...CHAPTER 3 ♦ ETHICAL BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ♦ Ethical Behavior- is that which is accepted as “good” and “right” as opposed to “bad” or “wrong” in the context of the governing moral code. Laws and Values as Determinate of Ethical Behavior * Personal Values- the underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine individual behavior. * Terminal Values- are preference about desired ends, such as the goal’s one strives to achieve in life. Ex. Self-respect, family security, freedom and happiness. * Instrumental Values- preferences regarding the means for accomplishing these ends. Ex. Honesty, ambition, imagination, and self-discipline. Alternative Views of Ethics Four views of Ethical Behavior: ♦ Utilitarian View- considers ethical behavior to be that which delivers the greatest good to the greatest number of people. ♦ Individualism View- is based on the belief that one’s primary commitment is to the long-term advancement of self-interests. ♦ Moral Rights View- it is which respects and protects the fundamental rights of people. ♦ Justice View- it is based on the belief that ethical decisions treat people impartially and fairly, according to legal rules and standards. • Procedural Justice • Distributive Justice • Commutative Justice • Interactional Justice Cultural Issues in Ethical Behavior Cultural Relativism- belief that is no one rights way to behave and that ethical behavior is always determined by the cultural context. Universalism- suggests ethical standards...
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...ETHICS IN BUSINESS . Table of Contents Introduction: 1 Body one what is ethics: 2 Body two the four views of ethics: 3 Body three the ethical challenges: 5 Body four companies reaction to unethical action: 6 Conclusion: 7 The summary: 8 References and bibliography: 9 Introduction: Management is an exiting topic to study. It gives people the ability to interact with the recent action around the world. Also it gives people the authority to judge the situation, and make a decision based on their perspective views. In addition, ethics is one of the most anticipate it topics in business and in real life situation. People will start to decide the action whether it is ethical or not. Also how people ethical views are different from culture to culture. People have opposite opinion about the situation based on effect their life positively or negatively. Ethics is not just for individuals to care about. Governments, organizations, and banks spend a huge amount of money on determent what is ethical and what is not? Companies could lose all their customers if they made an unethical action. Governments could lose all their supporters if had an unethical scandal. Even, celebrities would lose all of his fans if he or she did unethical action such as racism or sexual abused. However, most of companies have guidelines or policies to face and prevent any unethical issues in side the organization against costumers or employees. Business ethics is a very important factor...
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...social responsibility ( CSR) seems to be came in the beginning of the millennium after so many wrong actions in past decades. May be, after the shock of scandals business such as Enron, WorldCom and Parmalat, also with the effect of weather change on the environment, all in consider have make many companies and organizations to rethink about their responsibilities towards their customers and stakeholders. Nowadays, business suggested that CSR is a normative, has different levels of concepts, which definition depends on many different of views and relationships, and changes in response to social directions (Silberhorn & Warren, 2007) . This study will examine how CSR is defined from different perspectives. There are different businesses see CSR from different concepts, they have their own trends. By looking at statement of missions of large companies publish on their web sites, we will find it explores their social responsibility and there view for their nation. Some businesses see CSR is about making profit. Unlike others businesses, attempt to do more than to make a profit (Struijk, 2012). Despite the fact that the main responsibility of a firm is to make a profit, in order to provide a product or excellent service that people are looking for. For example, some of companies could be responsible investing into some social activity like saving the energy like solar and wind power. Some companies can be responsible investing into saving animals endangered, or helping poor...
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...Responsibility Project 2 The Responsibility Project A short film was chosen to view on the Responsibility Project website. The film chosen was named Greyston Bakery. The film highlights some very important issues concerning business and their place within their community. The film explores how external social pressures influenced the organizational ethics of the bakery and its management. These issues have proven relevant to both personal and organizational decision making. The film also presents the viewer with information regarding the relationship between ethics and the law as they pertain to business operation. The short film is about Greyston Bakery which is famous for the brownies it makes and sells. Despite the success of the brownie Greyston CEO Julius Walls Jr wants people to be aware of what is happening behind the scenes at his company. He views the profits of his company as the means to supporting a mission. Walls Jr classifies Greyton as a social enterprise in which there are two bottom lines, one for profits and one for a social mission. The film presents the external social pressure of giving back to the community. Greyston Bakery focuses one of its social efforts on providing employment to people within its own community using an open hiring process. Open hiring allows an opportunity for employment to anyone who walks through the doors regardless of previous history. The company views this as a way to help struggling community members get back on their feet and...
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...July 18, 2010 Professional Ethics Paper The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationships between legal and ethical issues, identify personal values and professional ethics, examine ethical theories and principles, and apply these to current practice examples. Nurses face an ever-growing complexity within their practice as professionals. Understanding the relationship between legal and ethical issues and how to apply that understanding to every day practice is paramount for today’s professional nurse. This paper will further explore these ethical theories and principles while discussing how personal values affect an individual’s nursing practice. The Relationship Between Legal and Ethical Issues Nurses, as with any job, face challenges in order to accomplish the tasks of their role. This is one of the reasons that it is important to have a description that serves as guidance as to how the role is to be accomplished. Without such guidelines, it is likely that there will be a breach of established rules along the way to performing duties and accomplishing the job duties. In situations where one person exercises authority over another, there are important guidelines that define relationship between the two parties. Legal and ethical principles define how a job is to be carried out and how individuals are to relate to one another. Legal and professional ethics define the liability of the person that is entrusted with accomplishing a certain task. They...
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...When a company makes a strategic decision it is important to evaluate the impact of the ethical consequences toward the company and the stakeholders. Often a company will make a strategic plan based on profit; however, social responsibility looks outside of profits and determines the effects on all stakeholders including customers, environment, and society. In addition, the strategic decision should also be based on the code of ethics set forth by the organization. Furthermore, when determining the development of a strategic plan, the organization may either use the views of Milton Friedman or Archie Carroll (Wheelen, 2010). Two Views of Social Responsibility Milton Friedman and Archie Carroll have two opposing opinions of social responsibility. Both opinions evaluate the effect a company invests in the environment or society to the effect of the shareholders dividends and investments. Milton Freidman suggests that the main view of the organization is to make money for the organization’s shareholders. Freidman views by investing in trivial projects that helps the environment and society, the company is taking away money owed to its shareholders. In addition, Freidman argues by not investing in society responsibility, the company can keep the prices on its products and services to a minimum which will result in more business transactions. Archie Carroll’s view is the opposite. Carroll suggests when an organization invests in society responsibility it will build a positive...
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...Legal and Ethical Environment of Business Thomas Matthew October 9, 2013 American InterContinental University Eric Baime * Analyze and explain the state of our legal system in terms of ethics. The basis of our legal system was and is to protect the wealth of a very few by imposing laws on the less fortunate class of society. Tribal leaders and kings that were capable of forming armies to their benefit developed this system years ago. They formed this cartel and enforced their rules upon a society who lacked the power to contest the laws imposed on them. This system has evolved in our society in the form of a government who utilize the police and military to dictate the lives of the public. They inform the public that these laws exist to protect the interests of the people within the society. If these laws were actually created for the overall good of humanity then indeed they would be ethical but in reality people in power abuse these laws for their benefit. The laws within our legal system do consist of some ethical components and are considered either valid or invalid. Since our legal system was created by the wealthy they essentially do have opposing ethical views. The conflicting viewpoints exist in the legal system because the laws strip freedom and justice from one person in order to provide it to another. This implies that unethical laws are present giving power to more and limiting it to some. The legal system consists of laws that prohibit ethical...
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...University Faculty of Economics and Business I. Introduction I. Background Ethics Behavior and Social Responsibility Ethical behavior is that which is morally accepted as “good” and “right”. And opposed to “bad” and “wrong”. Social responsibility is a moral principle of an entity, be it an organization or individual, to act towards betterment of society at large. It is a duty that every firm and individual should perform so as to maintain the balance between the environment and economy. Their actions should lead towards sustainable development so as to safeguard the interests of the coming generations and at the same time fulfilling the needs of present population. The responsibility can be active, by performing activities that directly advance social goals, or passive, by avoiding any engagement in socially harmful act. Organizations can manage ethics in their workplaces by establishing an ethics management program. Brian Schrag, Executive Secretary of the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, clarifies. “Typically, ethics programs convey corporate values, often using codes and policies to guide decisions and behavior, and can include extensive training and evaluating, depending on the organization. They provide guidance in ethical dilemmas.” We need to give emphasis to a key word underlying activity in the ethical behavior and social responsibility in workplace: honesty. Currently there has been a reduction of the employee...
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...Implementing ethico-legal issues in nursing practice. Caldwell, E., Lu, H., & Harding, T. (2010). Encompassing multiple moral paradigms: a challenge for nursing educators. Nursing Ethics 17(2), 189-199. Retrieved August3, 2010, from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition Database. Aim: As society becomes increasingly globalised, it is imperative to include international educational perspectives in the nursing profession (Robinson, Sportsman, Eschiti, Bradshaw and Bol, (2006). Caldwell, Lu & Harding (2010) argue that the quality of nursing care necessitates nurses to reflect on nursing ethics in relation to their individual principled way of life. Cadwell, Lu & Harding (2010) paper explores these ideas. Summary: The fundamental nature of professional development implies personal development (Glen, 2005). ‘Encompassing multiple moral paradigms: a challenge for nursing educators’, is an in-depth analysis of nursing ethical dilemmas; the efforts that are undertaken to implement professional development through reflection, self-monitoring and self-control; and the challenges for nurse educators to integrate the syllabus into real-life clinical practice situations. Caldwell, Lu & Harding (2010) study analyses nursing ethics, Chinese ethical philosophies, and Judeo/Christian traditions as they endeavour to demonstrate the real-life issues of morally conflicting situations in nursing practice within these groups and the possible legal consequences. Relevant to topic yes/no...
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...In the business world, we must separate our own morals from legality ethics because whether we believe we are taking action to help save jobs or businesses, it is necessary to respect our business law of ethics. Ethics should be considered in every choice we make, especially those concerning business and legal decisions. Although, an action is technically considered a legal one, that doesn’t exactly mean that it is ethical. Also, the other way around, just because an action is illegal, is it morally or ethically right because it is helping those in need or because it seems acceptable in the world today. In 2012, a Chinese electronics manufacturing company, who is responsible for producing components and parts for Apple, was revealed to be employing underage workers after an internal audit was done against them. This act was in direct violation of child labor laws, but seemingly enough many U.S. companies continue to use products from Chinese companies that hire underage workers to produce their products. Even though it is against the law, many justify this action by believing it is ethical because it provides jobs to people in need and that the children want to work and are doing so to help their poor families in need. Also, this helps Apple because it provides them with very cheap labor, so it is a beneficial to not only the workers but the company itself. The media bashes these companies by putting them on the news and writing articles explaining the accidents and mistakes...
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...The ethical dilemma surrounding gay marriages Homosexuality is an erotic reaction to the sexual desire of people of the same sex. It is not only about sexual intercourse with similar sex as this could be as a result of limited sexual chances or even rituals in cultural practices. Homosexuality has been considered as a mental disorder. Some think it is Satanism. The issue of gay marriages is a hot topic in our country today. Some states have legalized gay marriages while other states still refuse same sex marriages. For instance in march last year, Michigan State legalized same sex marriages and later the same day, the ruling was stayed and later in the month, a central appeal court stayed the ruling for an indefinite period (Koppel & Jones,...
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...Chapter 5 Social responsibility and Managerial Ethics WHAT IS SOCIAL RESPONISBILITY? Two views of social responsibility The classical View * The classical View says that management’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits. * Management’s only social responsibility is to maximize profits (create a financial return) by operating the business in the best interests of the stockholders (owners of the corporation). * Expanding the firm’s resources on doing “social good” unjustifiably increases costs that lower profits to the owners and raises prices to consumers. The Socioeconomic View * The Socioeconomic View is the view that management’s only social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society’s welfare. * Management’s social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society’s welfare * Corporations are not independent entities responsible only to stockholders. * Firms have a moral responsibility to larger society to become involved in social, legal, and political issues. * “To do the right thing” Comparing the Two Views * A stage 1 manager is following the classical view of social responsibility and obeys all laws and regulations while caring for stockholders’ interests. * At stage 2 managers expand their responsibility to another important stakeholder group – employees. Because they want to attract, keep, and motivate good employees, stage 2 managers...
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...am Scam and Ethics Running head: ETHICAL ISSUES IN SATYAM SCAM 1 A Study of Ethical Issues in Satyam Scam Haresh M Patel (Roll No.2234) B.K.School of Business Management (Evening Programme) ?Ethical Issues in Satyam Scam Abstract “Reputation is an idle and most false imposition: oft got without merit, and lost without deserving”. Failed institutions, including Lehman Brothers, Enron and Satyam, would stand a testimony to this affray in a post-mortem analysis. This paper discusses corporate ethical issues involved in ‘Satyam Scam’ from a compliance perspective. It makes a distinction between legal and ethical compliance mechanisms and also shows that the legal compliance mechanism has clearly proven to be inadequate as it lacks the moral firepower to restore confidence and the ability to build trust. The concepts of freedom of indifference and freedom for excellence provide a theoretical basis for explaining why legal compliance mechanisms are insufficient in 2 dealing with fraudulent practices and may not be addressing the real and fundamental issues that inspire ethical behavior. The focus of the virtues in governance is to establish a series of practical responses which depend on the consistent application of core values and principles as well as commitment to ethical business practice. In my opinion, No one makes it to the top ranks of corporate management without a healthy amount of self-assurance. Confidence underlies decisive, strong leadership, but does overconfidence...
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...Advance Directives Irene was a 78-year-old female getting ready to leave for an appointment with her daughter. The nursing home staff assisted Irene out to her daughter’s car but then Irene collapsed. Concerned, the staff dialed 911 per facility protocol and made Irene comfortable, waiting with Irene’s daughter, for the ambulance to arrive. The ambulance personnel arrived to the scene and immediately proceeded with performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Ethical Dilemma Irene’s daughter and nurse instantly stated that Irene was a DNR resident of the facility. Emergency personnel stated that they would have to view the DNR documents and would continue procedures until they examined the required paperwork. Irene’s nurse ran into the facility to grab her record; however, by her return the emergency personnel had already resuscitated Irene. There are many scenarios where ball dropping can occur in healthcare and it is at those times when ethical legal decision-making dilemmas appear. Marjorie is a 91-year-old female residing in a long-term care facility (Kase, 2013). Marjorie’s daughter filed a lawsuit against the long-term care facility and the hospital for attempting to resuscitate Marjorie and perform multiple and painful interventions to sustain her...
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...Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues LAW/421 Contemporary Business Law Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues With the increasing globalization of business, organizations are finding themselves in an global environment full of legal and ethical challenges. In some international environments, the very legitimacy of a company doing business in a specific country can be a challenge. International transactions and dispute resolution require both an understanding of the law and sensitivity to foreign culture, formal and information power structures and decision-making approaches. This paper will ethical and legal issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions. From an ethical point of view, an organization seeking to expand globally should first consider whether they should conduct business in countries after researching the specific country’s sociopolitical environment. Corrupt public officials, participating in racial or gender discrimination, polluting the environment or violate the human rights of their citizens through slave or child labor or inhuman working conditions (Trevino & Nelson, 2011) is considered corporate culture in some countries. For example, Foxconn is a multinational electronics contractor for major American, European, and Japanese electronic companies who has been involved in several controversies relating to how it manages employees in China. It is claimed that Foxconn uses underage workers and...
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