability work placement, and there are no active checks on the company. Justice is achieved for people with disabilities in finding and maintaining work through its many partnerships with business, providing options and pathways, and flexibility with work type and hours. This is an effective company in delivering just outcomes for people with disabilities finding work placement. However, it does not make sure the person maintains the work placement. The ‘Disability Services (Increased Opportunities) Amendment 2018 is a legal solution targeting lack of enforceability of current legislation and organisations through amending the ‘Disability Services Act 1986’. The amendment...
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...On November 9, 2017, I attended the Leon S. Peters Ethics Lecture Series. At this particular lecture, Richard Rothstein came to speak about his book The Color of Law. In his book, Rothstein depicts how segregation in America is at the fault of government policies. The author is a fellow at the Thurgood Marshall Institute of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, as well as the Haas Institute at UC Berkeley. Along with these accomplishments, Rothstein is also a research associate of the Economic Policy Institute. Over the course of his life, he has dedicated his studies to researching US history to find the underlying causes of segregation in America. He began his lecture by informing the audience that the United States has used de facto discrimination to explain the reasons for segregation. De facto segregation means that racial segregation occurs through “fact” rather than through legal...
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...The issue of legal marijuana use whether it be medicinal or recreational, is nearly impossible to avoid. Every year more and more states are voting for and passing their right to tax and regulate cannabis. Montana has a unique story when it comes medical marijuana. In 2004 voters legalized the use of medical marijuana by a 62 percent referendum vote. By 2011 Montana witnessed a seismic shift in marijuana law, commonly known as Senate Bill 423, or SB423, this bill made it much harder and less appealing for patients to participate in the program, and has made it extremely difficulty for providers to legally grow and cultivate for their patients. There has been some recent relief for medical marijuana businesses thanks to a strike down of a few key portions in the 2011 restrictions. Montana’s current medical marijuana laws are still in danger of being made stricter or...
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...Matthew Witkowski BCOM/275 10NOV2014 Lynda Sohl Should Medical Marijuana Be Legalized? The legalization of medical marijuana is a sensitive subject both politically and individually. There have been many field tests and trials validating marijuana as an aid to help various medical conditions from cancer to traumatic brain injuries. My argument has little to do with the political argument as I will be focusing mainly on the individual argument. The Pros and Cons of Legalization In an Oxford University journal report from 2013 states that the endocannabinoid system plays an important roles in the reparative mechanisms that are shared with minocycline pathways reduces the lesion volume and decreases TBI-induced hyperactivity. (Oxford University Press, 2013) . In another study led by Prof. Yosef Sarne from Tel Aviv University suggests that a single, low dose of THC was able to protect the brain from long-term damage induced by a variety of experimental toxins. (Truthonpot.com, 2013). The most recent study was reported by Jeffrey Carpenter of ABC News. He cites the research done at the Hebrew University that shows that a cannabinoid, similar to the active ingredient found in marijuana and produced in the brains of many animals, protects mice from brain injury. This reports quotes Dr Shohami as saying she didn’t “see any problems with using a drug from this family to treat patients”. (Carpenter...
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