...identify how much the Church1 has made use of traditional systems and values in reflecting and communicating pastorally particularly in regard the Social of the Church (henceforth CST). By analyzing four selected pastoral letters, this article tries to spell out the strengths and shortcomings of the Church in employing traditional systems and values in giving form to the CST. Keywords Catholic social teaching, human dignity, common good, solidarity, reconciliation and peace, contextualization, Ethiopian traditional values Introduction Most of the current national boundaries of Africa were drawn during the colonial period and do not reflect the socio-cultural, ethno-linguistic and religious compositions of the colonies. Although Ethiopia has successfully overcome European colonial power and survived as an independent state with the exception of a five year Italian occupation (1936-41), its contemporary national boarder is a result of the scramble for Africa. Moreover, with the introduction of modern education and the process of modernization, European ideas have taken the upper-hand in political and economic matters.2 In many ways, churches are no exceptions. 1 Throughout this article, where I write about Church and bishops I have the Roman Catholic Church and bishops of Ethiopia in mind unless otherwise stated. 2 Messay Kebede, Survival and...
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...A, THE BRITISH ACADEMY SOMERSET HISTORICAL ESSAYS SOMERSET HISTORICAL ESSAYS By J. Armitage Robinson, D.D, Fellow of the British Academy Dean of Wells 1921 London: Published for the British Academy By Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press Amen Corner, E.C. PRINTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS BY FREDERICK HALI, 76$ J 9 2/ PREFACE The writer of these pages makes no claim to be a historian, but he is concerned with the materials which go to the construction of true history. Occasionally he is led to revise the verdicts of historians on the ground of a renewed investigation of some isolated problem, or in the light of fuller information which has but lately become available. He hopes that he has done this with sufficient modesty. As a rule he has avoided direct controversy and has preferred a positive presentation of the revised position. He is well aware that when offered thus silently the corrections he desires to make are less likely to attract immediate attention than if he directly challenged fallacies which shelter under honoured names. But he writes from mere love of the subjects to which he has been drawn by the circumstances of his position and by local patriotism ; and he has experienced more than once the temporary blindness pro- duced by the dust of conflict. On the other hand he asks for criticism, ...
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...incarnation and finally leading to the derogation of the Mother of God's dignity. Following this instance, it is very much possible to imagine that the good reaction or even its absence in the present times ecumenical Liberals leads to the emergence of Nestorius during our time1. However, the Catholics who lived in the fifth century, glory to God, had a close relationship with Martyrs Age. In this regard, it then becomes necessary to find out how these Catholics defended their faith, taking into consideration that for each and every moment that a Catholic follower prays these days, conducts such prayers through the enthusiasm of Ephesus in 431. Indeed, an Ecumenical or the General Council of the Church refers to the sole assemblage of bishops around the globe lead by the Pope. Their aim, in this case, is to facilitate the discussions about those issues that revolve around the faith or discipline cases of ecclesiastical types. As at present, there twenty Councils that begin with the Nicea and finally ends at Vatican II. 1Svigel, Michael J. "The Phantom Heresy: Did the Council of Ephesus (431) Condemn...
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...Rhetorical Analysis of "Letter from Birmingham Jail" “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly” quoted by Martin Luther King Jr. He was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. During the civil rights protests, he was arrested in Birmingham, Alabama because for protesting without a permit. Some realized arresting Dr. King is the best idea. However, Dr. King did not let jail block his...
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...people to Christianity were extensively written by Medieval Historian Bede, on his book “Ecclesiastical History of England”. In 8th century, people of Europe were mostly Christians, so the goal of Christian churches were not conversion instead it was unification Christianity. One of missionaries of Roman church who were to improve and spread Christianity was Saint Boniface, whose works and efforts left recorded in various ways especially in the form of letters. Process of conversion to Christianity in the 7th century differed from that of 8th century judging from Saint Boniface’s letters, and Bede’s “Ecclesiastical History of England”. Biggest of the differences are that in the 7th century turning people’s attention to Christianity, and therefore making them believe in the one true god was the focus, in the 8th century correcting the wrong ways to worship Christianity, also correcting wrong teachings of the Christian clerics were...
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...the oppressiveness of Jansenism, but later was sent to assist at the parish St Martin's near Krainberg in Carniola. For Father Frederic, the difficulty of feeling unwanted amongst his peers was beginning to wear on him, which led him to consider the American missions. He followed an appeal made from the Bishop of Cincinnati and was given permission from his local ordinary to go there. In a three-month sailing across the ocean and crossing the Appalachian Mountains, he arrived on January 18,1831. Upon his arrival he was warmly welcomed by Bishop Fenwick and the local population. His first assignment was to help minister to the German population in Cincinnati before he began traveling to the Indian population. While amongst the German Catholics, he took advantage of the time to immerse himself in the local Ottawa Indian language. His teacher was a local seminarian and the son of the Ottawa chief. About five months after his arrival in America he was ready to begin his mission into the northern tribes. For his first eight hundred mile trip trip he was accompanied by Bishop Fenwick to Ottawa village at Le Arbre Croche (today the Cross in the woods), Michigan. On the way both Bishop Fenwick and Father Frederic baptized over twenty-four converts and confirmed thirty, each carefully prepared by their own tribal chief Assiginak. During his time at Arbre Croche he began deepen his knowledge of the Ottawa language, and composed several prayer books and the catechism, which was the very first...
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...great care, Elizabeth had 3 options when it came to religion, maintain catholic religion Mary had set up, create moderate form of Protestantism or create a more radical Genevan style reform. The influence of puritans’ on parliament can be perceived as a threat to stability as their influence greatly undermined the authority of the queen. With the support/sympathy of various key figures; Strickland, field, Dudley, Burghley and perhaps the most notable Edmund grindal, who’s support of prophesying highlights the danger puritans’ held in the eyes of Elizabeth. His refusal to ban the act led to his suspension and house arrest. Such quick and harsh response from the queen implies how seriously she took prophesying as a threat to stability. His letter to Elizabeth may be the reason fro such judgement, grindal puritan views seep through and imply the very same ideas as Knox “monstrous regiment of women” which conferred with grindals threatening response to the queen “remember madam, that you are a mortal creature.” This is not only belittling but also as also warren clearly voices...
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...RUNNING HEAD: BAYEUX TAPESTRY LETTER 1 “ Bayeux Tapestry Letter” Tara Brown Professor Dr. Gavin HUM 111-World Cultures I December 3, 2012 This letter was instructed and taught by Professor Dr. Gavin. Dear Brown Family, The Bayeux Tapestry was one of the most unforgettable and successful encounters that I have joined in as Bishop Odo. Odo’s father was Herluin, Viscount of Conteville and Odo’s mother was Herleva whom was the mother of the Duke of Normandy. When he was only nineteen years old, William made him the Bishop of Bayeux where he built a cathedral there. He was the architect who commanded the Bayeux Tapestry. This 230-foot-long, 20-inch high embroidery was one of the most fascinating narratives commissioned by Odo. The entourage of Bishop Odo of Bayeux has successful entrepreneurs and talented scholars. It based on two groups of men who owed his triumph to his support: those who clenched the land from him in his earldom of Kent and persons whose legendary education he nurtured. At the Battle of Hastings, immediately after the English have prevented...
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...RUNNING HEAD: BAYEUX TAPESTRY LETTER 1 “ Bayeux Tapestry Letter” Tara Brown Professor Dr. Gavin HUM 111-World Cultures I December 3, 2012 This letter was instructed and taught by Professor Dr. Gavin. Dear Brown Family, The Bayeux Tapestry was one of the most unforgettable and successful encounters that I have joined in as Bishop Odo. Odo’s father was Herluin, Viscount of Conteville and Odo’s mother was Herleva whom was the mother of the Duke of Normandy. When he was only nineteen years old, William made him the Bishop of Bayeux where he built a cathedral there. He was the architect who commanded the Bayeux Tapestry. This 230-foot-long, 20-inch high embroidery was one of the most fascinating narratives commissioned by Odo. The entourage of Bishop Odo of Bayeux has successful entrepreneurs and talented scholars. It based on two groups of men who owed his triumph to his support: those who clenched the land from him in his earldom of Kent and persons whose legendary education he nurtured. At the Battle of Hastings, immediately after the English have prevented...
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...RUNNING HEAD: BAYEUX TAPESTRY LETTER 1 “ Bayeux Tapestry Letter” Tara Brown Professor Dr. Gavin HUM 111-World Cultures I December 3, 2012 This letter was instructed and taught by Professor Dr. Gavin. Dear Brown Family, The Bayeux Tapestry was one of the most unforgettable and successful encounters that I have joined in as Bishop Odo. Odo’s father was Herluin, Viscount of Conteville and Odo’s mother was Herleva whom was the mother of the Duke of Normandy. When he was only nineteen years old, William made him the Bishop of Bayeux where he built a cathedral there. He was the architect who commanded the Bayeux Tapestry. This 230-foot-long, 20-inch high embroidery was one of the most fascinating narratives commissioned by Odo. The entourage of Bishop Odo of Bayeux has successful entrepreneurs and talented scholars. It based on two groups of men who owed his triumph to his support: those who clenched the land from him in his earldom of Kent and persons whose legendary education he nurtured. At the Battle of Hastings, immediately after the English have prevented...
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...Basic Principles of Catholic Social Teaching By Daniel Gannon Gannon.dan@gmail.com Copyright © 2011 Deacon Dan Gannon Introduction The Church’s primary mission is to help man on the path of salvation.[i] The Church’s social teaching is, “an integral part of her evangelizing ministry”[ii], and is theological in nature – viz. “aimed at guiding people’s behavior”.[iii] Thus, the Church’s social doctrine is integral to the life of the Church and her mission. Key principles of the Church’s social doctrine include her evangelization and teaching regarding: the dignity and right to life of the human person – as revealed by God via Divine Revelation, the centrality and preeminence of the family to society, man’s fundamental freedom, the right to labor, just wages and working conditions, the right to own private property in service to the common good, the democratic government model and the right to freedom of religion and to form associations. We will briefly review these basic principles in the context of the Compendium and other Church documents, elucidating their importance in our duty as Catholics to witness Christ’s love in society. The Dignity and Nature of Man in the Image of God – Sources of Social Doctrine The Church’s sacred sources are the origin of her principles on social thought – Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition, as interpreted and promulgated by the Magisterium.[iv] Scriptural principles are innumerable...
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...Dr. Carole Collier Frick T Th 9:30-10:45am Fall 2015 History 111B 1st Lab: Martin of Braga (520-80) Group 1 Audience: Bishop Martin of Braga (c. 520-580) created the primary source in the form of a letter that was intended for another bishop located in Spain. This other bishop was to receive the letter that he in turn would be delivered in a sermon to the mere local peasants that filled the streets of Spain at the time. Purpose: Martin of Braga had the intention of fully denouncing the Christian converts of Spain for retaining traditional religious beliefs, practices, and cults. The reasoning behind this was because these people or peasants made a pact with god when they converted to Christianity. Paganism was always a major persistence and serious problem for the clergy and Christianity. Point-of-view: Braga’s main interest was to have those who still followed and practiced paganism change their ways for the best. It was in Braga’s main interest to have people ditch their old ways of life and religion in favor for a better life under the watchful eyes of god. If they didn’t fully convert to Christianity, they would suffer misery. Format: The primary source was in the form of a handwritten letter. Argument: Braga is arguing for people to repent and fully worship god while also fully accepting baptism to its full extent. Baptism/Christianity was the right way to live life in the eyes of Braga and would stop at nothing to have people realize that. By practicing paganism...
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...Now in these senates one of two things happened, all that was determined by who was overseeing the council. If they where Orthodox Bishops then they would be affirming and enforcing the Creed of Nicea. Now, if they where Arian Bishops, o yeah they are still around, then they would be working to throw out Nicea altogether. In 327 A.D two Senates where held, one in Antioch and the other in Nicomida. In both of these Senates Arian Bishops offered their support for Arius, and after converting Constantine, who lets be honest was leaning that way anyways. Constantine sent orders to Alexander, to readmit Arius back into the Church, Alexander would refuse. Soon after Alexander died, and Athanasius would become Bishop of...
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...BLACK LIBERATION THEOLOGY: SO YOU THINK JESUS WAS WHITE? By Hosea Bennett OUTLINE I. Liberation Theology a. What is Liberation Theology? b. Its origins and roots II. Black Liberation Theology a. It‘s true meaning b. James Cone - It’s Founder c. Luke’s social message to all d. History of Black Catholics III. Black Spirituality & Culture. a. Black Spirituality b. What We Have Seen and Heard – Pastoral Letter on Evangelization c. Catholic Teaching on Racism IV. Conclusion INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about the true meaning of Black Liberation Theology. I want to present this paper as an enlightening pit of information to all who read it. I hope that will be an enlightenment and appreciation of the culture and spirituality of Blacks by non Blacks. And for Blacks I hope to affirm that our culture and spirituality is a depiction of our past, present, and future relationship with God. “Black Liberation Theology and Black Theology” are terms that walk hand in hand. For both share it’s African and slave roots since the 1560s. Long before the landing of The Mayflower at Plymouth...
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...The Massacre at Fort Pillow: Holding Nathan Bedford Forrest Accountable Ned Bishop United States History II Professor Citro March 22, XXXX Title of paper. Writer’s name. Title of course, instructor’s name, and date. Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004). 67 Bishop 2 Although Northern newspapers of the time no doubt exaggerated some of the Confederate atrocities at Fort Pillow, most modern sources agree that a massacre of Union troops took place there on April 12, 1864. It seems clear that Union soldiers, particularly black soldiers, were killed after they had stopped fighting or had surrendered or were being held prisoner. Less clear is the role played by Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest in leading his troops. Although we will never know whether Forrest directly ordered the massacre, evidence suggests that he was responsible for it. Fort Pillow, Tennessee, which sat on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River, had been held by the Union for two years. It was garrisoned by 580 men, 292 of them from the Sixth United States Colored Heavy and Light Cavalry, 285 from the white Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s troops numbered about 1,500 men.1 The Confederates attacked Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, and had virtually surrounded the fort by the time Forrest arrived on the battlefield. At 3:30 P.M., Forrest displayed a flag of truce and sent in a demand for unconditional surrender of the sort he had used...
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