...Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009 Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926) Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937 • Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition • Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938) Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960) • Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion...
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...Leadership Style and Theory Sarah Spencer LDR/531 August 31, 2015 John Bevell Leadership Style and Theory Many people believed leaders were born with inherited traits, but over time leaders became understood as being developed through learned behaviors, skills, and style. The different theories and styles of a leader discussed throughout this paper as well as the leadership styles identified. The leadership theories are defined. Finally the results of the mentor meeting focusing on leadership style detailed in this paper. Leadership Style The six styles of leadership discussed are an ambassador, advocate, people mover, truth-seeker, creative builder, and experienced guide. An ambassador is a style that makes a leader comfortable in most situations (Galford and Maruca, 2011). This style can defuse situations, and is less likely to start conflict for their benefit (Galford and Maruca, 2011). They are good at assessing, developing, and helping others understand what is expected (Galford and Maruca, 2011). An advocate instinctively acts as the spokesperson (Galford and Maruca, 2011). Their main skills are articulate, rational, logical, and persuasive (Galford and Maruca, 2011). This leadership style uses both linear and nonlinear approaches (Galford and Maruca, 2011). People movers instinctively take the lead (Galford and Maruca, 2011). They have characteristics such as talent-spotter, motivator, career-builders, and nurturing (Galford and Maruca, 2011). People...
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...TERM PAPER ON Theory of Leadership Style Submitted To Md. Sahidur Rahman Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies University of Chittagong Submitted by Session: 2005-2006 Department of Management Studies University of Chittagong 07 June, 2011 University of Chittagong Letter of submission Date: 07 June, 2011 Mr. Md. Sahidur Rahman Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies University of Chittagong. Subject: Prayer for obliging the ‘TERM PAPER’. Sir, With due respect, beg to focus your kind attention with the following fact that as biased requirement of the BBA Programmed. I had studied many feature, journal, research material, reports, and professional papers to collect the information regarding Theories of Leadership. And I have tried my best to build and maintain follower ship by earning the respect of those they lead. I hope that you will accept my TERM PAPER considering its distinctiveness. Yours truly, ………………… Department of Management Studies University of Chittagong Acknowledgement At first I want to give thanks to the Almighty Allah who is our creator and has given us life to live on the earth. That’s why, I like to pray to Him and want His blessings to lead our life properly. The Term paper could not have been prepared without the generous contribution...
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...Abstract Leadership styles and theories are essential to an organization’s structure, culture, and development. Understanding leadership style can help a company build a foundation that can lead to improved productivity, employee retention, and improved employee relations. This paper will show the leadership style of my former manager and how his leadership influenced job performance, organizational commitment, trust, and decision-making. The goal is to better understand how his transformational leadership style helped improve my leadership and build on the policies and procedures within the organization. In addition, I will include information pertaining to my own leadership assessment as it pertains to do you have what it takes to be a leader? Introduction This analysis will show how Kurt Griebel played an important role in the development of my managerial skills such as, knowledge, decision-making, and behavior. Organizational behavior depends on leaders, like Kurt Griebel, to manage others to achieve the company's goals and objectives. The definition of leadership is defined “as the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement” (Colquitt, Lepine, & Wesson, 2011, p. 485). An important aspect of Kurt’s leadership style was he used different decision-making processes to achieve the company’s goals and objectives. He was known in the Target Corporation as an effective leader who focused on the situation, and made a decision...
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...Term paper On Relevance of leadership theories, role of leadership style and team building for organizational performance in context of Bangladesh. Organization theory and Behavior (PPG505) Submitted to Dr. Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Associate Professor Department of Political Science & Sociology And Director, MPPG Program North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [pic] Submitted by MD. AMDAD HOSSAN ID NO. 1412126085 MPPG 4th Batch, Department of PSS, NSU, Dhaka 1. Introduction Leadership is a highly sought-after and highly valued commodity. In the last three decades, especially after the NPM movement, leadership has attracted substantial attention as an essential factor for organizational performance in the public sector (Cristin &Ticlu, 2012). The public has become increasingly captivated by the idea of leadership. People continue to ask themselves and others what makes good leaders. As individuals, they seek more information on how to become effective leaders (Bryman, 1992). Many people believe that leadership is a way to improve their personal, social, and professional lives. Corporations seek those with leadership ability because they believe they bring special assets to their organizations and, ultimately, improve the bottom line (Parry, 2003). In addition, leadership has gained the attention of researchers worldwide. A review of the scholarly studies on leadership shows that there is a wide variety of different...
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...Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Leadership Theories Peggy MacIsaac University of Fredericton September 2013 1 Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Introduction Contingency Approaches to leadership theories have led to the development of two very important and effective leadership theories. The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory and the Path-Goal Leadership theory have been instrumental in guiding leaders as they learn to embrace how situational factors affect their selection of leadership style. The following will explore these two theories, look at their similarities and differences and the effectiveness of utilizing these approaches. Leadership Theories - Situational Leadership Theory: Situational Leadership Theory (short form for the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory) was created by management experts Dr. Paul Hersey, and Ken Blanchard. It became popular in the 1970’s/early 1980’s. This theory draws views mainly from contingency focused thinking. As the title implies, this theory focuses on the idea that leadership style is dependent on each unique situation and that there is no one perfect or optimum leadership style. The most important component of the situation is the characteristics of the follower and this is what determines the most effective leadership style. Situational Leadership Theory suggests that the style of leadership used in a situation revolves around the leader’s ability to accurately diagnose...
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...Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009 Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926) Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937 • Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition • Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938) Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960) • Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion...
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...Running head: Applying Leadership Theories Applying Leadership Theories in the School Setting Teresa E. McNair Grand Canyon University: EDA-574 September 28, 2011 Applying Leadership Theories in the School Setting As many of us already know, there are several variables in creating a successful school. A successful organization has one major attribute that sets it apart from unsuccessful organizations dynamic and effective leadership (Hersey, Blanchard, & Johnson, 2008). Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward reaching goal achievement in a given situation (Hersey, Blanchard, & Johnson, 2008). For the past three decades, education has been going through a sustained period of reform and restructuring (Razik & Swanson, 2010). With these changes, leadership styles must undergo changes to keep up with the needs of the global society (Razik & Swanson, 2010). Experts do not agree on one leadership style or theory that should be implemented to achieve success. Many have decided that a combination of different theories based on needs will yield the best result. This essay will depict how different leadership theories apply to my school (Forest High School) setting as reflected from the leader’s behavior and actions. Applying Leadership Theories Individuals’ interest in leadership increased during the early part of the twentieth century. Early leadership theories focused on what qualities...
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...Military leadership theory brings forth the discovery of many ideas regarding the application of knowledge from a military background in a business environment. Much information was premised on business owners, managers and employees working collectively, how to improve communication skills, and how to define a goal and motivate others to follow it based on military leadership. The connection between these two worlds of business and military is apparent. Many of today’s companies derive their structure and leadership model from that which is applied in the army. The military typically has a main leader or a decision \ maker, who transmits orders to subordinates at lower levels. This model is almost identical to what is seen in many business organizations throughout the world (Rost, 1993). The US Army defines leadership as “The process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization” (Army Leadership, 2012). However, this definition does not delve into whether leadership is innate or not. There are two main ideas – Colonel Sherman L. Kiser states that leadership is an exact science capable of being understood and practiced by anyone or General Sir Archibald P. Wavell’s which states “no amount of learning will make a man a leader unless he has the natural qualities of one” (Taylor and Rosenbach, 1984). Leadership has gone through several stages of development throughout history, which...
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...difference between a theory and a model? I suppose this question is asking is the difference between a leadership theory and a leadership model. A leadership theory is an explanation of some aspect of leadership; explanation of the variables and leadership styles to be used in a given contingency situation. A leadership model is a short summary of the theory to be used when selecting the appropriate leadership style for a given situation. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? For Followers, capability and motivation, for leaders, personality traits, behavior and experience, for situation, task structure, and environment. I have no idea what this means but the chart in the book stated that exhibit 4.1 was the framework for contingency leadership variables. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Contingency leadership style is based on the leader, follower and the situation. Taking someone from a country such as the United States, have him/her try to lead in China the way they would in the United States, could be disastrous. In Contingency leadership it is best to match the leader to the follower or situation. What are the two contingency leadership theory leadership styles? Task and Relationship are the two leadership styles under the contingency leadership theory. Task relates to the job and relationship relates to the employee. Do the three situational favorableness factors of the contingency leadership model fit in only...
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...Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. (Robbins and Judge 2005). Leaders have the task of planning, organizing, solving problems, motivating, supporting, delegating, rewarding, networking and rewarding their employees or group members, among numerous other tasks. Consequently it can be said that the performance and effectiveness of an organization is directly related and depends upon the leadership that it has. With reference to Fiedler’s Contingency Model/ Theory, Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, Path-Goal theory and Participative Leadership Model, the validity of this statement shall be proven. The very first complete contingency model for leadership was developed by Fred Fiedler. The Fiedler contingency model proposes that successful group performance depends on the proper coherence between the leader’s style and the extent to which the situation gives the leader control. (Robbins and Judge 2005) In Fielder’s contingency model, first the leadership style of the individual needs to be identified through a special questionnaire referred to as the “least preferred co-worker questionnaire”. This evaluates whether the person is relationship oriented or task oriented. The next step is matching the leader to the situation using leader-member relations, task structure or position power variables. Finally we evaluate. Fiedler concluded that task-oriented leaders perform better in situations...
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...REVIEW OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY Situational Leadership Theory is arguably the most widely known and practiced theory of leadership and managerial effectiveness. In this essay, the origins and fundamentals of the theory are considered, as well as the available evidence that supports or contradicts the its validity. Background Situational Leadership Theory as presented by Hersey and Blanchard developed from the work of J. W. Reddin’s 3-Dimensional Management Style Theory. That theory hypothesizes the importance of a manager’s relationship orientation and task orientation in conjunction with effectiveness (Reddin 1967, 8). From the interplay of these dimensions, Reddin proposes a variety of management styles and theorizes that effectiveness as a manager can be explained as a function of matching a leader’s style to a specific situation. However, his theory does not specify whether certain situational characteristics could be unequivocally incorporated into a predictive model (Vecchio 1987, 444). From Reddin’s suggestion that a leader’s effectiveness varies according to style, Hersey and Blanchard proposed a life-cycle theory of leadership. According to this theory, degrees of task orientation and relationship orientation are to be examined in conjunction with the maturity of a follower or group of followers in order to account for leader effectiveness (Hersey and Blanchard 1969, 29). The main principle of the life-cycle theory is that as the level...
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...Abstract It’s not only Western enterprises that expand globally, enterprises from emerging countries are doing the same more and more organizations are expanding from a local to a global market space. Especially India is establishing itself as economic center and is rapidly becoming the new global economic superpowers. An understanding of local culture and how it affect Western leadership practices and behavior is key in order to become a successful leader, as Western enterprises continues to establish themselves into these emerging markets. In the very same way as enterprises from emerging markets need to understand the local culture when they establish themselves in Western countries. The aim of this report is to investigate what cultural factors/dimension that affect leadership in the context of multi countries as well as to investigate behavioral styles and practices leaders operating in India and see how Western leadership theories are relevant to these set up. Introduction In today’s world we have emerged from the industrial age, into the information age where knowledge is our most valuable assets. The rapid technological development that have enabled this information age is also affecting the pace at which change is happening in the world. The pace of change is rapidly increasing and in order for organizations to be successful they need to keep up with this pace (Schwarz & Brock, 1998). In a recent business leader review with more than 400 senior executives...
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...career plan (refer the Appendix 2), there are two leadership theories will be identified, situational leadership and transformational leadership; which can help Jiamin improve the lack skills of working as a employee and to obtain the personal and career goals. In 1969, Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard published the first edition situational leadership, named “life Cycle Theory of Leadership; and during the mid-1970s, it was renamed “situational leadership theory” (Graeff 1997). According to the task behavior and the relationship behavior that between leaders and followers, Hersey and Blanchard defined four styles in the situational leadership theory (Hersey & Blanchard, 1977). The first one is Telling; means the leaders has a high directive to underling, but offer a low support. The second one is Selling, which instead of the leader is high directive and high supportive. If leaders are low directive and high supportive, it is named “Participating”. “Delegating” means leaders are low directive and low supportive, thus employees can use their inventive powers. Meanwhile, in term of the ability and willing of employees, they also put forward the corresponding Maturity levels include four stages to the four leadership styles (Avery & Ryan, 2002). For instance, if employee who belong “able to do, and willing to do the task”, it will refer the “Delegating” leadership style. Applying the situational leadership to the facts, this theory will help Jiamin to fix the weakness that refers...
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...Situational Leadership Approach in Organizations Trina J. Hill LDR 531 - Week 2 January 22, 2013 Dr. Devona Smith-Fink Situational Leadership Approach in Organizations Management theorists Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard developed the situational leadership approach. This methodology supports the notion that there is not one leadership style more important or ideal than another. Rather, the leader must apply an adaptive manner by judging the impact of contextual information along the path of leadership processes. Military organizations have recognized the importance of the contextual factors involved in the situational leadership approach. The Situational Life Cycle Theory of Leadership The theory requires the leader to examine the maturity level of their subordinates and fuse the task-oriented and relations-oriented behavior. Leadership style is also emphasized; and a delicate balance with maturity and style materializes to successfully lead based on the situation. Hersey and Blanchard modeled four leadership styles: telling, selling, participating and delegating with four maturity levels: low, medium (low skills), medium (high skills), and high maturity. “Four degrees of maturity (quadrants M1-M4) are distinguished… segments of a continuum ranging from immature to mature” (Yukl, 2010 p 233). The cycle is progressive as relationships and behaviors are directed, coached, delegated and supported from leader to subordinate, as exhibited in the figure. A high-maturity...
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